Post on 08-Apr-2018
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OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY
WHAT IS AN OIL SPILL?
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES?
WHAT HAS BEEN DONE?
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OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY
EXAMPLES OF OIL SPILL INCIDENTS
OWN EXPERIENCE
WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?
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Torrey Canyon - England
(March 1967)
A Liberian-registered
tankeren route from the
Persian Gulf was strandedby an error in ship
manoeuvring, releasing
93,000 tonnes of crude
oil. Contaminated 300
kilometres of both
England and France.
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Amoco Cadiz- France
(1978)
A Liberian-registered
tankeren route to
England grounded on
a reef off the coast ofBrittany (France) and
releasing 260,000
tonnes of crude oil.
Contaminated 400 km
of coast. Took sixmonths to collect and
dispose of the drifting
oil.
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Sea Empress - Wales
(February 15, 1996)
The single-hulled
Liberian oil tanker ran
aground on St. AnnsHead at the mouth of
Milford Haven estuary,
Wales, rupturing several
tanks. It released 72,000tonnes of light North
Sea Crude.
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Braer- Scotland
(January 5, 1993)
An 18 years old, American
owned, but Liberian-
registered, oil tanker thatran aground at Garth Ness
in the Shetlands in severe
weather conditions. Cause
was complete enginefailure. Spilled its entire
cargo of 85,000 tonnes of
North Sea Crude.
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Exxon Valdez- United States
(March 24, 1989)
A US-flagged tankeren
route to Long Beach
California wrecked on
Bligh Reef in PrinceWilliam Sound, Alaska
due to Captain error.
Eight of the eleven tanks
damaged, releasing
41,000 tonnes of Alaska
Northslope Crude Oil.
Contaminated 1,900
kilometers of coast.
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Nestucca - United States (December 23,
1988)
The fuel barge Nestucca and
its tender tug Ocean Service
collided of the mouth of
Grays Harbour, State ofWashington. An estimated
890 tonnes of heavy Bunker
C oil spilled from the
ruptured barge. The oil
drifted past Cape Flattery and
stranded along the west coast
of Vancouver Island, British
Columbia.
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Tenyo Maru - United States
(July 22, 1991)
Off the entrance to the Juan de Fuca Strait,
the Japanese fishing vessel Tenyo Maru and
Chinese freighterTuo Hai collided. The
Tenyo Maru sank, releasing 365 tonnes of
bunker fuel. The slick travelled southwest to
the State of Washingtons Cape Flattery
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New Carissa - United States
(February 3, 1999)
A Japanese-owned, but
Panamanian-flagged bulk
carrier on its way to CoosBay, Oregon (US) lost
anchor during storm
conditions and grounded
outside of Coos Harbour. It
held 1,490 tonnes of bunkerfuel, spilling 268 tonnes
when it broke in half.
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Kuroshima - United States
(November 26, 1997)
A 368 foot seafood
freighter broke away
from its anchorage
during a severe stormand ran aground spilling
145 tonnes of Bunker C
oil. Contaminated
approximately 10
kilometres of shoreline
of Summer Bay on the
Aleutian Island of
Unalaska.
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ERIKA, 12TH Dec 1999
This ship ran into trouble in aheavy storm 70 kilometersoff the coast of Bretagne,France. The ship broke inhalf and sank to the bottomof the sea. Of the 30,000tons of heavy furnace oil itcarried, 14,000 tons spilledinto the sea. The remainingoil in the wreck is steadilyleaking out.
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PRESTIGE, 13th Nov 2002
During stormy weather the
Greek-owned Prestige suffered
a 50 metre gash in the right side
of the hullThe tanker, carryingsome 77,000 tonnes of oil, sunk
to the depth of 3,600 meters
some 250 km off the Spanish
coast, with a large quantity of
oil still on board. Vessel is saidto have spilled oil in excess of
5,000 tonnes.
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Heibei Spirit, 07th Dec 2007
At about 7:30 local time onDecember 7, 2007 a cranebarge being towed by a tug
collided with theanchored Hebei Spirit.
The collision puncturedthree of the five tanks
aboard the Hebei Spirit andresulted in the leaking ofsome 10,800 tons of crudeoil into sea.
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MARPOL 73/78(Prevention)
Application- Types of Vessels
Construction- Tanks for residues
SBT/CBT Tanks
Double Hull and Double Bottom
Pump room bottom protection
Limitation of size
COW arrangements
Pumping and discharge arrangement
OWF Equipment
Oil/water interface detector
Control of operational discharge Reception Facilities
Sub division and damage stability
Survey and certification
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OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY
SOPEP AND SMPEP
OIL RECORD BOOKS
MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENTS
CHECKLISTS
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TREND IN MAJOR OIL SPILLS
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OIL SPILLR
EA
SONS
MAJOR CAUSES OF OIL SPILLS ARE
* Machinery Failure
* Human & Navigational Error
*Fire and Explosion
* Hull Damage
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OIL SPILL PREVENTION
ONLY IF
Vessels are maintained to a high standard
Operated by personnel who are welltrained and committed to their jobs.
Vessels are designed and built to high
standards.
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OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY
RECAP / SUMMARY
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANKS