Post on 01-Apr-2018
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazione
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazione
Panel P07 Panel P07 -- 3G to 4G: towards full 3G to 4G: towards full mobility IP servicesmobility IP services
Organizer: Organizer: Maurizio Decina Maurizio Decina (Politecnico di Milano)(Politecnico di Milano)
Panelists:Panelists:JeanJean--Pierre Bienaime Pierre Bienaime (Orange, Chairman UMTS Forum) (Orange, Chairman UMTS Forum)
Ni l J ff i Ni l J ff i (V d f n Ch i m n WWR F m) (V d f n Ch i m n WWR F m) Nigel Jefferies Nigel Jefferies (Vodafone, Chairman WWR Forum) (Vodafone, Chairman WWR Forum) Peter Meissner Peter Meissner (Operating Officer, NGMN Alliance)(Operating Officer, NGMN Alliance)
Luis M. Correia Luis M. Correia (Technical University Lisbon)(Technical University Lisbon)Luis M. Correia Luis M. Correia (Technical University Lisbon)(Technical University Lisbon)Adam Wolisz Adam Wolisz (Technical University Berlin)(Technical University Berlin)
ICC 2009, Dresden, 17 June 2009ICC 2009, Dresden, 17 June 2009
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneThe Internet of the FutureThe Internet of the Future
Source DFKI, 2007
Web Web ServicesServicesSocial NetworksSocial NetworksSocial NetworksSocial NetworksInternet of Things (M2M)Internet of Things (M2M)SemanticSemantic Web Web
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009-- 22 --
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneInternet of Things & Internet of Things &
ContextContext AwareAware ApplicationsApplicationsContextContext--AwareAware ApplicationsApplications
WirelessSensingWirelessSensing Location
M tLocation
M tD tD t D tD tLocation Aggregation
VisonSensingVison
SensingRFID SensingRFID Sensing
ManagementService
ManagementService
DataAssociation
DataAssociation
DataFusionDataFusion
DataAssociation
DataAssociation
DataFusionDataFusion
SensingSensingPressure Sensing
Pressure Sensing
TemperatureSensing
TemperatureSensing
ContextManagement
Service
ContextManagement
Service
Context Aggregation
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009-- 33 --
gg
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneFiberFiber Communications Towards Communications Towards
10 Gbit/s10 Gbit/sRadio Access Network Backhauling
10 Gbit/s10 Gbit/sg
802.11802.16LTE
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009-- 44 --
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneWireless Wireless CommunicationsCommunications
TowardsTowards 1 Gbit/s1 Gbit/sTowardsTowards 1 Gbit/s1 Gbit/s
UltraWideBandUltraWideBand802.15.3802.15.3BluetoothBluetooth
802.15.1802.15.1ZigBeeZigBee
802.15.4802.15.4CABLECABLE
REPLACEMENTREPLACEMENT WPANWPAN
HOME, OFFICEHOME, OFFICEPUBLIC ACCESSPUBLIC ACCESS
gege
WLANWLAN WiWi--FiFi802.11b802.11b 802.11a/g/n/ac/ad 802.11a/g/n/ac/ad
LIMITE
LIMITEM
oM
o
CITY,CITY,SUBURBSSUBURBS
COUNTRYCOUNTRY
Rang
Rang WMANWMAN WiMAXWiMAX
802.16a/e/m802.16a/e/m
EDED obilityobility
UMTSUMTSEDGEEDGEGPRSGPRSGSMGSMCOUNTRY,COUNTRY,
REGIONREGIONWIDEWIDE
EDEDEDEDWANWAN
FULL
FULLLTE/LTELTE/LTE--AAHSPAHSPA
10 kbit/s10 kbit/s 100 kbit/s100 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s1 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s100 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s1 Gbit/s1 kbit/s1 kbit/s
Bit RateBit Rate
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009-- 55 --
Source: Dècina, 2008
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneFixedFixed & & MobileTrafficMobileTraffic GrowthGrowth
5 bn people connectedby 2015
• Mobile complexity grows• Broadband is going to be
bi itby 2015 ubiquitous• Internet of things
Source: NSN, 2009
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano -- 66 -- Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneMobile Internet Traffic GrowthMobile Internet Traffic Growth
2,500,000131% CAGR 2008 - 2013
66 fold growth between 2008 and 2013
2,000,000
TB/m
o DataP2PVideoAudio
1,500,000Audio
500,000
1,000,000
0
500,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20132008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
A 1 GB/month data user consumes the same backhaul bandwidth as 36 voice users (250 MoU)
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index – Forecast, 2008-2013( )
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano -- 77 -- Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneApplicationApplication storestore approachapproach
All smartphone vendors have deployed a virtual shop for applications
Single point of contact between SW developers and users Single point of contact between SW developers and users
Normal revenue splitting: 30% Smartphone supplier, 70% SW developer.
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano -- 88 -- Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneMobile Mobile Operator Operator ChallengesChallengespp ggDelivering 66 fold increase in capacity
A il bl M1000
Average
Available MacroCapacity
100
Grow
th
AverageMacro CellEfficiency
10
G
Available Spectrum
11990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Future Networks supporting the Mobile Internet will need to l l i t t l t ll ll
1990 1995 2000 2005 5Source: Agilent, 2008
seamlessly integrate a lot more smaller cells©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano -- 99 -- Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneSpectrumSpectrum beyondbeyond 20122012pp yy
3G (1 9 GH )High
Frequency Propagation Current apps
3G (1.9 GHz)~ 160 M€/MHz
WiMax (3 5 GHz)ANALOGUE TV
FM Radio
Digital SpectrumDividend
EU 790 862 MH ?
