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The Philippines:
Human Development Index Ranking and
Progress in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals
Secretary Arsenio M. BalisacanSocioeconomic Planning Secretary and Director-General
National Economic and Development Authority
National Launch and Press Conference of the 2014 Human Development Report
and 5th PHL Progress Report on the MDGs
20 August 2014
Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria
Highlights of the
The Human
Development Report
2014
• Assesses countries’
development using the
following indices:
• Human Development
Index (HDI)
• Gender Inequality Index
• Gender Development Index
• Multidimensional Poverty
index.
Human Development Index (HDI)
• Summary measure for assessing long-term progress in
three (3) basic dimensions of human development
*Figure from the Human Development Report 2014 Technical Notes
The Philippines’ HDI increased by 16.5% between 1980 and
2013. The Philippines ranked 117 out of 187 countries in 2013.
Life expectancy
at birth
Expected years
of schooling
(Children)
Mean
years of
schooling
(Adults)
GNI per capita
(2005 PPP$)HDI value
1980 62.2 10.3 6.1 4,404 0.566
1985 63.8 10.5 6.7 3,926 0.578
1990 65.2 10.8 7.1 3,945 0.591
1995 66.0 11.0 7.5 4,093 0.605
2000 66.8 11.4 8.0 4,241 0.619
2005 67.5 11.6 8.6 4,791 0.638
2010 68.2 11.3 8.9 5,628 0.651
2011 68.4 11.3 8.9 5,726 0.652
2012 68.5 11.3 8.9 6,060 0.656
2013 68.7 11.3 8.9 6,381 0.660
Philippines’ HDI for 2013 is higher than the average
for countries in the medium human development
group, but lower than the average in EAP.
relative to selected countries and groups
HDI valueHDI
rank
Life
expectanc
y at birth
Expected
years of
schooling
Mean
years of
schooling
GNI per
capita
(PPP US$)
Philippines 0.660 117 68.7 11.3 8.9 6,381
Thailand 0.722 89 74.4 13.1 7.3 13,364
Indonesia 0.684 108 70.8 12.7 7.5 8,970
East Asia and
the Pacific0.703 — 74.0 12.5 7.4 10,499
Medium HDI 0.614 — 67.9 11.7 5.5 5,960
*Data from the UNDP Explanatory Note on 2014 Human Development Report composite
indices
Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)
*Figure from the Human Development Report 2014 Technical Notes
Inequality pulls down HDI by 18.1 % in the
Philippines.
IHDI
value
Overall
Loss (%)
Human
inequality
coefficient
(%)
Inequality
in life
expectancy
at birth (%)
Inequality
in
education
(%)
Inequality
in income
(%)
Philippines 0.540 18.1 18.0 15.2 13.5 25.2
Thailand 0.573 20.7 20.0 9.8 16.1 34.0
Indonesia 0.553 19.2 19.1 16.4 23.2 17.7
East Asia and
the Pacific0.564 19.7 19.5 11.7 19.7 27.0
Medium HDI 0.457 25.6 25.2 21.9 35.1 18.6
*Data from the UNDP Explanatory Note on 2014 Human Development Report composite
indices
Poverty and gender inequality in the
Philippines
• Multidimensional poverty
– The most recent Philippine MPI figures show that 7.3
percent of the population are multidimensionally poor while
an additional 12.2 percent are near multidimensional
poverty.
• Gender
– The Philippines ranks 78 out of 149 countries in the
Gender Inequality Index (GII) in 2013 with a value of
0.406.
– The Gender Development Index (GDI) value of the
Philippines is at 0.989, higher than average in the medium
HDI group and in the East Asia and the Pacific.
General conclusions from the 2014 HDR:
• The Philippines slightly improved in human
development but at a slow pace.
• The progress made on advancing human
development can be undermined by a natural
disaster or economic slump.
