Post on 03-Apr-2018
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RESEARCHAND
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENTKiagus M Arsyad
Faculty Of MedicineSriwijaya University
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INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE AND RESEARCH HAS CLOSED
RELATIONSHIP,
RESEARCH IS AN EFFORT TO DEVELOPSCIENCES,
RESEARCH IN MEDICAL AND HEALTH FIELDS
HAS GOAL TO DEVELOP MEDICAL AND HEALTH
SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY
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WHY RESEARCH IS
SO IMPORTANT IN MEDICINE ?
1. Challenges in Health
problems,
2. Medical Decision, and
3. Medical Intervention
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Basic Discovery Today Provides
the Foundation for Tomorrows Medicine
Basic Research
and
Technology Development
TranslationalResearch
Clinical
Applications
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Computerized decision
support system (CDSS)
Evidence-based
Journal abstracts
Cochrane reviews
Original published
Articles in journals
The 4S organization of evidence from research
System
Synopses
Synthese
Studies
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RESEARCH EVIDENCE
CLINICAL COMPETENCY PATIENT RIGHT
CLINICAL BASED EVIDENCE
CBE
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Phases of research in Medicine
Phase 1: safety/ maximum dose
Healthy volunteers; terminal patients
Phase 2: dosis-effect relation / optimal dose
(double blind, placebo)
Usually patients
Phase 3: surplus value
Comparative tests; double blind
Phase 4: long term effects
Following of patients/users
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TO EXPLAIN
TO PREDICT
TO CHANGE
UNIVERSE
SCIENCE MISSION :
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To explain DiagnoseTo predict PrognoseTo change Treatment
To solve Medical and Health Problems
MEDICAL SCIENCES MISSION :
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NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DISEASE
Etiology
Pat.Anatomy
Pat.Physiol
Clin.MnifesOutcomeassumptions
Interventions
CLINICAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE
Defense Mechanism
pathogenesis
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LOGICAL APPROACH TO SOLVE
MEDICAL PROBLEMS
Diagnostic Process
Etiology
Pat.Anatomy
Pat.physiol.
Clin.MnifesOutcome
ELABORATE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
== Clinical examinationsANALYSE THE PATHO PHYSIOLOGY
= Functional diagnosis
ANALYSE THE PATHO-ANATOMY
= Anatomical diagnosisANALYSE THE ETIOLOGY
= Causal diagnosisESTIMATE THE THE DEFENSE MECHANISM
= Functional diagnosis
Pathogenesis vs
defense mechanisms
Sequelae
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LOGICAL APPROACH TO SOLVE
MEDICAL PROBLEMS
Medical IntervesionEtiology
Pat.anatomy
Pat.physiol.
Clin.MnifesOutcome
= Symptomatic diagnosis IDENTIFY SYMPTOMATIC THERAPY
= Functional diagnosis= Anatomical diagnosis
IDENTIFY PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE THERAPY
= Causal diagnosis IDENTIFY CAUSAL THERAPY
= Defence mechanism
IDENTIFY SUPPORTIVE THERAPY TO ENHANCE DEFENCE .MECH.
Pathogenesis vs
defense mechanisms
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Etiology
Pat.Anatomy
Pat,physiol.
Clin.MnifesOutcome
Estimate the role of etiology
Estimate the structural and functional damages
Identify the relevant intervention
Estimate the feasibility of interventionAnalyze the prognosis, for :
The pertinency of etiology probability of chronicity and recurrenceThe recovery of damages qua ad sanationumThe probability of death
qua ad vitam
Pathogenesis vs
defense mechanisms
Sequelae
LOGICAL APPROACH TO SOLVE
MEDICAL PROBLEMS
Prognostic Process
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ELECTRONE MIKROSCOPE
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MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
ANDGENETIC
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DNA AS GENETIC MATERIALk
TH Morgan,et all, gene in chromosom , its
chemical component are DNA and protein,
DNA double helix, inherited to descendant,
DNA molecul as Double Helix found byWatson and Crick as basic mechanism of
DNA replication
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DNA TEST :
1. Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR),
2. Northern Blot,
3. Southern Blot.
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MEDICAL APPLICATION
There 2 application :
1. Disease Diagnostic,
2. Human gene Therapy,
By using PCR
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DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC
1. PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS,
2. SCREENING TEST FOR NEWBORN BABBY,
3. INFECTIOUS DISEASES,
4. MALIGNANCY DISEASES
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RELATION OF PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
WITH ABORTUS
Abortus > provocatus & medicinalis
Unwanted pregnancy
Prolife & Prolife
Fetus as Object>
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TECHNIQUES FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC
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TECHNIQUES FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC
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Aplication for Medical Forensic
Indentification for crime and parenting
Methods :
Southern Blood,
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP)
Simple Tandem Repeats (STRs)
PCR.
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Aplication for Pharmacy
To produce Pharmacy products,
Product :
Hormone (insulin, HGH),
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA),
Antisense Nucleic acid,
Vaccine,
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Gene TherapyTwo Types of Gene Therapy
Ex Vivo
Donor/Recipient
CellVector
In Vivo
Recipient
CellVirus/Vector
Manipulated Cells
Expansion
of cells
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Natural Fertilization
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Zygote
Blastocyst
Morula
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ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVETECHNOLOGY
Artificial Insemination
In-Vitro Fertilizatio (IVF)
Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI).
Cloning
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ICSI TECHNIQUE
CLONING TECHNIQUE
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CLONING TECHNIQUE
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Types of Human Stem Cells
HumanEmbryonicStem Cells
(hESC)
HumanAdultStem Cells
(hASC)
Occur only in early development Occur in adult organisms
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Differentiation of human tissues
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Human Adult Stem Cell
In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow,muscle & brain, discrete population of AdultStem Cells generate replacement cells
Give the bodys ability to repair and replacethe cells and tissues of some organs
Are dispersed in tissues throughout themature organism and behave very differentlydepending on the local environment
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The Promises of Stem Cell Research
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Tumor Vaccines
Cells
Lysates
Proteins, peptides
Gene therapies Idiotypic and
anti-idiotypic
antibodies
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Blood stem cells (Hematopoietics) taken from an umbilical cord.
DCGT P d t
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DCGT Products:
Cellular Therapy
Circulation 2002;106:1913
Stem cells
Pancreatic islets
Cord blood cells
ChondrocytesLymphocytes
Macrophages
Myocytes
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Xenotransplantation
(Cells and Tissues)
Animal sourcesRecipients,
Contacts and the Public
Procure & Process
Xenotransplantation
Product
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THE RESEARCH CYCLE
RESEARCH
NEW SCIENCEAND
TECHNOLOGY
HEALTH PROBLEMS
NEW HEALTH PROBLEMS
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Overview
Molecular Medicine
Genome
Information
Individualised
healthcare
Genotyping
Haplotyping
Functional
genomics
proteomics
Individual
genomics
(SNPs and
mutations)
Gene
Expression
DNA arrays
MS, 2D ef
Disease
classification
Pharmaco-
genomics
Diagnosis
Pharmaco-
genetics
Molecular
medicine
HumanGeneticVariation
Molecular causes ofdiseases
Technologies Data Applications
BIOINFORMATICS & MEDICAL INFORMATICS
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Assignment :
Made articles concerning to :
1. PCR for crime and parenting,
2. Blood umbilical cord therapy
3. Drug made by Biomolecular technology
4. Convensional Transplantation,
5. Xenotransplantation technology
6. Cell therapy by using stem cell