WiMax (3.5 GHz)~ 70 k€/MHz
Analogue TV (800 EU 790-862 MHz?Analogue TV (800 MHz)
~ 80 M€/MHz? refarming
refarmingAverage Licensing Fees in
IMT-20002,690 Mhz
Europe (FR-I-ES-DE-UK)
ISM
LowSource: Dècina 2008
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009-- 1010 --
LowSource: Dècina, 2008
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazioneCarrierCarrier Ethernet Mobile Ethernet Mobile
BackhaulBackhaulBackhaulBackhaul
Parameter Mobile specifications
MEF specifications
TDM specifications
Delay < 5 ms <25 ms <100 msJitter 1 ms < 10 ms <3.2 ms
Availability 99.999% < 5.3 min./year
99.95%< 263 min./year
99.999% < 5.3 min./year
Current performance objectives in Ethernet & TDM/Mobile Networks
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009-- 1111 --
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazione3G/HSDPA 3G/HSDPA FemtocellsFemtocells
3G/HSPA Macro
• The broadband access lines used for Femtocells backhauling
What?
Macro Network
for Femtocells backhauling enable a strong capacity increase (per surface unit) of the mobile network
• It is possible to assign a “dedicated cell” to each user‐ Femtocells 3G/HSPA
• Low investments in Opex and C f b kh li
Why?
DSL & FTTxDSL & FTTx
Capex for backhauling• Improved efficiency in the
bandwidth useLower client acquirement costsDSL & FTTx
Access NetworkInternet Femtocell
• Lower client acquirement costs• Churn reduction• Integration with fixed-network
services (like HDTV)services (like HDTV)
©2009 DEI©2009 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano -- 1212 -- Maurizio Dècina, Panel 3GMaurizio Dècina, Panel 3G--4G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 20094G, ICC'09, Dresden, June 2009
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazione
DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica
IInformazionenformazione
Panel P07 Panel P07 -- 3G to 4G: towards full 3G to 4G: towards full mobility IP servicesmobility IP services
Organizer: Organizer: Maurizio Decina Maurizio Decina (Politecnico di Milano)(Politecnico di Milano)
Panelists:Panelists:JeanJean--Pierre Bienaime Pierre Bienaime (Orange, Chairman UMTS Forum) (Orange, Chairman UMTS Forum)
Ni l J ff i Ni l J ff i (V d f n Ch i m n WWR F m) (V d f n Ch i m n WWR F m) Nigel Jefferies Nigel Jefferies (Vodafone, Chairman WWR Forum) (Vodafone, Chairman WWR Forum) Peter Meissner Peter Meissner (Operating Officer, NGMN Alliance)(Operating Officer, NGMN Alliance)
Luis M. Correia Luis M. Correia (Technical University Lisbon)(Technical University Lisbon)Luis M. Correia Luis M. Correia (Technical University Lisbon)(Technical University Lisbon)Adam Wolisz Adam Wolisz (Technical University Berlin)(Technical University Berlin)
ICC 2009, Dresden, 17 June 2009ICC 2009, Dresden, 17 June 2009
LTE Mobile Broadband Ecosystem: the Global Opportunity
UMTS F R t #42UMTS Forum Report #42
Jean Pierre BienaiméJean-Pierre BienaiméChairman, UMTS Forum
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
UMTS Forum 2009 key focus areasy
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
3G/UMTS mobile broadband: a global mass market3G/UMTS mobile broadband: a global mass market
• Almost 500m 3G subscribers (UMTS + EVDO) worldwide• Almost 500m 3G subscribers (UMTS + EVDO) worldwide
• Around 380m UMTS/WCDMA subs, including approx. 130m HSPA subs
• Over 3 times as many UMTS/WCDMA subscribers as CDMA2000 EV-DO
• Over 280 WCDMA networks in 115+ countries (inc. 135+ in Europe)...
• ...and around 260+ HSDPA networks in 100+ countries
• Over 75 HSUPA networks launched, plus 130 operator commitments , p p
• Over 1100 3G/UMTS/HSDPA devices
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
IntroductionWhat is Long Term Evolution/System Architecture Evolution (LTE)?• an evolution of the current 3GPP 3G wireless network standards encompassing thean evolution of the current 3GPP 3G wireless network standards, encompassing the core network, radio assess network and services architecture
Why is it important?d i d f ll IP ffi• designed for all-IP traffic
• supports a flatter network architecture with reduced RNC layer• more cost effective network - reduced long term capex and opex• flexible channel bandwidth requirementflexible channel bandwidth requirement • enables higher performance, lower latency services • wide industry support to build the essential evolving ecosystem • natural evolution path from UMTS (WCDMA and HSPA/ HSPA+)
t d bl th f d i b i d l• supports and enables the emergence of dynamic new business models• LTE will dominate the global market for mobile broadband in the next few years.
The report explores key parameters and success factors, the level of readiness of the industry, and provides recommendations for successful LTE deployment
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
The scope of the ecosystem• LTE will be characterised by a complex, healthy ecosystem developed by a collaborative industry• LTE will see the emergence of dynamic new business models not hitherto
p y
• LTE will see the emergence of dynamic new business models not hitherto experienced in the mobile space
Business and general consumer marketsMomentum group
Enterprise VPN
Vertical-specific applications
Rich voice, VoIP. cct switch support
Media access and internet TV
Foundation group
Operators
Standards bodies
Enabler group
Internet-based applications
Home / consumer electronics
Gaming
Broadcast mobile TV
User device vendors
Infrastructure suppliers
Service / content providers
Regulator
Industry bodies
Transport and logistics
Machine to machine apps
Improved mobile broadband
Complements existing services
Chipset manufacturers
App’ns software developers
Test equipment manufacturers
The ecosystem will support new vertical and horizontal markets
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
The breadth and depth of the ecosystem• Non-voice mobile services will be increasingly important:
• Evolution from ‘traditional’ mobile network ecosystem to incorporate internet applications, new services devices and content delivery mechanisms
p y
new services, devices and content delivery mechanisms• Wider and deeper ecosystem than for any previous mobile technology
• Complexity and size brings challenge for LTE: relationships and dependencies which have to work effectively for the full opportunities for LTE to be realisedy pp
The ecosystem for each mobile generation has increased in breadth and scope
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
LTE: enabled services• Mobile data applications will drive LTE • Voice will remain the leading revenue generator for some time – but solutions for the handling voice
services over LTE are under consideration and in trial and will depend on operators’ strategies to p p gretain and protect current voice revenues
• Video services will enjoy the greatest benefits from LTE, but faces competition
20%
40%
60%
80%
20%
40%
60%
80%
from Wi-Fi access, which in turn will also influence the operator strategy for in-building and hot-spot femtocelldeployment.
0%
20%
TV device 63% 58% 33% 32% 27% 17% 10%
Hollywoodfilm
TVprogramme
Sport Homemovie
Musicvideo
Adult Short clips
0%
20%
TV device 63% 58% 33% 32% 27% 17% 10%
Hollywoodfilm
TVprogramme
Sport Homemovie
Musicvideo
Adult Short clips
• Real time/ interactive services: Network storage will become a commodity; social networking and mobile gaming will become more popular.
PC 47% 43% 27% 28% 32% 19% 18%
PMP 17% 16% 11% 10% 20% 6% 9%
Mobile phone 9% 13% 11% 7% 15% 5% 9%
PC 47% 43% 27% 28% 32% 19% 18%
PMP 17% 16% 11% 10% 20% 6% 9%
Mobile phone 9% 13% 11% 7% 15% 5% 9%
Video Content and devices preferences Source: Ovum
• Location based services will raise the possibility of new business models that can alleviate the ARPU decline.
• Machine to machine traffic is not foreseen to be a driver for LTE launch, but is perceived as a long-term strategic market opportunity for LTE
p p
Many existing services will be enhanced by LTE; plus new service opportunities
term strategic market opportunity for LTE.
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
LTE: options for voicep• Multi-mode devices continue to have in-built 2G and 3G RAN capability
– necessary capability in devices to allow roaming and coverage until LTE is the norm– will require sustainment of these networks, with consequent opex and capex implicationswill require sustainment of these networks, with consequent opex and capex implications
• Voice over LTE via generic access - VoLGA Forum - specifications for enabling delivery of voice services over LTE access networks
– good for LTE network operators with GSM or UMTS networks– mobile voice and messaging services over LTE access networks; – VoIP voice calls and SMS data originated over the LTE radio interface routed and handled by
associated GSM or UMTS core networks. – allows GSM network (and, in time, the UMTS network) to be gradually run down as users ( , , ) g y
migrate to LTE networks, enabling operators to benefit from earlier opex cost savings• Other technical solutions can be foreseen, such as Circuit Switched Fallback (a voice
call handed over from the LTE network to the 2G or 3G network) or Voice over IMSV IP b db d ( t i l d d i th LTE t d d )• VoIP over broadband (support included in the LTE standards)
– operator’s decision whether or not to implement or allow VoIP on its LTE network. – but voice is still major revenue generator for operators and service providers– push for internet-based VoIP will come from those LTE operators which do not have
Recommendations to be finalised within the 3GPP
p pcomplementary 2G or 3G networks and from third party VoIP services, such as Skype.
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
LTE: video services• LTE high capacity, high speed and low latency network supports video
- capabilities are already being embedded in HSPA personal media players and video handset devices, priming the LTE market, which will encourage the LTE market
• Streaming video services - cache and play - minimises the impact of a poor network connection, as do some IPTV with download to local drive. Increasingly popular for mobile broadband users.• Live video service requires high network speed and low latency and users expect• Live video service requires high network speed and low latency and users expect performance.
- because of the bandwidth required operators prefer to offer live video as a broadcast service• Mobile-TV will include both streaming and live video servicesg
- no major demand currently, but end user survey indicates latent demand- success of mobile-TV will depend on the operator’s business model with content providers- mobile broadcasting technology (e.g. MediaFlo, DVB-H, DVB-SH, MBMS, IMB [Integrated Mobile Broadcast] ) will depend on region and is still to find real traction May require aMobile Broadcast],...) will depend on region – and is still to find real traction. May require a dedicated overlay network, but the business case is challenging. - Unicast and internet-based TV and media will become extremely popular, stimulated by user expectations of fixed network broadband internet access over HSPA, HSPA+ and LTE.
Vid i bil d i ith Wi Fi t bli h d i kl i 2007 O f d• Video access via mobile device with Wi-Fi established quickly since 2007. Ovum found that 89% of users who use their mobile phone to access online video did so using their mobile network, and 20% accessed the service via a Wi-Fi connection.
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Other LTE enabled services• Internet / Web 2.0: Corporate VPN access; content formatted for mobile broadband; transaction services; personalised content; targeted marketing • Navigation: Location-based content; presence/location information*; location-based push-marketing; in-transit travel updates; fleet monitoring*; logistics control*; health and safety (driving time)*; public transport – in fleet services*; road tolling*; emergency service command and controlservice command and control • Utilities: Live relay*; telemetry*• Financial: Online banking; integrated NFC; transaction services• Health: Clinical records; remote diagnostics and monitoring; national and internationalHealth: Clinical records; remote diagnostics and monitoring; national and international coverage• Journalism: high speed/ low latency news gathering – on site reports• Storage, security and control: field workforce backup; security/CCTV (HD); store and g , y p; y ( );forward video• Other: remote office working; push to talk – voice and video; remote polling
•* Machine to machine applications
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
LTE roadmapsp• Chipsets: Initial focus on dual mode LTE/HSPA+ or LTE/EVDO; data-only; 2x2 MIMO; FDD (2008); TDD (2009); standard-compliant in 2010
D i I iti l f d t l (USB d t d) b dd d (l t t b k• Devices: Initial focus on data-only (USB, datacard); embedded (laptops, notebooks, PDAs…) (2010); handhelds (2011-12); consumer electronics (later)• Infrastructure: Demos (2008), Trials (2009), Commercial (2010…)
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Drivers for LTE
• Mobile data usage growth - iPhone and similar • Network efficiency: spectral efficiency and cost per bit• Network efficiency: spectral efficiency and cost per bit• Improved user experience: lower latency and higher
throughputs• Operator support Lots of operators have madeOperator support. Lots of operators have made
commitments during 2008 and 2009• Multi-access Evolved Packet Core (EPC)• Vendor community support
Compelling support fory pp
• Clear standards roadmap through 3GPP Rel 8 to Rel 9 • Regulation and availability of new spectrum• Industry alignment and strong momentum - NGMN
support for LTE
y g gand LSTI
• Business model evolution and new revenue sources• New services and web-based applications – greater
video orientation.