2014 HDR Recommendations:
Prevention, promotion and protection
Highlights of
the
Philippines
Fifth Progress
Report on the
MDGs
HIGH
Food poverty
Education School participation
Empowering women
Infant & under-5
mortality
Malaria morbidity
Tuberculosis
incidence
Access to safe water
Access to sanitary
toilet facilities
MEDIUM
Income poverty
NutritionUnderweight children
LOW
EducationCohort survival
Gender disparity
Political
participation
Maternal mortality
Access to
reproductive health
HIV/AIDS
Probability of meeting MDG targets
GOAL 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
34.4
26.6 26.3 25.2
28.8 28.6 27.9
17.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Poverty incidence among population (%), 1991-2012
Annual Estimates Semestral Estimates MDG Target
Source: PSA-NSCB
17.6
12.010.9 10.4
14.213.3 13.4
8.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Subsistence Incidence Among Population (%), 1991-2012
Annual Estimates Semestral Estimates MDG Target
Source: PSA-NSCB
3.0
-0.6
0.3
2.1
4.4
4.7
5.8
5.2
-0.6
3.1
4.4
2.9
3.6
5.0
6.7
4.8
5.2
6.6
4.2
1.1
7.6
3.6
6.8
7.2
1.4
3.23.4
2.92.7 2.6
5.9
1.9
1.0
4.2
-1.0
6.2
3.1
1.9
3.2
2.22.0
2.8
1.6
2.9 2.8
3.2
1.10.8
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
GDP Growth Rate and Employment Growth Rate (in percent), 1990-2013
GDP Growth rate Employent Level Growth rate
Note: Total Employed data for 1990 to 1997, based on 1980CPH; 1998 to 2006, based on 1995CPH; 2007 up to present, based on 2000CPH.
Sources: PSA-NSO and PSA-NSCB
27.326.5
23.8 23.6
25.5
23.0
20.720.0
20.620.2
13.6
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
1989 1992 1993 1995 1998 2001 2003 2005 2008 2011 2015
Prevalence of underweight-for-age among children, under-five years old, for monitoring of MDG 1 using World Health Organization - Child Growth Standard (WHO-CGS): 1990-2011 (in percent)
Actual MDG Target
Source of basic data: FNRI
Source of basic data: NNS, FNRI
74.2
57.0
66.9
37.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
19
93
20
03
20
08
20
15
Proportion of households with per capita intake below 100% dietary energy requirement (%), 1993-2008
Actual MDG Target
111.2
111.8
110.3
112.1
114.0
116.5
118.3
118.2
119.2
113.5
109.9
108.3
106.1
104.2
101.1
99.9
102.1
102.0 107.2
114.7
115.2
113.7
85.1 85.2 85.487.1
92.794.3
95.1 95.797.0 96.8 97.0
90.388.7
87.1
84.483.2
84.9 85.1
89.7
95.997.3
95.2
80
90
100
110
120
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Elementary education NER and GER (%), SY 1991-1992 to SY 2012-2013 (public and private)
GER NER
Source: Research & Statistics Division Office of Planning Service, Department of Education
GOAL 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
68.7 68.4
67.5
66.567.2
68.068.7
64.163.5 63.5
69.1
72.471.8
71.3
70.0
73.4
75.3 75.4
74.4 74.273.8
75.3
66.5 66.6
65.3 65.4 65.4
66.7
67.7
68.769.2
68.768.2
71.6
70.2
69.1
68.1
71.7
73.1 73.3
72.2 72.1
71.0
73.7
60
65
70
75
80
Elementary education CSR and CompR (%), SY 1991-1992 to SY 2012-2013 (public and private)
CSR CompR
Source: Research & Statistics Division Office of Planning Service, Department of
Education
0.96
0.950.96 0.96 0.96
0.95
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.92
1.00
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
Ratio of girls to boys in elementary education net enrolment rate, 1996-2012
Actual MDG Target
Source of basic data: Research & Statistics Division Office of Planning Service, Department of Education
GOAL 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education, 1996-2012
Source of basic data: Research & Statistics Division Office of Planning Service, Department of Education
1.25
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.18
1.20
1.18
1.19
1.19
1.21
1.20
1.19
1.00
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education, 2000-2011
Actual MDG Target
Note: Years represent start of school yearSource: CHED
57
33.6 35.1
29
24 2522
19
80
54.2
48.4
40
32 3430
26.7
17.7 17.8 1713
16 14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1990 1993 1998 2003 2006 2008 2011 2015
Under-Five, Infant and Neonatal Mortality, 1990-2011
Infant Mortality Under-Five Mortality Neonatal Mortality
GOAL 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Source: 1990 Technical Working Group on Maternal and Child Mortality, PSA-NSCB; National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)
(1993, 1998, 2003 &2008), NSO; Family Planning Survey (FPS) 2006, Family Health Survey 2011
120128
