Post on 26-Feb-2018
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Pengolahan Sampah
Composting/Pengomposan
Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan
Fakultas TeknikUniversitas Diponegoro
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Sudah Pernah!
nalisis Timbulan Sampa
OutputMaterial Balance
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Terminologi ompos !an
omposting
"ompos a!alah hasil !ekomposisi parsial/ti!aklengkap# !ipercepat secara arti$sial !ari campuran%ahan&%ahan organik oleh populasi %er%agaimacam mikro%a !alam kon!isi lingkungan 'ang
hangat# lem%a%# !an aero%ik() *Mo!i$kasi !ari J(+(Cra,-or!# .0 !alamhttp1//i!(,ikipe!ia(org/,iki/ompos2
"Pengomposan a!alah proses !imana %ahan
organik mengalami penguraian secara %iologis#khususn'a oleh mikro%a&mikro%a 'angmeman-aatkan %ahan organik se%agai sum%erenergi( *http1//i!(,ikipe!ia(org/,iki/ompos2
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Bahan ompos
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arakteristik Sampah untuk ompos
Semua 3enis sampah 'ang termasuk ke !alam sampah organik mudahlapuk( Bahan organik untuk pengomposan sen!iri !i%e!akan men3a!i %ahanorganik 'ang !apat !ikomposkan !an %ahan organik 'ang ti!ak !apat!ikomposkan( Bahan organik 'ang !apat !ikomposkan a!alah %ahan 'angmu!ah !an cepat mem%usuk( Contohn'a a!alah rumput, dedaunan, sisamakanan, serbuk gergaji, kotoran manusia/binatang, dsb( Se!angkan
%ahan organik 'ang ti!ak !apat !ikomposkan a!alah %ahan organik 'angse%enarn'a !apat !ikomposkan tetapi memerlukan ,aktu 'ang relati- lama(Contohn'a antara lain 1 kulit kelapa mu!a# kulit !urian# pelepah pisang#sekam# !s%( *Set'orini !kk(# .42
Ti!ak termasuk atau tidak mengandung bahan yang beracun (B3#seperti logam %erat( *Set'orini !kk(# .42
Mempun'ai nilai rasio karbon per nitrogen (/" yang mendekati /"tanah( Bahan 'ang mempun'ai nilai C/5 'ang men!ekati C/5 tanah *6 76.2 !apat langsung !ipakai( on!isi C/5 'ang !apat !iterima !alam prosespengomposan untuk mempercepat proses pengomposan# 'aitu . 7 8*9le:# .6.2(
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arakteristik Bahan ompos
Sumber: Tchobanoglous, 1993
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arakteristik Bahan ompos
Sumber: Tchobanoglous, 1993
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Per%e!aan ompos !anPupuk
ompos ; soil conditioner
Pupuk ; fertilizer
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_2SiqC!"#$%/T&i'()c*+*/-s/#9e#um_"0/s100/pupu)1.pg
http://t2.gstatic.com/imagesqtbn:49+c5g*C61)q07n8u2t$!na
_8T0t;%p5c"+*2%-u1uTrreT_;
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ele%ihan ompos
Aspek #konomi1
6(Menghemat %ia'a untuk transportasi !an penim%unan lim%ah
.(Mengurangi volume/ukuran lim%ah
0(Memiliki nilai 3ual 'ang le%ih tinggi !ari pa!a %ahan asaln'a
. Aspek $ingkungan1
6(Mengurangi polusi u!ara karena pem%akaran lim%ah !an pelepasan gas metana !ari sampahorganik 'ang mem%usuk aki%at %akteri metanogen !i tempat pem%uangan sampah
.(Mengurangi ke%utuhan lahan untuk penim%unan
. Aspek bagi tanah/tanaman1
6(Meningkatkan kesu%uran tanah
.(Memper%aiki struktur !an karakteristik tanah
0(Meningkatkan kapasitas pen'erapan air oleh tanah
8(Meningkatkan aktivitas mikro%a tanah
=(Meningkatkan kualitas hasil panen *rasa# nilai gi>i# !an 3umlah panen2
?(Men'e!iakan hormon !an vitamin %agi tanaman
@(Menekan pertum%uhan/serangan pen'akit tanaman
4(Meningkatkan retensi/keterse!iaan hara !i !alam tanah
http1//i!(,ikipe!ia(org/,iki/ompos
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Stan!ar omposSumber: S* 19
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Stan!ar omposSum%er1 9r!hi# .6.