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Barriers and risks for LTE
• Economic downturn and uncertainty of investment $s will impact the ecosystem speed and depthimpact the ecosystem speed and depth
• Investment cost vs sustaining legacy technology influence operator LTE rollout plans
• Network transition plans vary, impacting volume production economies
• End-user device availability. Initial device focus will be USB dongles, mass market devices will come later
• IPR effects on dual and multi-mode devices
Challenges need attention, but are being
IPR effects on dual and multi mode devices• Early chipset / device compatibilities issues (pre-standard
equipment)• Standardisation in 3GPP Rel 9 to be completed
addressed: no insurmountable
LTE barriers• Some interoperability of standards issues• Regulation uncertainties: roaming difficulties if spectrum is not
aligned among different regions• Security and privacy in IP networksSecurity and privacy in IP networks.• There will always be new disruptive technologies
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Service requirements vary by marketq y y• National market needs (as well as more narrow segments) will need to be understood by device vendors, application developer and service providers – there is not a homogeneous world markethomogeneous world market
8
Relative preference level
8
Relative preference level
• General Internet services: email; web browsing; search; blogs and social n/w
6
7
6
7
• Media services: music and video streaming; mobile TV and video calls
4
5
4
5
• New/other services: online shopping; gaming, betting and gambling; business use 2
3
l i h2
3
l i hgambling; business use (e.g. VPN)
France Germany Italy Spain UK Japan SouthKorea
US
General Internet services Media services New / Other services Future increase
France Germany Italy Spain UK Japan SouthKorea
US
General Internet servicesGeneral Internet services Media servicesMedia services New / Other servicesNew / Other services Future increaseFuture increase
Source: Ovum Derived from report end-user survey
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
End user survey: no killer appy pp• National market needs (as well as more narrow segments) will need to be understood by device vendors, application developer and service providers – there is not a homogeneous world markethomogeneous world market
• With an improved mobile broadband experience end
General online browsing
Information searching
General online browsing
Information searching
broadband experience, end users expect to:– to do more of the same– use mobile bb as they do their fixed
serviceMusic downloading
Music streaming
Online shopping
Social networking
Music downloading
Music streaming
Online shopping
Social networking
service– take advantage of the provision of
their SP’s applications an services
• Mobile TV, video-calls and video downloading are the
Online gaming
Video downloading
Business use (e.g. VPN)
Video streaming
Online gaming
Video downloading
Business use (e.g. VPN)
Video streaming
video downloading are the top 3 services with the highest growth – all bandwidth demanding will Online betting / gambling
Mobile blogging
Video call
Mobile TV
Online betting / gambling
Mobile blogging
Video call
Mobile TV
increase
Source: Ovum
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Current preferred level Expected future increase Relative preference l2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Current preferred level Expected future increase Relative preference l
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
End user interest in mobility servicesy
Relative preference levelRelative preference level
Strong interest:Real time data back p e g
7
8
7
8
• Real-time data backup: e.g. upload photos/videos
• Real-time information update: e g traffic update
66
update: e.g. traffic update on GPS navigation devices,
• Mobile e-commerce: e.g. mobile cash point and
55
mobile payments4
France Germany Italy Spain UK Japan SouthKorea
US
Real-time data backup Real-time information update Mobile e-commerce
4France Germany Italy Spain UK Japan South
KoreaUS
Real-time data backup Real-time information update Mobile e-commerce
Source: Ovum Interest in new services and applications, by country
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
End user preference for LTE enabled devicesp
Laptop
• Laptops (including netbooks) are
Di it l
Car
GPS navigation device
Laptop
understandably top priority• GPS navigation devices, in-
car systems (e.g. traffic update or information
Digital billboard
Desktop PC
Digital camera
update or information update) indicates opportunity for transport related services Home entertainment device
Mobile TV device
Cam recorder
• TV-specific devices scored quite low
Home gaming console
Handheld gaming console
Online connected photo frame
Source: Ovum5 6 7 8
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
End user mixed device preferencepPreferences for embedded mobile gaming
15%5% Depends on other factors 15%5% Depends on other factors 11% No need for a netbook device
Preferences for mobile netbook device
28%
51%
Game console without mobilebroadband
Game console with mobilebroadband
Cellular phone 28%
51%
Game console without mobilebroadband
Game console with mobilebroadband
Cellular phone 54%
35%
Separate mobile phone/device andnetbook device
All-in-one phone/device which may28%
Total
*Other factors include game type and user location
28%
Total
*Other factors include game type and user location
Total
p ybe used as a netbook
Preference for separate mobile phone and video/music device
12%7%
1% Choice depends on other factors12%7%
1% Choice depends on other factors
Preference for mobile TV capability
20%1% Choice depends on other factors 20%1% Choice depends on other factors
54%
25%Separate mobile phone and video/music devicewithout mobile broadband support No need for a mobile video/music device
Separate mobile phone and video/music devicewith mobile broadband support
54%
25%Separate mobile phone and video/music devicewithout mobile broadband support No need for a mobile video/music device
Separate mobile phone and video/music devicewith mobile broadband support 49%
30% No need for a mobile TV device
Preference to have separate mobile phone and TVdevices
Preference to watch mobile TV on all in one49%
30% No need for a mobile TV device
Preference to have separate mobile phone and TVdevices
Preference to watch mobile TV on all in one
Total
with mobile broadband support All-in-one device with embedded video/music
*Other factors include user location
Total
with mobile broadband support All-in-one device with embedded video/music
*Other factors include user location
Total
Preference to watch mobile TV on all-in-onephone/device
*Other factors include device size, large and clear screen and user locationTotal
Preference to watch mobile TV on all-in-onephone/device
*Other factors include device size, large and clear screen and user location
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Source: Ovum
Speed of end user transition
• Strong latent need for mobile broadband will stimulate interest at ll l l f th l h i i t id t
p
all levels of the value chain encouraging to rapid ecosystem development
• Could lead to in-building coverage, e.g. with LTE femtocells; metro g g gfemtocells; UMA devices
• Of current and active 3G users:28% currently use mobile broadband exclusively as their• 28% currently use mobile broadband exclusively as their consumer broadband service
• … this will rise to 43% within 1 year after LTE introduction • … and to 51% within 3 years after LTE introduction
• Other users will use both fixed and mobile broadband services
Adoption of higher speed broadband is seen as a compelling option
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Regional deployment strategies will vary (1) • USA: Verizon Wireless and AT&T, have declared their support of LTE. Both hold
nationwide 700 MHz spectrum allowing wider area coverage outside major cities, and deployment of LTE on existing sites as an overlay mobile broadband network.