182
209
203197
191186
180 172 162
221
52
224196
260
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1998 2006 2011 2015
Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births), 1990-2011
GOAL 5: Improve Maternal Health
Sources of basic data: NDHS, NSO (1993, 1998, 2008); FPS, NSO (2006), FHS(2011)
40
46.5
49.5 48.950.6 50.10
48.9
63
24.9
28.2
33.1 33.435.9
34
36.9
15.1
18.316.4 15.5 14.8
16.7
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1993 1998 2001 2003 2006 2008 2011 2015
Trends in contraceptive prevalence rate (%), by contraceptive method, 1993-2011
All Modern Traditional
Source: National Demographic Household Survey and Family Health Survey, PSA-NSO
GOAL 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases
"90 "91 "92 "93 "94 "95 "96 "97 "98 "99 "00 "01 "02 "03 "04 "05 "06 "07 "08 "09 "10 "11 "12 "13
Total 66 85 72 102 118 116 154 117 189 158 123 174 184 193 199 210 309 342 528 835 1591 2349 3338 4814
Asymptomatic 48 68 51 64 61 65 104 94 144 80 83 118 140 140 162 171 273 311 505 804 1562 2239 3152 4476
AIDS 18 17 21 38 57 51 50 23 45 78 40 56 44 53 37 39 36 31 23 31 29 110 186 338
Death 15 13 13 11 19 24 27 10 16 17 9 20 11 10 5 16 18 10 7 1 3 19 11 0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Number of HIV/AIDS Cases Reported in the Philippines, 1990 to 2013 December
Source: Philippine HIV and AIDS Registry, National Epidemiology Center
Source: Department of Health (DOH)
123
86
4855
41
26 22 219.5 8.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Malaria morbidity rate (per 100,000), 1990-2012
1.5
0.9
0.4
0.170.08 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Malaria mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 population)
393
360
329
301
280 275 270
250
300
350
400
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011
Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population), 1990-2011
Source: Global Tuberculosis Report 2012, WHO
58
49
41
3531 30 29
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011
Tuberculosis mortality rate (per 100,000 population) 1990-2011
GOAL 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
20.5
20.1
19.7
19.3
19
18.618.3
18
23.9
22.8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2003 2010
Philippine Forest Cover, 1990-2010
Sources of basic data: CPH and APIS, NSO
73.0
78.179.1 79.7
77.9
81.5 81.482.5
84.4
86.5
67.6
80.4
82.3
86.0 85.4
87.988.6
91.9 91.6
83.8
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
1990 1998 1999 2002 2004 2007 2008 2010 2011 2015
Proportion of population with access to safe water andsanitary toilet facilities (%), 1990-2011
Families with Access to Safe Water Families with Access to Sanitary Toilet Faciities
Source: State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013, UN Habitat
16,479
17,158
17,613
17,972
18,132
18,302
54.3
50.8
47.2
43.7
42.3
40.9
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
15500
16000
16500
17000
17500
18000
18500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2009
%
In T
ho
usa
nd
s
Urban slum population in thousands and proportion of urban population living in slum areas, 1990-2009
Urban slum population in the Philippines in thousands Proportion of urban population living in slum areas
GOAL 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Source of basic data: NTC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1 1 2 3 7 13 19 24 38 85156 194
278
399 413509
659
753820
884952
Cellular mobile phone subscriptions per 1000 population, 1991-2011
Source of basic data: NTC
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
19961997199819992000200120022003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
100 200 300 350 400 500800 1,0001,200
1,440
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,600
4,320
5,184
Estimated no. of internet subscribers (‘000)
HIGH
Food poverty
Education School participation
Empowering women
Infant & under-5
mortality
Malaria morbidity
Tuberculosis
incidence
Access to safe water
Access to sanitary
toilet facilities
MEDIUM
Income poverty
NutritionUnderweight children
LOW
EducationCohort survival
Gender disparity
Political
participation
Maternal mortality
Access to
reproductive health
HIV/AIDS
Probability of meeting MDG targets
Common themes in the HDR
and MDG Progress Report
• Despite the achievements in certain areas, there
is still much that remains to be done to ensure
that all Filipinos, especially the poor and
vulnerable, reach their highest potentials for
human development.
