OER, Open Policy,System Efficiencies, and

Future Directions

Dr. Cable GreenDirector of Global Learningcable@creativecommons.or

g@cgreen

Children Reading Pratham Books and Akshara By Ryan Lobo http://www.flickr.com/photos/prathambooks/3291617463 CC BY

“Nearly one-third of the world’s population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.

1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures2 British Council and IDP Australia projections

By: COL http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/JohnDaniel_2008_3x5.jpg

Dreaming Girls Head By: Elfleda http://www.flickr.com/photos/carolinespics/153137487

CC BY-NC-ND

A simple, standardizedway to grant copyright permissions to your creative work.

Step 1: Choose Conditions

Attribution

ShareAlike

NonCommercial

NoDerivatives

Step 2: Receive a License

most free

least free

Over 500 million items

CultureScienceGovernmentEducationMore

Over 77,000 contributors working on over 22 million

articles in 285 languages

175+ Million CC Licensed Photos on Flickr

16

Higher Ed

K-12

Open Educational Resources (OER)

OER are teaching, learning, and research

materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been

released under an open license that permits their free use and re-purposing

by others.

Search & Discovery

Translations & Accessibility

Customization & Affordability

What is the Business / Policy Case for OER?

vs.

Rivalrous vs. Non-Rivalrous Resources

BY SA: By Harvey Barrison http://www.flickr.com/photos/hbarrison/6920142558/

Cost of “Copy”

For one 250 page book:

• Copy by hand - $1,000

• Copy by print on demand - $4.90

• Copy by computer - $0.00084

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Cost of “Distribute”

For one 250 page book:

• Distribute by mail - $5.20• $0 with print-on-demand (2000+ copies)

• Distribute by internet - $0.00072

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Copy and Distribute are “Free”

This changes everything

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and Textbooks

Movies and TV Shows:• Amazon Prime – $6.59/month

($79/year) for access to 10,000 movies and TV shows

• Netflix – $7.99/month for access to 20,000 movies and TV shows

• Hulu Plus – $7.99/month for access to 45,000 movies and TV shows

CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348

Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and Textbooks

Music:• Spotify – $9.99/month for access

to 15 million songs• Rhapsody – $14.99/month for

access to 14 million songs

CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348

CC BY ND / Delta Initiative / http://tinyurl.com/bw3ztnt

When the Marginal Cost of Sharing is $0…

- educators have an ethical obligation to share

- governments need to get maximum ROI by requiring publicly funded resources be openly licensed resources

- governments and educators need openly licensed content: (a) so you can revise & remix (b) buying and maintaining is cheaper than leasing (w/time bombs)

$60 trillionx 5% =$ 3 trillion

CC BY

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Partner with Legislators who care about:

(a) efficient use of national / state tax dollars;

(b) saving students money; increasing access to

publicly funded research and data;

(c) increasing access to education

CC-BY licensed textbooks for 90 university courses

$500 million - Wave 2($2 billion over four years)

Publicly funded resources should be openly licensed resources.

• Cooperate & share = We all Win– Faculty have new choices when building

learning spaces.– …the more eyes on a problem, the greater

chance for a solution.• Affordability: students can’t afford

textbooks• Self-interest: good things happen

when I share• It’s a social justice issue: everyone

should have the right to access digital knowledge.

Why is “Open” Important?

Building Effective Teams & Shifting the

Culture to Open as Default

http://techplan.sbctc.edu

“We will cultivate the culture and practice of using and contributing to open educational resources.”

But using open educational resources – and

contributing to them – requires significant

change in the culture of higher education. It

requires thinking about content as a common resource that raises all

boats when shared. (p.11)

English Composition I

• 55,000+ enrollments / year

• x $175 textbook

• = $9.6+ Million every year

English Composition I

• 55,000+ enrollments / year

• x $175 textbook

• = $9.6+ Million every year

Insa

ne

Does it make any sense WA State and K-12 Districts together spend $130M/yearon textbooks and the results are:• Books are (on average) 7-10 years out

of date• Paper only / no digital versions.• Students can’t write / highlight in

books• Students can’t keep books at end

of year• All rights reserved… teachers can’t

update

You are not alone.

massive change By: sookie http://www.flickr.com/photos/sookie/31219031

CC BY

U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill

SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.

http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf

U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill

SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.

http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf

Defeate

d

H.R. 3699

"No Federal agency may adopt, implement, maintain, continue, or otherwise engage in any policy, program, or other activity that -- (1) causes, permits, or authorizes network dissemination of any private-sector research work without the prior consent of the publisher of such work; or (2) requires that any actual or prospective author, or the employer of such an actual or prospective author, assent to network dissemination of a private-sector research work."

H.R. 3699

"No Federal agency may adopt, implement, maintain, continue, or otherwise engage in any policy, program, or other activity that -- (1) causes, permits, or authorizes network dissemination of any private-sector research work without the prior consent of the publisher of such work; or (2) requires that any actual or prospective author, or the employer of such an actual or prospective author, assent to network dissemination of a private-sector research work."

Defeate

d

But even better, the bill sponsor said:

• "As the costs of publishing continue to be driven down by new technology, we will continue to see a growth in open access publishers.

• This new and innovative model appears to be the wave of the future. The transition must be collaborative, and must respect copyright law and the principles of open access.

• The American people deserve to have access to research for which they have paid.

http://maloney.house.gov/press-release/issa-maloney-statement-research-works-act

“The American people deserve to

have access to research for which they have paid.”

http://maloney.house.gov/press-release/issa-maloney-statement-research-works-act

Public

CC BY-NC-ND046: Rule #2: See Rule #1 By: William Couchhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wcouch/2268610556

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• Efficient use of public funds to increase student success and access to quality educational materials.

• Everything else (including all existing business models) is secondary.

Only ONE thing Matters:

the opposite of open isn’t “closed”

the opposite of open is “broken”

Attribution: John Wilbanks

Dr. Cable GreenDirector of Global Learning

cable@creativecommons.orgtwitter: cgreen