g p y g y ( )
deployment of LTE on existing sites as an overlay mobile broadband network. The first commercial deployment planned for 2H 2010.
• Western Europe: the largest GSM/UMTS market in the world – LTE provides a natural upgrade path for operators.pg p pComplex spectrum situation, with auctions for 2.6 GHz spectrum, the allocation of the digital dividend spectrum, and spectrum re-farming (e.g. 900 MHz ) will all impact LTE.Sweden and Norway have awarded 2.6 GHz spectrum (may be used for LTE) and y p ( y )Finland award frequencies in the 1800 MHz for LTE networks. Other countries’ decisions on award timing and spectrum alignment plans will determine the roll out speed and scale of developing LTE networks.Fi t i l LTE d l t i th i t d i 2010 T li S iFirst commercial LTE deployments in the region are expected in 2010: TeliaSonera in Oslo and Stockholm; Tele2 and Telenor plan to build a joint LTE network in Sweden, with commercial launch “end of 2010, or when compatible mobile devices come on the market”.market .Other operators will follow and LTE networks will spread across Western Europe during 2011–12.
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Regional deployment strategies will vary (2) • China: China Mobile (to deploy TD-SCDMA, the Chinese 3G standard), China Telecom (CDMA2000)
and China Unicom (WCDMA) are all deploying 3G. China Mobile actively involved in LTE trials with pre commercial LTE TDD network in China covering
g p y g y ( )
China Mobile actively involved in LTE trials with pre-commercial LTE-TDD network in China covering multiple major cities from the Q2 2010, but commercial availability not announced. China Telecom is expected to choose LTE FDD as a future technologyChinese operators will have a significant advantage in that they are able to plan their LTE network as p g g y pthey deploy their 3G networks, which could allow LTE in China to be rolled out very quickly, with the 2.3 GHz TDD band being the initial focus.
• Japan: NTT DoCoMo is a very active and has chosen LTE for its network upgrade strategy, which will start in 2010 using existing 3G spectrum bands for LTE (2.1 GHz FDD) g g p ( )Roll out speed will be determined demand for high speed data services in Japan (as demonstrated when NTT DoCoMo rapidly rolled out its HSPA network nationwide). NTT DoCoMo, KDDI, Softbank and eMobile have all expressed interest in LTE, and KDDI and Softbank Mobile having announced that they would deploy LTE in late 2010 or early 2011Softbank Mobile having announced that they would deploy LTE in late 2010 or early 2011.
• Korea: LTE faces competition from WiMAX (WiBro) which was launched in South Korea in 2006 and the main Korean operators are expected to continue to expand their WiMAX investments with backing from the Korean governmentAlthough no clear roadmap which shows a preference for LTE, it is expected that both WiMAX and LTE will be deployed in South Korea, with the first commercial LTE deployment in South Korea is expected in 2011.
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Recommendations (1) The whole industry• Focus on interoperability between pre-standard networks and devices for early
d t
( )
adopters. • Consider high profile targets for some early deployments. E.g. 2012 Olympics
in London • Assess the wide implications of IPR licensing beyond the scope of LTE. • Be aware that country and regional requirements will vary considerablyOperators• Need to commit realistically to their LTE/SAE rollout strategies to encourage
volumes of scale• Identify the long term business case, which the lower operating costs of y g , p g
LTE/SAE and business transformation opportunities will support• Focus on the user mobile broadband quality of experience (No killer
applications for LTE). pp )
The industry has learned lessons from the challenges of 3G introduction
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Recommendations (2) Systems vendors• Partnerships to develop system-level ecosystems helps bring products to market and to
ride the economic climate
( )
ride the economic climate.• Develop / support high level business cases with customised scenarios to demonstrate
the advantages of LTE/SAE (e.g. evolution from all stages of the 3GPP/UMTS family, as well as leap-frog scenarios, missing HSPA/HSPA+).
D i dDevice vendors• Touch screen, high functionality devices to access services. • Ensure that their in-house capabilities or partnerships can deliver flexible new products
with short lead times.with short lead times.Governments and Regulators• Regulators need to coordinate and align the release of spectrum for LTE, fundamental
factor to support international roaming and create economies of scale.• Governments and regulators should consider the national economic benefits of wide-
scale LTE/SAE deployment , providing broadband services into areas poorly served by fixed networks, and balance these benefits against the fees expected from spectrum auction or allocation.
