Plate Tectonics California Example. Plate Tectonics Greek – “tektonikos” of a builder Pieces...

Plate TectonicsCalifornia Example

Plate Tectonics

• Greek – “tektonikos” of a builder• Pieces of the lithosphere that move around• Each plate has a name• Fit together like jigsaw puzzles• Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes

in a bowl of water

Tectonic Plates

Earth’s Layers

The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed.

This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle.

The Crust

• Outermost layer• 5 – 100 km thick• Made of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum

The Mantle• Layer of Earth

between the crust and the core

• Contains most of the Earth’s mass

• Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust

• Is denser than the crust

The Core• Below the

mantle and to the center of the Earth

• Believed to be mostly Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium

Continental DriftAlfred Wegener 1900’sContinents were once a single land mass that drifted apart.

Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents

Called this supercontinent Pangea, Greek for “all Earth”

245 Million years ago

Split again – Laurasia & Gondwana 180 million years ago

Evidence of Pangea

Sea Floor Spreading

• Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain chains that run through the Earth’s Basins

• Magma rises to the surface and solidifies and new crust forms

• Older Crust is pushedfarther away from the ridge

How Plates Move

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/unanswered.html

Different Types of BoundariesVideo clip

Divergent Boundary – Arabian and African Plates

Divergent Boundary – Iceland

Divergent Boundary - Oceanic

Divergent Boundary - Continental

Convergent Boundary – Indian and Eurasian Plates

Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Continental

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com

Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Oceanic

Convergent Boundaries - Continental

Transform Boundary – San Andreas Fault

Review• Name the 3 main layers of the Earth• What is a tectonic plate?• What was Pangea?• What is Sea-Floor spreading?• Name the three different types of plate

boundaries and one location on Earth for each one

Plate Tectonics California Example. Plate Tectonics Greek – “tektonikos” of a builder Pieces...

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