Post on 28-Dec-2015
Palestinian-Israeli Conflict
Romans destroy Jewishtemple 70 CE
Diaspora
CAUSES FOR THE FOUNDING OF ISRAEL
•ANTI-SEMITISM: hated, fear and distrust of Jews.
•POGROMS: organized acts of violence against Jews in Russia and Poland in the last few centuries.
•GHETTOS: Jews were forced to live in ghettos throughout Europe and the Arab World.•ZIONISM: the desire to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine
FATHER OF ZIONISM
THEODOR HERZLTHEODOR HERZL
•an Austrian Jew•a journalist
•covered the Dreyfuss Affair•French Officer•was Jewish
•on trial for treason
•very little evidence
•convicted just b/c he was Jewish
The Ottoman Empire in 1850
The collapse o/t Ottoman Empirein 1922.
•The Sideshow t/t Sideshow•Lawrence of Arabia
BRITISH MANDATE (1918-1948)
•Importance of OIL causes Britain and France to remain in MidEast.•Britain controls ALL major land and water trade routes.
•Suez Canal•Persian Gulf•Jordan
•Promises BOTH Arabs and Jews a homeland in Palestine.
BRITISH PROMISES
McMahon-Hussein Agreement (1915): British promise the Arabs (Hussein family) an Arab state in return for allegiance against Axis Powers.
•Jordan to King Abdallah Hussein•Iraq to King Faisal, Abdallah’s brother
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916): agreement betweenBritain and France to divide up the MidEast amongst themselves.
Balfour Declaration (1917): British promise a Jewish homelandin Palestine.
Jews Assert Power
King David Hotel blown up by Jewish extremists.
UN PARTITION PLAN (1947)
1st Arab-Israeli War: May 15, 1948
May 14, 1948: David Ben-Gurion, the 1st Prime Minister of Israel, declares independence.
May 15, 1948: Six Arab countries invade Israel
Armies of Egypt, Transjordan (now Jordan), Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia joined Palestinian and other voluntary Arab soldiers.
Israelis called it the War of Independence.
Arabs called it the Catastrophe.
ARAB INVASION OF 1948
ISRAEL’S NEW BORDERS
•Israelis defeat the six Arab armies.
•Jews gain almost all land given to Palestinian-Arabs in UN Partition Plan.
•Jordan only ARAB country to gain territory.
•Jerusalem (Old City)•West Bank
•Egypt retains Gaza Strip.
ARAB REFUGEES
Approximately 400,000 Palestinian-Arabs become refugees in neighboring Arab countries.
One of the main issues btwn Arabs and Israelis to make peace today
The HOLOCAUST•Over 6 million Jews murdered in WWII.
•Jews unable to find refuge during war.
•Even after WWII, Western countries, including the USA, turned away Holocaust survivors.
•Worldwide collective guilt, allows newly founded UN to recognize the newly established state of Israel.
GAMAL ABDEL NASSERNASSER•Egyptian President
•Led Pan-Arabism
•Called for the destruction of Israel•Increase economic power of Arab countries
•NATIONALIZE all foreign owned businesses
•End dependence on the West
•Built the ASWAN HIGH DAM
CAUSES OF THE SUEZ CANAL WAR OF 1956
Britain and France want to regain control of the Suez Canal
Egypt, under Gamal Abdel Nasser, blockades the Tiran Straits.
-The only access to the Red Sea for Israeli trading
Britain and France pledge to help Israel and in return Israel will help them.
THE SIX DAY WAR: JUNE 5-10, 1967
CAUSES:CAUSES:
•Syria’s military amassed at Israel’s northern border.
•Egypt’s military amassed at Israel’s southern border.
•Egypt, once again, blockades the Tiran Straits.
•Israel conducts a PRE-EMPTIVE STRIKEPRE-EMPTIVE STRIKE which decimated Egypt’s and Syria’s air forces.
•NASSER’s insistence in 1967 that the UNEF leave the Sinai Peninsula.
MILITARY ARMAMENT COMPARISON
ARABS (EGYPT, JORDAN, SYRIA) ISRAEL
Personnel 547,000 soldiers 70,000 standing army230,000 reservists
Tanks 5,404 800
Aircraft 900 200
Total Pop. 110 million 2.7 million
THE 1967 SIX DAY WARThe OCCUPIED TERRITORIES:
•Egypt lost the SINAI PENINSULA and the GAZA STRIP.
•Syria lost the GOLAN HEIGHTS.
•Jordan lost JERUSALEM (OLD CITY) and the WEST BANK.
UN RESOLUTION 242
“LAND FOR PEACE” Israel claims
Occupied Territories are a buffer zone for security
UN condemned Israel for taking Arab territories
Israel refused to return land. . . due to security concerns
YOM KIPPUR WAR (1973)
•Launched by Egypt and Syria on the holiest holiday in Judaism.•After initial Arab victories, the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) crossed the Suez Canal.
•Israeli victory enabled by USA resupplying Israel with all needed military weapons.
•1974: Arabs begin oil embargo against the West, esp. the USA.
CAMP DAVID ACCORDS (1979)
•1st peace treaty btwn Israel and an Arab country (EGYPT).
•MENACHIM BEGINMENACHIM BEGIN, PM of Israel, returned the Sinai Peninsula.
•ANWAR SADATANWAR SADAT, Pres. of Egypt, opens trading ties w/Israel.
•Unfortunately, peace is a COLD PEACE.
Who? ____________________
Sadat Assassination
The INTIFADA (the Shaking)1987-1993
•Violent protests against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
•Most Palestinians follow the PLO under Yasir Arafat.
•However, more and more Palestinians are turning to Islamic Fundamentalist organizations, such as HAMAS and Islamic Jihad.
OSLO ACCORDS (1993) Israeli Demands
– a commitment by the Palestinians to end terrorism in Israel
– increase trading ties with Israel
– True PEACE
Palestinian Demands– Israel to stop building
Israeli settlements in the West Bank
– Gaza Strip and Jericho first for self-rule
– to gain 13% more land in the West Bank
– return of Arab RefugeesYitzak Rabin:Israeli Prime Ministerduring Oslo Accords
Yasir Arafat:Palestinian leaderduring Oslo Accords
CAMP DAVID 2000 Israeli redeployment from 95% of the West
Bank and 100% of the Gaza Strip
The creation of a Palestinian state in that area
The removal of isolated “Jewish settlements” that would be transferred to Palestinian control
Slices of Israeli land to be included in the Palestinian state to compensate for the percentage of the West Bank to become Israeli
Palestinian control over parts of Jerusalem
Including 3/4 of the Old City
"Religious Sovereignty" over the Temple Mount (rather than Israeli sovereignty, which had been in effect since 1967)
But the PALESTINIANS said NO. Why???
Ehud BarakPM of Israel
Yasir ArafatLdr o/t PLO
_______________
To Make Peace . . .
Borders and Barriers CREATE A T-CHART W/
PALESTIAN DEMANDS ON ONE SIDE &
ISRAELI DEMANDS ON THE OTHER SIDE
Should the Palestinians give up land due to anti-Semitism in Europe??