PAB 4323 – WELL STIMULATION TECHNIQUES

SEMESTER 7

ByBy

Dr. Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon(aliyu.adebayor@petronas.com)

DISCUSSIONS

–

Getting to know each other

Important Information

Outcome Based Education (OBE) Structure of the course (outlines/contents) Lesson plan (Lecture, buzz-group, tutorials, chalk and talk, etc.)

Teaching evaluation (Anonymous feedbacks) UTP attendance policy (University required to present monthly

report on the international attendance to MOHE – Min. of Higher Educ.)

Assessment plan Attendance - 10% Assignment/Classwork - 30% Test/Quiz - 20% Exam - 40%

Course Major Contents

Formation damageWell stimulation techniques Hydraulic fracturingMatrix acidizing Perforating methods Sand control methods Design and optimization processes

Questions?

Course Major Contents Formation damage

Damage mechanisms• Mechanically induced • Chemically induced • Biologically induced • Thermally induced•

Operational sources of formation damage• Drilling operation• Completion operation• Production operation• Injection operations

Assignment and Review

Course Major Contents

Well stimulation techniques Reasons for stimulating

Primary forms of well stimulation• Wellbore clean-up• Wellbore clean-up• Matrix treatment• Fracturing

Candidate selection

Selecting a technique

Assignment and Review

Course Major Contents

Sand control methods

Introduction Causes of sand production Causes of sand production Operational problems associated with sand control Sand control methods

Assignment and Review

Course Major Contents

Perforating methods Shaped charge characteristics and performance Assessment of Charge performance Perforating gun systems Perforating gun systems Operational considerations

Design and optimization processes

Assignment and Review

References Lake, L.W. (2007): ‘Petroleum Engineering Handbook’, SPE Richardson

Economides, M.J. and Nolte K.G. (2000): ‘Reservoir Stimulation Handbook, Wiley

Schechter, R.S. (1992): ‘Oil Well Stimulation’, First Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc.

Guo, B.; Lyons, W.C.; and Ghalambor, A. ((2007): ‘Petroleum Production Engineering’, Elseviers’ Gulf Professional Publishing, Oxford, U.KElseviers’ Gulf Professional Publishing, Oxford, U.K

Allen, T.O. and Roberts, A.P. (2004): ‘Production Operations 1 and 2’, Fourth Edition, OGCI and PetroSkills Publications,

Yew, C.H. (1997): Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing, First Edition, Gulf Publishing Company

Lecture 1 – Introduction

Review of Basic Concepts

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this class, students should be able to:

Describe the flow regimes in a reservoir

Mathematically differentiate between the flow regimes Mathematically differentiate between the flow regimes

Illustrate graphical representation of pressure vs radial distance at different times for each of the flow regimes

Define ‘skin effect’ and describe its main contributors

Review Topics

Types of Flow

Transient flow (Infinite acting reservoir)

Steady state (CPB exists) Steady state (CPB exists)

Pseudo-steady state (NFB exists)

Concept of skin

Flow regimes in a reservoirPr

essu

re (p

si) Transient Late

transient

Pres

sure

(psi

)

Time (hr)

Steady state

Pseudo-steady state

Class Attempt:

Can you sketch the Pressure (P) vs Radial Can you sketch the Pressure (P) vs Radial Distance (r) Curve for each of the flow regimes?

Pressure vs Drainage Radius Profiles for Different Time Intervals (Steady State Flow)

Pres

sure

(psi

)Pr

essu

re (p

si)

Radial distance (ft)

Profiles of Pressure vs Drainage Radius at Different Time Intervals (Transient Flow)Pr

essu

re (p

si)

Pres

sure

(psi

)

Radial distance (ft)

Profiles of Pressure vs Drainage Radius at Different Time Intervals (Pseudo-Steady Flow)

Pres

sure

(psi

)Pr

essu

re (p

si)

Radial distance (ft)

The Concept of Skin Actual pressure drop higher than calculated

Skin is related to any permeability impairment due to wellbore damage caused by drilling, completion or even production operations

Skin Factor (S.F) – a numerical value which can indicate the extent of damage or permeability improvement at the wellbore

S.F can be positive (i.e. damage) or negative (i.e. stimulated)

Types of Skin

Corrected Darcy’s equation

Review Questions (T/F)

There are four flow regimes in a reservoir system A well is producing in pseudo-steady state when the

pressure pulse is felt in all the boundaries of the drainage areadrainage area

For a reservoir bounded by an aquifer, the rate of change of pressure at the boundary is constant

A zero skin factor indicates that the wellbore is partially stimulated rather than damaged

ASSIGNMENT 1

Questions?

Thank youThank you