Considerable commitment and coordination across the industry with most leading mobile operators planning to deploy LTE
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Thank you
www.umts-forum.org
ICC2009, Dresden17 June 2009
Next Generation Mobile Networks -Opport nities and ChallengesOpportunities and Challenges
Dr. Peter MeissnerOperating Officer, NGMN Alliance
ICC 2009, Panel P07“3G to 4G – towards full mobility IP services”
Dresden, 17.6.2009
Mobile Data Usage is already rapidly i iincreasing
World-wide 3G Penetration Growth Data traffic increase tenfold within 12 month
Tenfold year-on-year y yWCDMA/HSPA increase in 2007
39% data revenue growth from 2008 to 2009
iPhone Data Usage (E )
HSPA traffic growth up to 8x over last 12 month
290% traffic volume increase140% revenue increase200%
Devices drive data adoption – iPhone, Android subscribers with >15x times more data usage
St th f d t d b dd d
(Europe)
100%
200%
affic
1)
Strong growth for data cards, embedded laptop devices expected (35 Mio. units shipped world-wide in 2008)
Challenge for existing networks to cope with20%
100%
Dat
a tra
Average handset data usage
Challenge for existing networks to cope with rising data traffic – cost, capacity, coverage
Source: Oliver Wyman 2008, Motorola, Juniper, T-Mobile, ABI, NGMN 1) in MB normalized to iPhone 2G usage2
Nokia N95(HSPA)
iPhone (EDGE)
iPhone 3G (HSPA)
…but key Challenges for a successful Introduction exist
Mobile operator
Traffic and Revenue Challenge Key Requirements
Voice Dominant
TrafficMobile operatorrevenue & trafficde-coupled
User Experience Development of key enablers for mass market successmass market success
Devices & Applications Utilization of all assets to generate
Revenues
Data Dominant “Flat Rates”
Utilization of all assets to generate additional revenues
Network ArchitectureData Dominant Flat Rates
Time
Network Architecture Significant reduction of cost per bit
3
Broadband provides new Revenue O t itiOpportunities
Entertainment Enterprise Applications Location Services
Mobile ConferencingSearch Engines with Location Information – Geo-Tagging
Advertising
Games
Communities, Social NetworkingUnified Communications
Secure Data Access
Downloads
gg gTraffic Information
Personal Navigation
Near Field CommunicationAdvertising Downloads Near Field Communication
Mobile Web Advertising Music, Video download
S ft G d t A li ti
E-Tickets e.g. for Trains, Planes
Payment authenticated by UserPotentially targeted or Location-based Advertising
Software Gadgets, Applications Payment authenticated by User SIM Card
4
New Devices and Chipsets emergep gpm
ent
Bluetooth® + FM
Integration of logic, SRAM, analog/PM
and RF Cost Reduction
set D
evel
op
Wireless LAN
Bluetooth FM Single Chip
Size and Power Reduction
Chi
ps GPS Single Chip
eCosto™ Single ChipMulti-radio Integration
lopm
ent
vice
Dev
elD
e
Source: TI, NGMN 5
Convergence of Wireless Technologies iti S l Eff tensures positive Scale Effects
Convergence of WirelessTechnologies
Scale Effects
Larger economies of scaleUMB
Better global roaming support3GPP
LTE/SAE HSPA
UMB
More flexible spectrum usage
IEEE 802.16e
IMT -Advanced
IEEE802.16m
Reduced chipset complexity
More flexible spectrum usage
Reduced standardization complexityEV-DO
6
Next Generation Technologies enable a Step Change in Cost/Performance Ratio p gand User Experience
> 100* 220RTT Latency in ms
True Broadband Super Quick Lower Cost/BitPeak DL in Mbit/s
> 100
14 4
185
14060
220
NGMNEDGE
0.2
UMTS
0.4
HSxPA
14.4
GPRS
< 0.1
60
< 20
NGMNEDGE UMTS HSxPAGPRS NGMNEDGE UMTS HSxPAGPRSNGMNEDGE UMTS HSxPAGPRS NGMNEDGE UMTS HSxPAGPRS NGMNEDGE UMTS HSxPAG S
High throughput to accelerate Internet Access (e.g. download of Emails, Music, Video, Information)
d t bl Vid T l h
Low latency to enable games, interactive multimedia services, web-browsing
Simplified architecture, higher spectral efficiency, asset-reuse to provide a lean cost b f i d li
*) with 20MHz Channel Bandwidth
and to enable Video Telephony, Multi Media Broadband
base for service delivery
7
NGMN Alliance – an Introduction
Goals NGMN Alliance Characteristics NGMN Alliance
Articulates requirements for future mobile BB networks, services & devicesIs business driven with a strong focus on end-to-end requirements
Articulates requirements for future mobile BB networks, services & devicesIs business driven with a strong focus on end-to-end requirements
Attractive Services, Applications, Devices on end to end requirements
Drives customer & service centric innovationMinimises fragmentation of technologies
on end to end requirementsDrives customer & service centric innovationMinimises fragmentation of technologies Viable Ecosystem –& maximises economies of scalePromotes the adoption of next generation technologies by the industryCollates and ses the e perience and
& maximises economies of scalePromotes the adoption of next generation technologies by the industryCollates and ses the e perience and
Spectrum, IPR, Operational Efficiency
Collates and uses the experience and expertise of its partners to develop a viable ecosystemDoes not develop standards!
Collates and uses the experience and expertise of its partners to develop a viable ecosystemDoes not develop standards!
