Post on 28-Dec-2015
I H
isto
ry
A.Mendeleev• Arranged elements by
their massesB.Moseley• Arranged elements by
their atomic number• Modern periodic table
II A
rrangem
ent
of
the P
eri
odic
Ta
ble
A.Groups• Columns on the table• Contain the same
number of valence electronsB.Periods• Rows on the table
• Use the same energy
levels
A. M
eta
ls
1. Locationa) Lower left side of the table
2. Propertiesa) Metals are malleable and
ductileb) Metals are solids at room
temperature except mercury
c) Metals have lusterd) Metals are good conductors
e) Metals have low ionization
energy and low electronegativity
f) Metals lose electrons and
form positive ions
B. N
onm
eta
ls
1. Locationa) Upper right side of the table
2. Propertiesa) Nonmetals are brittle
b) Nonmetals are gases or
molecular solids at room
temperature except bromine
which is a liquidc) Nonmetals are dulld) Nonmetals are insulators
e) Nonmetals have high ionization
energy and high electronegativity
f) Nonmetals gain electrons and
form negative ions
C. Tr
ansi
tion
Meta
ls
1.Locationa)Groups 3 through 12
2. Propertiesa)Series of elements that
fill the d-sublevelb)Transition metals have
multiple oxidation statesc)Transition metals form
colored ions
D. M
eta
lloid
s
1. Locationa) On the “stairs” plus Ge and Sb
2. Propertiesa) Metalloids are brittleb) Metalloids are solid at room
temperaturec) Metalloids have luster
d) Metalloids are semi-conductorse) Metalloids have middle
ionization energy and
electronegativity values
f) Metalloids gain or lose
electrons
E. N
oble
Gase
s
1.Locationa)Noble Gases are in Group 182. Propertiesa)Noble gases are inert
which means they do
not reactb)Noble gases are monatomicc)Noble gases have filled
outer energy levels
IV P
ropert
ies
of
Ele
ments
Ionization Energy (IE)• Amount of energy to remove an
electronAtomic Radius• ½ distance between two nuclei
Ionic Radius• Metals decrease in size
• Nonmetals increase in size
Electronegativity (EN)• Attraction for electrons
Reactivity• Metal activity increases as you go left
and down• Nonmetallic activity increases as you go
up and to the right
V G
roups
HydrogenAlkali Metals• Group 1• Explosive in waterAlkaline Earth Metals• Group 2Halogens• Group 17• All nonmetals• All phases of matter
• F2 and Cl2 (gas) Br
2 (liquid) I2 (solid)
Noble Gases• Group 18• Do not react except the largest
members
VI Tre
nds
As you go
down a group
• Atomic number
increases
• Mass increases
• Valence electrons
remain the same
• Energy levels
increase
• Metallic character
increases
• Nonmetallic
character decreases
• Radius increases
• IE and EN decrease
As you go
across a period
• Atomic number
increases
• Mass increases
• Valence electrons
increase
• Energy level is
constant
• Metallic character
decreases
• Nonmetallic
character increases
• Radius decreases
• IE and EN increase