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9plikasi ompos
ompos Cacing
ompos Bagase
ompos Bokashi ompos Jerami
ompos Tan!an Sa,it
ompos De!aunan ompos Sampah Pasar
!an lain&lain
TugasAompos lainn'a
*Bahan Baku#
CaraPengomposan !an9plikasi2
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Jenis Pengomposan
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Meto!e Pengomposan
Pengomposan !engan teknologi ren!ah *Lo, 7 Technolog'2
Pengomposan !engan teknologi se!ang *Mi! 7 Technolog'2
Pengomposan !engan teknologi tinggi *+igh 7 Technolog'2
*sro>i, 2009
?in4ro; Composting
erate4 Static ile
erate4 Compost @ins
TugasAPengomposan Lo, !an
Mi! Technolog'lainn'a
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+igh Technolog'Composting
otar' Drum Composters Bo:/Tunnel Composting S'stem
*sro>i, 2009
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+igh Technolog'Composting
Mechanical Compost Bins
*sro>i, 2009
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+igh Technolog'Composting
*sro>i, 2009
TugasAPengomposan +igh
Technolog' lainn'a
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Proses Pengomposan
http://i4.;i)ipe4ia.org/;i)i/#ompos
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+u%ungan aktu vsTemperatur
Sum%er 1 ah'ono !kk# .0
Sum%er 1 Tcho%anoglous# 6EE0
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Proses Pengomposan
roses pengomposan secara se4erhana 4apat 4ibagi mena4i 4ua tahap, Aaitu tahap aktif dan
tahap pematangan. Selama tahap
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Proses Pengomposan
arakteristik %ahan 'ang!ikomposkan
9ktivator pengomposan 'ang!ipergunakan
Meto!e pengomposan 'ang!ilakukan
*sro>i, 2009
TugasA
Contoh ompos*Jelaskan %er!asarkanpoin&poin !iatas2
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Mikroorganisme !alam
Pengomposan
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Faktor&Faktor Pengomposan
asio C/5 *0&82
Ukuran partikel *=&6 cm2
etinggian Tim%unan Sampah *6#.= 7 .# m2
elem%a%an *8 7 ?2 *Gn!riani# .662
9erasi *= 7 .2 *ah'ono !kk# .02
Porositas
an!ungan air/a!ar 9ir
Suhu *8 7 =HC2
p+ *0 7 662 atau *optimal ; =#= 7 4#2 *Set'orini !kk#.42
an!ungan hara
an!ungan %ahan&%ahan %er%aha'a
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on!isi Optimal Pengomposanoleh: 5Aa), 1992
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Strategi Pengomposan
Menanipulasi kon!isi/-aktor&-aktor 'ang%erpengaruh pa!a proses pengomposan(
Menam%ahkan organisme 'ang !apat
mempercepat proses pengomposan1 mikro%apen!egra!asi %ahan organik *misaln'a 1M9OS Bio&9ctiva# Ireen Phoskko *IP&62#Promi# OrgaDec# SuperDec# 9ctiComp# M8#
Star!ec# Star%io# BioPos# !ll(2 !anvermikompos *cacing2(
Mengga%ungkan strategi pertama !an ke!ua(
http://i4.;i)ipe4ia.org/;i)i/#ompos
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Tahapan Pem%uatanompos
Pemilahan
Penumpukan
Proses Pengomposan
Pem%alikan
Pen'iraman
Pematangan
Pemanenan kompos
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Tahapan Pengomposan
*sro>i, 2009
6 .