Next Generation Technology Roadmap
8
Global PartnershipG oba a t e s p
Members: 19 worldwide leading mobile operators
More than 50% of
S 35 ld id l di t h l d
world wide subscribers
Sponsors: 35 worldwide leading technology vendors
More than 90% f90% of
worldwide equipment
Advisors: 3 universities / research institutesAdvisors: 3 universities / research institutes
9Status:5.5.2009
Major Milestones have been reached…Major Milestones have been reached…
Operator requirements (NGMN White Paper) accepted by all NGMN partnersFlat Architecture of All-IP Network accepted by Standards BodiesTechnology evaluation and Gap analysis performedol
ogy
Technology evaluation and Gap analysis performedLTE /SAE approved as first technology which broadly meets NGMN requirementsTrial framework established – system performance shown in drive tests
Tech
no
IPR transparency achieved on LTE/SAE and WimaxNGMN Spectrum requirements went into ITU WRC-07 & prepared for WRC-11m
erci
als
Exceptional user experience as key requirement postulateds
Co-operations established with key industry fora
Com
Exceptional user experience as key requirement postulatedInitial device requirements (Frequency bands, Legacy Standards) consolidatedKey barriers and enablers for a viable ecosystem identified – e.g. open interfaces for developers, devices for consumer electronics, …C
usto
mer
s
10
…but major Challenges still exists, dd d b W k P !addressed by our Work Programme!
Offering Voice Service (and not only data)Spectrum availability, refarming, auctioningD i f L h ( lti l f b d lti l lDevices for Launch (multiple frequency bands, multiple legacy technologies)Efficient and effective Device Certification RegimeE2E Security Provisions Converged Standard for FDD and TDDInterworking and Interoperating TestingInterworking and Interoperating TestingDeployment strategy, Migration PathOperational Efficiency:
O I t fOpen InterfacesSelf-Optimising Networks Efficient Backhaul SolutionsI t ti f F t C ll f i d (h & ffi ) l tiIntegration of Femto Cells for indoor (home & office) solutions
11
NGMN Roadmap p
2008 2009 20102008 2009 2010Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Deployment and launch d d t O t
NGMN launch -
Technology evaluation and
First trials
Standards ready
Infrastructure & Devices
Inter-operability dependent on Operator
and Country specificslaunch phase
evaluation and Gap Analysis
trials ready & Devices ready for testing
operability tests
12
NGMN Work Focus
Focus on …
Service Delivery vice
stio
ns
Focus on …
Operational Efficiency
NGMN White Paper
Spectrum
Devices
yPlatforms
hnol
ogy
/ da
rds
atio
ns/S
erv
/ App
licat
Interfaces for DevelopersCertification
Efficiency
Technology Evaluation
Spectrum Trials, TestingTe
chSt
an
Ope
ra
IPRRoaming
1. NGMN Industry
Conference
CeBIT (NGMN press conference on
spectrum demand)
2. NGMN Industry
Conference
MWC, CTIA, BBWF Paris,
ITU
3. NGMN Industry
Conference
13
20072006 20102008 2009
Summaryy
User Demand for mobile broadband is growing towards mass adoption
Cost and Revenue Challenge for operators to create a successful business out of mobile broadband offeringsof mobile broadband offerings
Future technologies create a Platform for Innovation and will provide a significant step change in Cost/Performance Ratio and User Experience
Several major network operators have already decided for LTE/SAE Standard
New Chipsets will conquer the mass market of Consumer Electronics
An excellent User Experience for mobile broadband internet access
Substantially improved Usability of Devices and Applications
Favourable Royalty Rates and transparent IPR T’s and C’s
Allocation of sufficient Spectrum for capacity and coverage reasons
Key Success Factors
A business enabling Regulatory Environment14
Thank you very much
Towards Applications and Services
i 4Gin 4G
Luis M. Correia
Instituto Superior Técnico/Instituto Telecomunicações
1Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
Which objectives?Which objectives?• The Olympic Games motto• The Olympic Games motto
applied to current systems (i.e., more of the same but justmore of the same, but just better), is a too shortfall goal. Citius
Altius• In order for Europe to keep
playing a major role in mobile
AltiusFortius
(Fasterplaying a major role in mobile & wireless, one should have a disruptive view of the future
(FasterHigher
Stronger)disruptive view of the future.
• eMobility’s SET concept has Simplicity
2
• eMobility s SET concept has to be taken into consideration!
Simplicity, Efficiency
Trust
Learning from PCs (1)Learning from PCs (1)• Mainframes dominated until• Mainframes dominated, until
PCs took over when computers were extended tocomputers were extended to the mass market. (IBM, 1972)
(Apple, 1986)
• An operating system based on windows had a crucialon windows had a crucial importance in the spread of PCs
(Wikipedia, 1972)
(Mi f 2007)PCs.
• Easiness of use is essential
(Microsoft, 2007)
3
• Easiness of use is essential for the mass market.
(PhotosCom, 2008) (Nokia, 2007)
Learning from PCs (2)Learning from PCs (2)• Initially PCs had performance• Initially, PCs had performance
metrics that were orders of magnitude below the current onesmagnitude below the current ones (ZX Spectrum, 1982, 3.5MHz, 16kB 0GB) (Sinclair, 1982)16kB, 0GB).
• There will be a race in wireless
( , )
• There will be a race in wireless systems between services made available to users and data ratesavailable to users and data rates made available by phones/networks
(Nadine Meade, 2000)
4
phones/networks.
Learning from today’s networks (1)
• Security is a key issue for the• Security is a key issue for the development of new services that make use of paymentsuse of payments.
• Privacy has been introduced in GSM(Artfile, 2007)
• Privacy has been introduced in GSM, in order to avoid eavesdropping.
• New developments may constitute a breach into consumers privacy (e g
(MIT, 2005)
breach into consumers privacy (e.g., location, use of services, and origin of payments) A barrier?
5
payments). A barrier?
(Inmagine, 2007)
Learning from today’s networks (2)
• Possible radiation hazards have been a• Possible radiation hazards have been a more or less acute problem.
• Will there be unforeseen problems that will endanger system developments?will endanger system developments?
• Risk acknowledgement and• Risk acknowledgement and communication should be accepted as part of the introduction of newpart of the introduction of new technologies. (MobileCom, 2001)
6 • What about environmental issues?
Perspectives on
• Today’s systems are based on acommunications (1)
• Today s systems are based on a person being the end user.
• Future systems must consider machine to machine
(Kenwood, 2007)
machine-to-machine communications as being, potentially more importantpotentially, more important.
