OLYMPIADS+

BRUTAL BRUCE

Group 6

THE PROTONIn 1812 Eugene Goldstein noticed during an experiment there were

hydrogen nuclei. Those were also known as protons, or even the hydrogen in when separated from it’s electron.

The proton has a positive charge.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

PROTONS

What are their properties?

Protons are much larger and heavier than electrons

A proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit

It is about 1836 times the mass of an electron

quark structure of the proton Protons are found in the nucleus of atoms

The number of protons in the nucleus determines the chemical properties of the atom

Protons are observed to be stable and their theoretical minimum half-life is 1×1036 year

THE NEUTRONThe Neutron is the neutral part of the atom

Discovered by Walther Bothe, Irène Joliot-Curie, Frédéric Joliot, and James Chadwick in the early 1930’s

The neutron has to do with the strong force which holds the atom together (gravity is too weak at this level to hold the nucleus together), but when an atom is too

large the atoms fall apart (this releases radiation).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

NEUTRONSWhat are their properties?

Neutrons are subatomic particles with no net electric charge

They are also found in the nucleus of an atom

Quark structure of the neutron

Neutrons consist of two down quarks and one up quark

The number of neutrons determines the isotope of an element

An electron is the negatively charged part of the atomDiscovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897

Discovered with the use of cathode ray tubeUsed in many applications such as: radiation therapy, welding, electron

microscopes, etc….

THE ELECTRON

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons

ELECTRONSWhat are their properties?

An electron is a fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge

An electron’s mass is approximately 1 / 1836 of the proton

Together with the atomic nuclei (protons and neutrons), electrons make up atoms

Electrons can also act as waves

Electron mean lifetime is >4.6x10^26 years

Electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom

Nuclear and Hyphen notation

Hyphen Notation

• Hyphen notation is the written name of the element plus its mass number.

Examples

• Hydrogen-1• Helium-3• Uranium - 235

Nuclear Notation

• Uses the first letter of the element plus it’s mass number and atomic number

Examples

atomic number 1H3Mass number

Why does it matter?

• Nuclear and hyphen notation allow us to express different forms of the same isotope

• For example, there are more than one hydrogen so simply writing “hydrogen “ does not mean one specific isotope

• So by using hyphen notation, we are able to express a single isotope of hydrogen by showing it’s mass number or using nuclear notation to show hydrogen’s mass number AND atomic number

For more information

• http://teachers.popejohn.org/Mrs_Olsen/Ch3Atom/Ch.3-Atom%2005.ppt

Elemental Identities!

Q: What gives an element its identity?A: The atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus) provides a unique identity for elements because each element contains a different number of protons.Example: Atomic # is 6…..

It must be Carbon!!!!

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