0 8
=
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Gn!ikator Tingkat ematangan
ompos
Dicium/!i%aui
arna kompos *coklat kehitam&hitaman2
Pen'usutan *.&8 2
Tes kantong plastik
Tes perkecam%ahan Suhu
an!ungan air kompos *==&?= 2
*sro>i, 2009
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ompos Diperka'a *G!e2
Pengaruh pem%erian kompos !iperka'a mikro%a pa!atanaman 3agung(*ket( 1 ; kontrolK S ; Stan!arK P ;
komposK PM ; kompos !iperka'a mikro%a2
Pengaruh pem%erian kompos !iperka'a mikro%a
pa!a tanaman te%u( *ket( 1 ; kontrol tanpapemupukanK S ; pemupukan stan!ar!K P ; kompostanpa mikro%aK P# DT 04# MPF ; kompos !iperka'a
!engan mikro%a2
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Pengomposan !i Gn!onesia
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/
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oo!en Bo: Binsumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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oo! an! ire Three&Bin Turning Unitsumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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Cin!er Block Binsumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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Cin!er Block Turning Unitsumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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Sno, Fence Binsumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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Iar%age Can Compostersumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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orm Composting Binsumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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Compost Moun!sumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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Compost Pocketssumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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Mulchsumber% http%//c&mi'css'cornell'edu/composting'htm
http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htmhttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composting.htm7/25/2019 Pengolahan Sampah week 3 (Composting).pptx
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*iset +,
Timbulan lumpur*+m3/bulan
$imbah kulitba&angkg/hari
Sampah organik
domestik3-kg/hari
.PA$
Proses
produksi
umahtangga
Prosespengomposa
n
$imbah ba&angmerah goreng
-- 0 3--kg/hari
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S./, P.,S,1,,1 P.1.2+2,1
Menggunakan aktivator M8
Uji pendahuluan
C, N, P, K, kadar
air, pH, suhu
Limbah
Lumpur IPAL
Sampah
organik
Limbah kulitbawang
Penentuan ariasi
tumpukan kompos
menggunakan
perhitungan
!"#hobanoglous,
$%%&'
Aktiator ()*
Pengukuran
C,N,P,K,pH,suhu, kadar
air tiap + hari
Pemalikan
tumpukan kompos
tiap + hari
Uji kualitas kompos
!C, N, P, K, kadar air,
pH, suhu'
Kontrol
Kontrol
Penambahan
aktiator ()*
! ml'
-ariasi kontrol .
SL !limbah lumpur IPAL'
S/ !sampah domestik'
01 !bawang merah goreng'
K0 !kulit bawang'
SNI $%2+3&32433*
A$ ! kg'
lumpur . sampah .
bawang goreng .kulit bawang
!* . & .$ . $'
0$ ! kg'
lumpur . sampah .
bawang goreng .kulit bawang
!% . & .$ . $'
C$ ! kg'
lumpur . sampah .
bawang goreng .kulit bawang
!$* . & .$ . $'
A$ !45 hari'
lumpur . sampah .
bawang goreng .
kulit bawang
!* . & .$ . $'
0$ !45 hari'
lumpur . sampah .
bawang goreng .
kulit bawang
!% . & .$ . $'
C$ !45 hari'
lumpur . sampah .
bawang goreng .
kulit bawang
!$* . & .$ . $'
Limbah
bawang
merah goreng
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U3i Pen!ahuluan
Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Eschericia coli,Corynebacterium sp, Streptococcus sp,
Alcaligenes sp, Flavobacterium sp,Micrococcus sp
