Plant Tissue Culture

A rice plant growing in nutrient rich agar

Tissue CultureA.K.A•Micropropagation•In vitro Culture

faperta.ugm.ac.id/newbie/download/pak_tar/Plantbiotechnology/TissuCulturebiotech2007.ppt

Plant Tissue Culture

Learning Objectives Introduction to Tissue CulturePicture Dictation Exercise

Our Learning Objectives in relation to Tissue Culture

Reasons for propagating plants by tissue culture are stated

The culture process is described

Describe some common tissue culture methods Including – meristem culture and embryo culture

Describe how the plant part is selected Describe how the culture medium is made up Explain the timing of plant selection

Introduction to Tissue Culture

Tissue Culture (also known as Micropropagation or In vitro culture) is:

The growing of plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.

Introduction to Tissue Culture

Plant tissue culture is a bit like the equivalent of ‘Dolly the sheep’ but using plants.

Introduction to Tissue Culture

Cloning Animal Cells Cloning Plant Cells

Both these processes use undifferentiated cells

Picture Dictation Exercise

Take some meristematic cells from a plant.These cells are called an explantPlace the explant on a sterile nutrient rich

agarThe explant grows into a ball of cells This ball of cells is called a callusThe callus then develops roots, stem and

leavesThis is called a plantletTransplant the plantlet into a traditional

growing media Answer

Introduction to Tissue Culture

Is …the technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium

You might say … it is the plant equivalent of dolly the sheep

Back to ContentsBack to picture dictation

What are undifferentiated cells

What are undifferentiated cells In the human body we have lots of different types

of cells

Blood cellsMuscle cellsBones cellsBrain cells

An undifferentiated cell is a cell that does not yet have a specialised job

Next

What are undifferentiated cells

Undifferentiated cells in animals

Stem cells

Undifferentiated cells in plants

?

You tube demonstrations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kje0YczE0Do

The Culture Medium (Media)

The environment surrounding the developing explants must provide the correct ‘necessities’ for plant growth.

Neccessities for plant growth

The Culture Medium (Media)

From this list of neccessaties – which ones are provided by the agar?

Neccessities for plant growth

Hormones in the agar

Two Hormones Affect Plant Differentiation: Auxin: Stimulates Root Development Cytokinin: Stimulates Shoot Development

Generally, the ratio of these two hormones can determine plant development: Auxin ↓Cytokinin = Root Development Cytokinin ↓Auxin = Shoot Development Auxin = Cytokinin = Callus Development

What is Callus development

A callus is a blob of tissue – (mostly undifferentiated cells)

A callus is naturally developed on a plant as a result of a wound

This callus can be left to develop or can be further divided

The culture medium contains a gel (agar) with the proper mixture of nutrients, sugars, vitamins and hormones (growth promotors),

These causes the plant part to grow at very rapid rates to produce new plantlets.  It has been estimated that one chrysanthemum apex placed in tissue culture could produce up to 1,000,000 new plantlets in one year.

Tissue Culture Transfer Protocol   Dr. Dan Lineberger of Texas A&M University demonstrates the protocol to

transfer African violets from tissue culture containers where they were grown into a small �forest� of cloned plants (called multiplication culture tubes) to tissue containers where the young clones will form new roots.� After the roots are formed, they can be removed and potted into containers.  This procedure must be done in the sterile environment of a transfer hood.

Sterilize the surfaces of the transfer hood. Sterilize all tools that touch the plants by first dipping in alcohol them

flaming. African violet clones in a shoot multiplication tube. Remove the cluster of plants in the culture. Insert the cluster of plants into the new culture container. Break up the cluster of plants and spread them out. Seal the container with paraffin film. The culture before transfer (left) and after transfer (right).

Embry Culture

Plant Tissue Culture and G.E