Personality

By

Payal Chhabra

Meaning

Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her thoughts, motivations, and behaviour in various situations.

The sum total of the physical, mental, emotional, and social characteristics of an individual

The organized pattern of behavioural characteristics of the individual

The complex of characteristics that distinguishes an individual or a nation or group

Meaning cont…

Personality means discussing about the growth & development of a person’s whole psychological system.

A sum of total ways in which an individual reacts & interacts with others.

A person’s personality is greater than his looks or physical appearance. It is his mind and his emotions.

Personality Determinants

HeredityEnvironmentSituation

Heredity Physique Facial Attractiveness Gender Energy level Temperament

• Light-hearted, fun loving

• Have a lot of ambition, energy, and passion

• Highly creative – as in poetry and art but pre-occupied with the tragedy and cruelty in world.

• Self-content and kind, shy & lazy, resistant to change

Environment

Culture in which we are raised Our family Friends Social groups Other influence with experience.

It plays substantial role in shaping our personality.

Situation

Pressure Funny Bravery Presence of mind Tension time

Personality Traits

Interpersonal DynamicsInterpersonal dynamics – are the give

and take behavior between people during human relations

Interpersonal dynamics grow increasingly complex as more people interact

Key Topics of Interpersonal Dynamics

Transactional Analysis

Assertiveness

Conflict Management

Transactional Analysis (TA)

Method for determining how people interactWhen we interact, behavior can be:

•passive

•aggressive

•assertive • Performance is greater with this behavior

TA is a method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics

TA: Ego States

Major ego states that affect our behavior or the way we transact through communication:•Parent Ego State (P)

• Critical parent

• Sympathetic parent

•Child Ego State (C)• Natural child

• Adapted child

•Adult Ego State (A)

TA: Types of Transactions

Within ego states there are three different types of transactions:•Complementary Transactions

•Crossed Transactions

•Ulterior Transactions

Complementary Transactions Occur when the sender

of the message gets the intended response from the receiver

• Generally result in more effective communication

Supervisor

P

A

C

P

A

C

Employee

Crossed Transactions Occur when the sender

of a message does not get the expected response from the receiver

• These result in surprise, disappointment, and hurt feelings for the sender of the message

P

A

C

P

A

C

Supervisor Employee

Ulterior Transactions

Occur when the words seem to be coming from one ego state, but in reality the words or behaviors are coming from another• Sometimes when people don’t know what they

want or how to ask for it in a direct way, they resort to ulterior transactions

• Best to avoid ulterior transactions because they tend to waste time

Ego states Summarized

Parents ego refers to our ‘Taught’ concept of life.

Adult concept refers to our ‘Thought’ concept of life.

Child concept refers to our ‘Felt’ concept of our life.

Major Conclusions of 3 ego States

Conversations are always reaction from Parent, Adult & Child.

Each Ego states has both Positive & Negative features i.e. it can add to or subtract from another person’s feelings of satisfaction.

Major Conclusions of 3 ego States

Ego States can be detected by carefully observing the words & tone used postures, gestures, & facial expressions shown.

Ego states are more apparent in two person transaction than in group transaction.

TA: Life Positions

I’m OK –You’re not OK

I’m OK –You’re OK

I’m not OK –You’re not OK

I’m not OK –You’re OK

Negative Positive

Attitude toward Others

Atti

tude

tow

ard

One

self

Negative

Positive

I’m Not OK You’re not OK - A {Avoidant/Averse Style}

Regulating Parent & Traditional Style – Nurturing Parent & over Indulgent Style- Adult & Cynical Style- Adaptive Child & Sulking Style- Reactive Child & Withdrawal Style- Creative Style & Humorous Style -

I am OK You’re Not OK –B {Bossing Style}

Regulating Parent & Perspective Style- Nurturing Parent & Patronizing Style- Adult & Task – Obsessive Style- Adaptive Child & Complaining Style- Reactive Child Aggressive Style- Creative Child & Bohemian Style-

I’m OK You’re OK - C {Confident Style}

Regulating Parent & Normative Style- Nurturing Parent & Supportive Style – Adaptive Child & Resilient Style – Reactive Child & Comforting Style – Creative Child & Innovative Style –

I am not OK, You’re OK- D {Diffident Style}

Regulating Parent & Indifferent Style- Nurturing Parent & Ingratiating Style- Adult & Overwhelmed Style- Adaptive Child & Dependent Style- Reactive Child & Intropunitive Style- Creative Child & Satirical Style-

THANK YOU