Post on 24-Jan-2016
description
Nigel JamesBodleian Library
The Census
Accessing and mapping British
Census Data
The UK Census• A census is normally taken every ten years
The UK Census• A census is normally taken every ten years
• The first census in 1801 enabled the compilation of essential statistics – such as how many men were available to fight in the Napoleonic War (Population was ca.10M)
The UK Census• A census is normally taken every ten years
• The first census in 1801 enabled the compilation of essential statistics – such as how many men were available to fight in the Napoleonic War (Population was ca.10M)
• The first “modern” census ( name, age, occupation and where born ) was in 1841
The UK Census• A census is normally taken every ten years
• The first census in 1801 enabled the compilation of essential statistics – such as how many men were available to fight in the Napoleonic War (Population was ca.10M)
• The first “modern” census ( name, age, occupation and where born ) was in 1841
• Records from 1801, 1811, 1821 and 1831 have been lost
Everyone was included…
From writers . . .
Source: 1851 Census - National Statistics
Everyone was included…
. . . to Royalty
Source: 1851 Census - National Statistics
The 1881 census . . .
The 1881 Census is available online at theCHCC Historical Census Collectionhttp://ahds.ac.uk/history/collections/chccaccess.htm
(ATHENS registration is required)
The evolving census
• 1911 – punch cards enabled mechanical sorting and counting
The evolving census
• 1911 – punch cards enabled mechanical sorting and counting
• 1920 – The Census Act enabled a census to be held at any time, but not less than 5 years after the previous census (up to 1911 a new act was required each time)
The evolving census
• 1911 – punch cards enabled mechanical sorting and counting
• 1920 – The Census Act enabled a census to be held at any time, but not less than 5 years after the previous census (up to 1911 a new act was required each time)
• 1961 – Computers first used. Data recorded on magnetic tapes
Ethnicity and religion
• 1991 – Question on ethnicity first included (previously based on analysis of country of birth)
Ethnicity and religion
• 1991 – Question on ethnicity first included (previously based on analysis of country of birth)
• 2001 - Question on religion first included
Ethnicity and religion
• 1991 – Question on ethnicity first included (previously based on analysis of country of birth)
• 2001 - Question on religion first included
• Religion by various categories down to ward level
Ethnicity and religion
• 1991 – Question on ethnicity first included (previously based on analysis of country of birth)
• 2001 - Question on religion first included
• Religion by various categories down to ward level
• Religion by sex and broad age group only at output area level
Religions in the census
• 6.0% gave their religion as Christian (76% in Havering), followed by Muslim at 3.1% (36% in Tower Hamlets)
Religions in the census
• 6.0% gave their religion as Christian (76% in Havering), followed by Muslim at 3.1% (36% in Tower Hamlets)
• 2.6% of Brighton & Hove’s population were Jedi Knights . . .
Religions in the census
• 6.0% gave their religion as Christian (76% in Havering), followed by Muslim at 3.1% (36% in Tower Hamlets)
• 2.6% of Brighton & Hove’s population were Jedi Knights . . .
• . . . and second was Oxford with 2.0%
Religions in the census
• 6.0% gave their religion as Christian (76% in Havering), followed by Muslim at 3.1% (36% in Tower Hamlets)
• 2.6% of Brighton & Hove’s population were Jedi Knights . . .
• . . . and second was Oxford with 2.0%
• … but Easington had only 0.16%
Accessing census data• Individual returns are confidential for 100 years
Accessing census data• Individual returns are confidential for 100 years
• Data is aggregated for release
Accessing census data• Individual returns are confidential for 100 years
• Data is aggregated for release
• Thresholds for the release of data are 40 households and 100 persons for Census Area Statistics, and 400 hh and 1,000 persons for Standard Tables
Accessing census data• Individual returns are confidential for 100
years
• Data is aggregated for release
• Thresholds for the release of data are 40 households and 100 persons for Census Area Statistics, and 400 hh and 1,000 persons for Standard Tables
• Data which could risk identification of individuals is only available in standard tables
The 2001 Census geography
• A new geography was introduced
The 2001 Census geography
• A new geography was introduced
• Output areas (based on postcodes) replaced enumeration districts. They are smaller and more homogenous so statistics are better
The 2001 Census geography
• A new geography was introduced
• Output areas (based on postcodes) replaced enumeration districts. They are smaller and more homogenous so statistics are better
• Each census area unit (OA, ward, district, county etc.) “nests” within the higher level unit
Census geography areas
Source: National Statistics
WardOutput areaPostcode
How much data is there ? (2001)
Source: National Statistics
Census data at CASWEB 2001 aggregate statistics datasets for England &
Wales. (Boundary data is available in the Map Room and from UKBorders)
Census data at CASWEB 2001 aggregate statistics datasets for England &
Wales. (Boundary data is available in the Map Room and from UKBorders)
1991 GB Local Base Statistics and Small Area Statistics supplied with digital boundary data
Census data at CASWEB 2001 aggregate statistics datasets for England &
Wales. (Boundary data is available in the Map Room and from UKBorders)
1991 GB Local Base Statistics and Small Area Statistics supplied with digital boundary data
1991 Northern Ireland Small Area Statistics
Census data at CASWEB 2001 aggregate statistics datasets for England &
Wales. (Boundary data is available in the Map Room and from UKBorders)
1991 GB Local Base Statistics and Small Area Statistics supplied with digital boundary data
1991 Northern Ireland Small Area Statistics
1981 GB Small Area Statistics
Selecting an area - 1
Selecting an area - 2
Selecting an area - 3
Selecting an area - 4
Selecting a dataset table
Selecting data variables
Download the dataPreview the selection:
Data is downloaded in plain text formatThis can be used in Excel, Access or other
software
Visualising your data
• Mapping census data reveals spatial patterns
Visualising your data
• Mapping census data reveals spatial patterns
• Maps are an ideal way to present spatially referenced data
Visualising your data
• Mapping census data reveals spatial patterns
• Maps are an ideal way to present spatially referenced data
• A simple mapping tool is available on CASWEB (currently 1991 data only)
Visualising your data
• Mapping census data reveals spatial patterns
• Maps are an ideal way to present spatially referenced data
• A simple mapping tool is available on CASWEB (currently 1991 data only)
• Census data can be mapped and combined with other features (roads, railways etc) in a GIS (Geographic Information System)
Visualising data in a GIS
Table view Map view
Choosing an appropriate style
Raw counts can be misleading . . .
Choosing an appropriate style
Raw counts can be misleading . . .
. . . So use proportional values
Displaying multiple variables
Displaying multiple variables
All data values for a selected area can be viewed with the Info Tool
The Info Tool can also be used to modify values
Using inflection
Using inflection
Relating data to the area Digital Ordnance Survey data can be downloaded from DIGIMAP and combined with census data from CASWEB
DIGIMAP is FREE to registered users
Additional data sources• National Statistics Census pages
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census/
Additional data sources• National Statistics Census pages
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census/
• NOMIS (official labour market statistics at local and national level and census data) http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/
Additional data sources• National Statistics Census pages
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census/
• NOMIS (official labour market statistics at local and national level and census data) http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/
• Scottish Census Results Online (SCROL) http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/common/home.jsp
Additional data sources• National Statistics Census pages.
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census/
• NOMIS (official labour market statistics at local and national level and census data) http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/
• Scottish Census Results Online (SCROL) http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/common/home.jsp
• Northern Ireland Census of Population http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census/start.htm