No Parameter Lumpur
IPAL
Sampah
Domestik
Kulit
Bawang
Bawang Merah
Goreng
$ C2organik !7' 4$,5+ &,4* 4%,+5 4*,$4
4 N2total !7' 3,88 3,5% 3,8+ 3,*3
& C9N rasio &&,$* &%,83 **,* 83,&3
* K2total !7' $,85 $,4* 3,% 3,8+ P2total !7' 3,4* 3,*8 3,$ 3,44
8 Kadar air !7' 4,%& *+,%3 &4,53 4,*
+ pH 8,%% +,* 8,4 8,%5
5 "emperatur !3C' 48 45 48 4+
Bahanompos
Mikro%a !alamLumpur 9kti-
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9ktivator Lumpur 9kti-
Fisik ompos Matang
9ktivator M8
9nalisa Pen'usutan Berat ompos
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9nalisa Pen'usutan Berat ompos
SL SD B BI 9 B C
/
6/
./
0/8/
=/
?/
@/
4/
E/
1ra2k Perbandingan Penyusutan 3ompos 4atang
JM8
Lumpur 9kti-
5ariasi
Penyusutan (6
variasi berat awal (kg berat akhir (kg
pen!usutan
("
SL $, +3
S/ 4, 3
K0 4,4
01 * 43
A$ $ 53
0$ $ 53
C$ 3,+ 5
:ata2rata 8&
variasi berat awal (kg berat akhir (kg pen!usutan ("
SL 4,+ *
S/ &,4 &K0 &, &3
01 * 43
A4 4,4
04 4, 3
C4 4 83
:ata2rata *4
9ktivator M8 9ktivator Lumpur 9kti-
9 li T t
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9nalisa Temperatur
= 6 6= . .= 0.(
.=(
0(
0=(
8(
8=(
=(
==(
?(
1ra2k Temperatur Akti7ator #48
SL
SD
B
BI
96
B6
C6
9ari
Temperatur
Termo$lik
Meso$lik
Kon#isiKontrol $ariasi
SL SD KB BG A% B% &% 'ataratatemp akhir !3C' 4;&& 48;&& 48;33 48;33 4+;&& 48;&& 48;33 48;$%
temp terendah !3C' 4;33 48;&& 4;&& 4;8+ 48;&& 48;&& 4;&& 4;+8
temp tertinggi !3C' 45;33 &%;8+ *3;8+ 4%;33 3;33 ;8+ *$;8+ *3;8+
9 li T t
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9nalisa Temperatur
Meso$lik
Termo$lik
Kon#isiKontrol $ariasi
SL SD KB BG A) B) &) 'atarata
temp akhir !3C' 4;&& 4+;33 48;33 4;33 48;33 48;&& 48;&& 48;33
temp terendah !3C' 4;&& 4+;33 4;33 4;33 48;33 48;&& 48;&& 4;58
temp tertinggi !3C' 4%;8+ &8;&& &3;8+ &3;8+ *8;8+ *8;8+ $;&& &5;58
959LGS9 P TOT9L
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6 . 0 8 =(.
(0
(8
(=
(?
(@
(4
(E
1ra2k P:total Akti7ator #48
SL
SD
B
BI
96
B6
C6
4inggu
P:total (6
6 . 0 8 =(.
(0
(8
(=
(?
(@
(4
(E
6(
1ra2k P:total Akti7ator $umpur Akti;
SL
SD
BBI
9.
B.
C.
4inggu
P:total (6
959LGS9 P&TOT9L
ata&rata peningkatan ;6@#@=
ata&rata peningkatan ;6.#@.
k it l i lit M t
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ekapitulasi ualitas ompos Matang
ParameterKontrol (" $ariasi ("
SNI
%*+,-,),,.SL SD KB BG A% B% &%
C2organik !7' $$;%* 4;5+ $%;85 43;&+ $8;$& $8;*5 $&;4 %;5 2 &4
N2total !7' 3;53 3;%* 3;+* 3;*+ 3;5* 3;%8 3;5 < 3;*:asio C9N $*;%& 4+;8+= 48;+= *&;88= $%;4 $+;$* $;58 $3 2 43
P2total !7' 3;$ 3;5* 3;5$ 3;&8 3;++ 3;+$ 3;+3 < 3;$
K2total !7' 3;4& $;% 3;5 3;&+ $;&+ 3;+5 3;5 < 3;4
Kadar air !7' *8;* 8;&*= &$;%+ $;+ &;&5 &%;35 *&;34 > 3
pH +;8 +;$* +;54 8;$= +;*& +;$& +;&4 8;5 2 +;*%
"emperatur 4;&& 48;&& 48;33 48;33 4+;&& 48;&& 48;33 suhu air tanah
matang minggu ke &
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Studi iset TA
k i ik l d d h
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arakteristik Sludge dan Bahanampuran
Siti Choni 9n!riati !an ulinah Triha!iningrum# .66
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Peru%ahan asio C15
Siti Choni 9n!riati !an ulinah Triha!iningrum# .66
+ il P k i ik
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+asil Pengamatan arakteristikompos
Siti Choni 9n!riati !an ulinah Triha!iningrum# .66
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Tugas
9pa%ila !iketahui 3umlah sampah 9 se%an'ak .m0/hari( Buat rancangan !imensi komposter(
Jelaskan prose!ur pelaksanaann'a(
9sumsi1
6( asio Sampah Organik19nOrganik ; ?18
.( Pen'usutan ; 8 & ?
0( Teknik indro! Composting#Aerated Static Pile!an "ermicomposting(
. Manakah meto!e 'ang ter%aik
. Dikumpulkan tgl( 4 okto%er .6. !alam %entukso-t$le(
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T#.4A AS.9
ATAS P#9AT.A""