Post on 15-Jan-2016
Pavement Planning from a Life Cycle Perspective
Life Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
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© 2009 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association.
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Life Cycle Assessment
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
Goal: • Make pavements more sustainable• Find the largest opportunities to reduce emissions in the
pavement life cycle?
High volume road: Route 101 in Oxnard, CA
(at Route 232 junction) 65 mph highway 3 lanes each direction + 4
shoulders Daily traffic: 139,000 (Of which trucks: 6,672)
Moderate volume road: Route 67 in Ramona, CA
(at Route 78 junction) 35 mph urban road 2 lanes in each direction +
4 shoulders Daily traffic: 23,400 (Of which trucks: 1,357)
Low volume road: Route 178 in Sequoia
National Forest 35 mph rural road 1 lane in each direction
Daily traffic: 5,200 (Of which trucks: 468)
Model Scenarios
Deflection
Roughness
Flexible Rigid0
10
20
30
40
50
GHG Emissions of High Volume Roadways(Kg CO2e)
Pavement-Vehicle Interaction
Albedo, Lane Closures, Lighting, Carbonation
Production
25-60%
80%
Concrete’s LCCA
Return on Investment – Historically
Return on Investment – Today
$36.3
$29.5 $30.5
Std FDOTConcrete
Asphalt OptimizedConcrete
Initial Cost ComparisonFDOT
Asphalt Design
Subgrade
5.5” AsphaltTy-SP
12” Limerock Base Course(LBR = 100)
0.75-1.5” Frict. Course
12” Type-B Stabilized Subgrade (LBR=40)
FDOT Concrete Design
MEDPGOptimized Concrete
23%
3%
1” Asph. Structural Layer
12.0” PCCJointed w/ Dowels
4” ATPB non-structural
12” Type-B Stabilized Subgrade (LBR=40)
Subgrade
1.5” Asph. Structural Layer
10.0” PCCJointed w/ Dowels
12” Limerock Stabilized Base
(LBR=70)
Subgrade
Initial costs for 10 miles, 2 lanes & Shoulders. Costs include Pavement, base, and subgrade stabilization materials and laborAsphalt = $85.00 / ton, Concrete CY Price = $104.62 ($94.62/CY + $10/CY for delivery)
M $
The Florida DOT Example
Mechanistic Empirical Design Pavement Guide (MEDPG) provides optimized pavement design
Slide Courtesy of Cemex, Inc.
“Perpetual Pavement”“Perpetual Payment”
91%
$41.0
$91.5
$20.1
$62.4
$236.2
$29.5 $30.3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
$63.4
$34.3
Discount Rate=8%
Concrete Rehab: Patch & diamond grind at years 30 and 45
Asphalt Rehab: 4” AC Overlay in years 14 & 28 2” Mill / 4” AC Overlay in year 42
Design – Asphalt: 6.5” AC (inc 1.5” PFC) / 12” Limerock (LBR=100) / 12” Limerock (LBR=40); Concrete: 10” JPCP / 1.5” AC / 12” Limerock (LBR=70)
Initial costs - Pavement, base, and subgrade stabilization materials and labor (Asphalt = $85.00 / ton, Concrete = $94.62 / CY)Rehabilitation - Concrete activities based on MEPDG, Asphalt Activities based on standard FDOT StandardsCurrent year costs for asphalt are inflated at 5.9% and concrete at 4%Rehab costs also include other Incidental Costs (striping, mob, etc) - Assumed to be 40% of Material Costs and Traffic Control - 5% of
material cost, Engineering & Inspection - 5% of material cost
Nominal Expenditures by Pavement Type for 10 Miles Total Cost Net Present Value
Concrete
Asphalt
ASPHALT’S HISTORICAL 5.9% INFLATION GREATLY INCREASES THE ASPHALT COST OF OWNERSHIP
M $
M $
Asphalt is 84% more expensive when using historical inflation ratesAsphalt is 84% more expensive when using historical inflation ratesyear
84%84%
$32.6
$57.8
$118.7
$210.6
$20.1
$62.4
$373.7
$29.5 $30.3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
$86.5
$34.3
Discount Rate=8%
Concrete Rehab: Patch &diamond grind at years 30 and 45
Asphalt Rehab: 4” AC Overlay in years 10 & 20 2” Mill / 4” AC Overlay in years 30, 40, and 50
Design – Asphalt: 6.5” AC (inc 1.5” PFC) / 12” Limerock (LBR=100) / 12” Limerock (LBR=40); Concrete: 10” JPCP / 1.5” AC / 12” Limerock (LBR=70)
Initial costs - Pavement, base, and subgrade stabilization materials and labor (Asphalt = $85.00 / ton, Concrete = $94.62 / CY)Rehabilitation - Concrete activities based on MEPDG, Asphalt Activities based on 2003 FDOT Pavement management records for
interstates.Current year costs are inflated at 4%Rehab costs also include other Incidental Costs (striping, mob, etc) - Assumed to be 40% of Material Costs and Traffic Control - 5% of
material cost, Engineering & Inspection - 5% of material cost
Nominal Expenditures by Pavement Type for 10 Miles Total Cost Net Present Value
Concrete
Asphalt
ACTUAL 10 YEAR ASPHALT REHABILITATION SCHEDULES AND HISTORICAL 5.9% INFLATION ARE COMBINED
M $
M $
Using FDOT history and historical inflation, asphalt’s is 152% more than concreteUsing FDOT history and historical inflation, asphalt’s is 152% more than concrete
year
152%152%
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
20
10
20
15
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
35
20
40
20
45
20
50
20
55
20
59
Miles of Roadway
Lane
Mile
s
End Lane Miles
= 8,316Trad. Concrete
= 5,849Asphalt
= 9,425MEPDG Concrete
221%
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