• Sensor networks are emerging as(DHD, 1998)
• Sensor networks are emerging as one of the “killer” network structures of the future
7
structures of the future.
(SensorProd, 2007)
Perspectives on
• Today the phone represents thecommunications (2)
• Today, the phone represents the whole system for the user, i.e., it is the visible component being thethe visible component, being the communications interface.
(Nokia, 2006)
• Future systems must deal with the easiness of use (networkseasiness of use (networks complexity must be hidden from users) vs giving users the power tousers) vs. giving users the power to establish their communication environment
(Jesse Stuart, 1948)(Nokia, 2006)
8
environment. ( , )(USP, 2008)
What services? (1)• Mobile 3D Internet:
What services? (1)• Mobile 3D Internet:
visualisation of 3D images from a terminalterminal.
• Real time ad hoc communities:
(Builder AU, 2008)
• Real-time ad hoc communities:extending social networks into happenings on the spothappenings on the spot.
• Prosumers:(FutureLab, 2008)
• Prosumers:users playing a decisive role as producers and consumers of
9
producers and consumers of contents. (enriquedans, 2006)
What services? (2)• Context aware mobile web:
What services? (2)• Context aware mobile web:
physical and social awareness of users’ experienceusers experience.
• Interactive context aware games:
(DanceInternational, 2005)
• Interactive context aware games:games adapted to the user’s physical environmentphysical environment.
• Augmented reality:(UniversalStudios, 2007)
• Augmented reality:combination of virtual with real life objects
10
objects.
(Spectrum, 2008)
The EndThe End• “I think there is a world market for maybe 5• I think there is a world market for maybe 5
computers”, Thomas Watson (IBM), 1943.
• “There is no reason anyone would want a computerin their home” Keneth Olsen (DEC) 1977in their home , Keneth Olsen (DEC), 1977.
• “The best way to predict the future is to invent it”The best way to predict the future is to invent it ,Alan Kay (UCLA), 1971.
• “Shakespeare in love” can be an inspiration:• “It’s the dawn of a new day, my lady”
11
It s the dawn of a new day, my lady• “No. It’s the dawn of a new world”.
Toward n th Generation Full MobilityToward n-th Generation, Full Mobility…Is the way really straightforward?
Adam Wolisz
Telecommunication Networks GroupTechnische Universität Berlin
www.tkn.tu-berlin.de
Telecommunication Networks GroupTechnische Universität Berlin
The tough life of the last speaker…
• EVERYTHING has been already said,
but not each idea has been discussed by EVERY panelist?but not each idea has been discussed by EVERY panelist?
• Not really…
• There remain some “Little Details” … like
HOW TO ACHIEVE IT ?
TKN Telecommunication Networks Group2
The issue of coverage…
• It is sooo nice to believe that 2G has „full coverage“…• Just – take the train from Dresden to Berlin…
t t t lki t b / th t /start talking to: your boss / your sweetheart / … See your afterwards….
C• Coverage,,, coverage…. • Let us use femtocells (in the “native band”) • Let us use other technologies (WLAN? ???)• Let us use other technologies (WLAN?, ???)Sure, with the single handset ☺
• But we still need the knowledge of the coverage….g g
OPPORTIUNISTIC coverage discovery!!!!
TKN Telecommunication Networks Group3
Mobile system can assist
• They have GPS…
• They could anyway use precise location information• They could anyway use precise location information
• They can report coverage data … for further processing.
• But: is coverage all we need ?
• Well – we need to know the Neighbor Access Points
AND their coverage as well….
• What if they do NOT belong to the same system? Provider?
TKN Telecommunication Networks Group4
Application can assist!
• Nevertheless: Let us stop pretending the connectivity is ALWAYS PERFECT. This is NOT “wire over some radio interface”
• We do have “rate adaptation” , sure!!!
• We do NOT have real “APPLICATION ADAPTATION”
• Why I have lost a bunch of data with the stolen laptop?
• I have a lot of data in the MAIL System folders…• Yes, I can duplicate them on the server..., p
• But: this is a pain with weak connectivity
• And: working off- line blocks ALL the mail exchange…
• Think about using the browsers… and numerous other…
TKN Telecommunication Networks Group5
Here comes a bit of physics…• Capacity is increased by using small cells…
• Mobility is best served by big cells… y y g• Nothing will change this!
• So people say: we have cells of different size supported• So people say: we have cells of different size, supported by different technologies. With different coverage “radius”
• RIGHT!. But which should we use???
Mobility is not something which might be entirely• Mobility is not something which might be entirely assigned on a “Per terminal” basis forever. It depends on user activities….It depends on user activities….
TKN Telecommunication Networks Group6
Use information FROM the mobiles!
• From „dumb terminals“ to smart phones…
• Having GPS? Accelerometers? Other sensors• Having GPS? Accelerometers? Other sensors.
• Able to discover movement
• Able to much more… we are not “Just in voice era”
• The media we are interested in, might be dependent on the activityy
D t t A ti iti !!!Detect Activities!!!
TKN Telecommunication Networks Group7
How to organize signalling?
• Between Access Points: • Always per wire? The PON/Ethernet/DSL variant?y p
• What about catastrophes? Will our Wireless Networkdepend entirely on wires?
• Is a Wireless Inter- AP signaling necessary? Among heterogeneous radio systems!?
• Between terminals and access points/ Other terminals
• Should we think about some UNIVERSAL SIGNALING?S ou d e t about so e U S S G G• Logical Only?
• Physical? Dynamically definable?
TKN Telecommunication Networks Group8
Summary.
• There are numerous challenges,
• I have been talking about 3 major (personal view!)• I have been talking about 3 major (personal view!)• Coverage estimation/ neighborhood discovery• Needs/Activity Discovery• Needs/Activity Discovery • Signaling
h h l f h• Hurrah!!! There is a lot space for research!!!
TKN Telecommunication Networks Group9