• There is an urgent need to address inequality by
reducing vulnerabilities and improving access to
opportunities.
• Large disparities exist among geographic areas
Philippine Development Plan
2011-2016 Midterm Update
Addressing the specific constraints faced by the poor and the
vulnerable requires consideration of geophysical characteristics
I – provinces with highest number
of the poor II – provinces with highest
proportion of the poor
III – provinces prone to multiple
hazards
• Rapid growth
opportunities exist but not
for the poor
• In-migrants are attracted
but they cannot
participate in the growth
process as well
• Very remote, sparsely
populated
• Limited growth
opportunities
• Confronted by conflict
and/or frequent
disasters
• Prone to multiple
hazards
Addressing the specific constraints requires different strategies
• Create more growth
opportunities
• Undertake skills training,
employment facilitation
• Encourage flexible work
arrangements
• Promote economic mobility
of labor through human
capital and infrastructure
development
• Link residents to the value
chain
• Develop capability to
respond to calamities and
disasters
• Capacitate officials and
residents on disaster risk-
reduction strategies
• Promote income
diversification
• Expand social protection
and insurance
I – provinces with highest number
of the poor II – provinces with highest
proportion of the poor
III – provinces prone to multiple
hazards
Government interventions addressing
human vulnerability
• Universal Health Care or Kalusugan
Pangkalahatan (KP)
• K to 12 program
• Social pension for senior citizens
• Emergency employment programs during crisis
(economic, financial, disaster-related)
• Relief assistance for individuals affected by
natural and man-made calamities
• Community-Based Employment Program
Government interventions addressing
human vulnerability
• Pantawid Pamilya Program
• Disability and death benefits for OFW members of
OWWA
• Community Mortgage Program
• Housing assistance for calamity victims
• Housing programs for informal settler families (ISFs)
• Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan Comprehensive and
Integrated Delivery of Social Services-National
Community-Driven Development Program (KALAHI
CIDSS-NCDDP)
• Promote inclusive growth by
– expanding manufacturing, tourism and other sectors
that would employ less skilled workers
– Investing in human capital
• Implement well-designed and well-targeted safety nets
to reduce transient poverty
• Address requirements of K-12 program
• Promote deliveries in health facilities
Priority Actions
• Strengthen service provision
• Effective and efficient budget execution
• Improve population management
• Provide greater focus on some regions –Visayas
and Mindanao
• Greater advocacy and localization of MDGs
Priority Actions
The Philippines:
Human Development Index Ranking and
Progress in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals
Secretary Arsenio M. BalisacanSocioeconomic Planning Secretary and Director-General
National Economic and Development Authority
National Launch and Press Conference of the 2014 Human Development Report
and 5th PHL Progress Report on the MDGs
20 August 2014
Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria