Post on 14-Apr-2018
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
1/46
NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
RELATED TO EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS
IN ROMANIA
CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.CAUSES, IMPACTS, SOLUTIONS
GRAZ, AUSTRIAMarch, 26-27, 2007
Dan BALTEANU
Mihaela SIMA
Viorel CHENDES
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
2/46
STRUCTURE
Climate change in Romania NATECH in the Tisza-Danube basin and
Ocnele Mari salt mining failure
Flash floods, debris flows and landslides inthe Carpathians
2005 floods in the Romanian Danube
basin 2006, the highest flood in the recorded
history of Danube
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
3/46
GENERAL MAP OF ROMANIA
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
4/46
Main hazards in Romania
Natural: Landslides, mudflows and falls Debris flows
Avalanches Sheet and gully erosion Flush floods Floods
Complex: Earthquake induced hazards (landslides, falls,reactivated faults)
Natech (Natural Triggering Technological Hazards)
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
5/46
NATURAL HAZARDS
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
6/46
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
7/46
Romania annual mean temperature evolution trends during the XX-th century
INMH, 2004
CLIMATE CHANGE IN ROMANIA
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
8/46
The flow water (daily mean discharge)
and the precipitation variations at
Tinoasa (2002)
Mi, Mtrea, 2004
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
9/46
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Timp (ani)
Debit(mc/s)
The yearly maximum discharges variation at Bazias on the Danube
Trendline for the period 1840-2006
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
10/46
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
11/46
Source: Ministry of Waters and Environmental Protection, 2002
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
12/46
The lowest Danube level in the last 160 years
Zimnicea, 30 august 2003
Foto: Jeni Drgoi
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
13/46
1. NATECH
(Natural hazard triggering technological disasters)
in the Tisza-Danube basin
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
14/46
Two tailings dam failures in Maramures county
resulted in the release of 200 000 m of contaminated
water and 40 000 tonnes of tailings into tributaries of
the Tisa River, a major tributary of the Danube.
Following these accidents,Institute of Geography in
collaboration with the University of Wales, UKinitiated a research programme in northwest Romania
to establish metal levels in rivers affected by the
present and historic mining activities.
BAIA MARE - TECHNOLOGICAL ACCIDENT AND
TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION
JANUARY AND MARCH 2000
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
15/46
2000-2003
> 1000 SAMPLES,
300 SITES
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
16/46
2001
33 sites
828 km
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
17/46
Zn
Bioavailable < target
Bioavailable > intervention
Bioavailable > target
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
18/46
Salt brine flow Ocnele Mari(September, 2001)
12.09.2001, 12.20 hours. First signals: salt brine flows and increased pressurein wells20.00 hours. Massive salt brine expulsion at well S37720.45 hours. Strong noise from the underground caused by thefall of some portions of cave ceiling.
13.09.2001, 1.40 hours. Salt brine flow flooding DJ 650 over an area of 30 m.2.30 hours. Collapse of well S377 and of first house. Electricenergy supply was cut.3.00 hours. Increase of Srat Brooke level by some 2 m.Water flow-rate kept decreasing, the next saltbrine expulsionwould alternate with periods of quiet caused by landsliding into
the emerged crater and the salt brine lake.12.00 hours. Second house collapsed
14.09.2001 The third house failing 15.09.2001 A fresh massive dislocation occured in the crater formed around
wellS277, increasing the expelled salt brine flow.
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
19/46
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
20/46
Ocnele Mari, July 2004
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
21/46
Ocnele Mari, July 2004
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
22/46
2. Flash floods, debris flows andlandslides in the Carpathians
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
23/46
Flash floods
Nehoiu, Buzu Subcarpathians, July, 28, 2004
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
24/46
Flush flood
Nehoiu, Buzu Subcarpathians, July, 28, 2004
28 July, 7.00 10.00 a.m.: heavy rainfalls, amounts between20 i 52 l/sq.m, caused flush floods
6 affected settlements
Damages in Valea Nehoiului locality: 300 isolated households 5 damaged cars
200 m affected railway 3 distroyed bridges i 13 wood bridges
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
25/46
Nehoiu, August 2004
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
26/46
Nehoiu, August 2004
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
27/46
1972 2003
CUCULETI MUDFLOW BUZU SUBCARPATHIANS
MASS MOVEMENTS IN THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
28/46
CUCULETI MUDFLOW BUZU SUBCARPATHIANS
2003
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
29/46
Landslides in the Eastern
Carpathians Seismic region
Vrancea
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
30/46
3. 2005 FLOODS IN THE ROMANIAN
DANUBE BASIN
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
31/46
Iza
Lapus
Barcau
Crasna
Cerna
Gilo
rt
Motru
Desnatui
Prahova
Teleaje
n
Rm.Sarat
Suce
ava
LespeziBahlui
Ciucea
Oradea
Cluj
Turda
Band
Satu Mare
Bistra
Nepos
Bistrita
Itcani
Brodina
G. Humorului
SiretDorohoi
Radauti Prut
Frumosu
Tupilati
SarateniGoioasa
Tg. Ocna
Dragesti
Victoria
Ungheni
Drangeni
Iasi
Negresti
Barlad
Oancea
Tataru
Racovita
Casimcea
Adancata
Budesti
Calugareni
Teleorman
Buzesti
Podari
Gruia
Cetate
Calafat
Bechet CorabiaTr. Magurele
Zimnicea
Giurgiu
Oltenita
Calarasi
Fetesti
Harsova
Braila
Galati
Isaccea
Tulcea
Cernavoda
Toplet
Salard
Domanesti
Lapusel
Vadu Izei
Dej
Glodeni
Tarnaveni
Medias
Sebes
Cornet
Rupea Gara
Hoghiz
M. Domneasca
Sancraieni
BlajMures
Mur
es
Branisca
Talmaciu
VoineasaIscroni
Feldioara
NehoiuTesila
Reci
BotarlauLungoci
Bahna Rusului
Malureni
Mioveni
PoianaTapului
Turburea
Filiasi
Malucu
FloriCosereni
Fata Motrului
Bals
Malu Spart
Lunguletu
Alexandria
Gataia
Moravita
Partos
Varadia
Dalboset
Bazias
Lugoj
Voislova
FagetBalintChizatau
Arad
BeregsauPischia
Radna
Gurahont
Chisineu Cris
Tinca Holod
Talpos
Zerind
MihaltS
iret B
arl
ad
Tur
Somes
Aries
Some
sulMar
e
Som
esul
Mic
TarnavaM
ica
TarnavaMare
Viseu
CrisulRepede
CrisulNegru
Holod
CrisulAlb
BegaBegaV
eche
Nera
Jiu
Oltet
Vedea
Te
leorman A
rges
Neajlov
Buzau
Calmatui
Putna
Trotus
Hom
orod
RaulNe
gru
Mo
ldova
BaseuJijia
Bistrita
Dam
bovita
Barzava
Caras
Morav
ita Timis
Pogonis
Bistra
St r
ei
TurulungNegresti
Pru
t
Dunarea
Olt
Olt
Cibin
Lotru
Iza
Lapus
Barcau
Crasna
Cerna
Gilo
rt
Motru
Desnatui
Prahova
Teleaje
n
Rm.Sarat
Suce
ava
LespeziBahlui
Ciucea
Oradea
Cluj
Turda
Band
Satu Mare
Bistra
Nepos
Bistrita
Itcani
Brodina
G. Humorului
SiretDorohoi
Radauti Prut
Frumosu
Tupilati
SarateniGoioasa
Tg. Ocna
Dragesti
Victoria
Ungheni
Drangeni
Iasi
Negresti
Barlad
Oancea
Tataru
Racovita
Casimcea
Adancata
Budesti
Calugareni
Teleorman
Buzesti
Podari
Gruia
Cetate
Calafat
Bechet CorabiaTr. Magurele
Zimnicea
Giurgiu
Oltenita
Calarasi
Fetesti
Harsova
Braila
Galati
Isaccea
Tulcea
Cernavoda
Toplet
Salard
Domanesti
Lapusel
Vadu Izei
Dej
Glodeni
Tarnaveni
Medias
Sebes
Cornet
Rupea Gara
Hoghiz
M. Domneasca
Sancraieni
BlajMures
Mur
es
Branisca
Talmaciu
VoineasaIscroni
Feldioara
NehoiuTesila
Reci
BotarlauLungoci
Bahna Rusului
Malureni
Mioveni
PoianaTapului
Turburea
Filiasi
Malucu
FloriCosereni
Fata Motrului
Bals
Malu Spart
Lunguletu
Alexandria
Gataia
Moravita
Partos
Varadia
Dalboset
Bazias
Lugoj
Voislova
FagetBalintChizatau
Arad
BeregsauPischia
Radna
Gurahont
Chisineu Cris
Tinca Holod
Talpos
Zerind
MihaltS
iret B
arl
ad
Tur
Somes
Aries
Some
sulMar
e
Som
esul
Mic
TarnavaM
ica
TarnavaMare
Viseu
CrisulRepede
CrisulNegru
Holod
CrisulAlb
BegaBegaV
eche
Nera
Jiu
Olte
t
Vedea
Te
leorman A
rges
Neajlov
Buzau
Calmatui
Putna
Trotus
Hom
orod
RaulNe
gru
Moldova
BaseuJijia
Bistrita
Dambo
vita
Barzava
Caras
Morav
ita Timis
Pogonis
Bistra
Str
ei
TurulungNegresti
Prut
Dunarea
Olt
Olt
Cibin
Lotru
APRIL
MARCH
MAY
Consequences:
-7 casualties;
- 5000 evacuated
people;
-4000 affected
houses;
-100 000 ha
agricultural land;
-500 bridges and
small bridges;
-17 km national roads
and 52 km county
roads
Six catastrophic flood events were recorded in 2005
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
32/46
Iza
Lapus
Barcau
Crasna
Cerna
Gilo
rt
Motru
Desnatui
Prahova
Teleaje
n
Rm.Sarat
Suceava
Lespezi
Bahlui
Ciucea
Oradea
Cluj
Turda
Band
Satu Mare
Bistra
Nepos
Bistrita
Itcani
Brodina
G. Humorului
SiretDorohoi
Radauti Prut
Frumosu
Tupilati
SarateniGoioasa
Tg. Ocna
Dragesti
Victoria
Ungheni
Drangeni
Iasi
Negresti
Barlad
Oancea
Tataru
Racovita
Casimcea
Adancata
Budesti
Calugareni
Teleorman
Buzesti
Podari
Gruia
Cetate
Calafat
Bechet CorabiaTr. Magurele
Zimnicea
Giurgiu
Oltenita
Calarasi
Fetesti
Harsova
Braila
Galati
Isaccea
Tulcea
Cernavoda
Toplet
Salard
Domanesti
Lapusel
Vadu Izei
Dej
Glodeni
Tarnaveni
Medias
Sebes
Cornet
Rupea Gara
Hoghiz
M. Domneasca
Sancraieni
BlajMures
Mur
es
Branisca
Talmaciu
VoineasaIscroni
Feldioara
NehoiuTesila
Reci
BotarlauLungoci
Bahna Rusului
Malureni
Mioveni
PoianaTapului
Turburea
Filiasi
Malucu
FloriCosereni
Fata Motrului
Bals
Malu Spart
Lunguletu
Alexandria
Gataia
Moravita
Partos
Varadia
Dalboset
Bazias
Lugoj
Voislova
FagetBalint
Chizatau
Arad
Beregsau Pischia
Radna
Gurahont
Chisineu Cris
Tinca Holod
Talpos
Zerind
MihaltS
iret B
arl
ad
Tur
Somes
Aries
Some
sulMare
Som
esulMic
Tarnava
Mica
TarnavaMa
re
Viseu
CrisulRepede
CrisulNegru
Holod
CrisulAlb
BegaBega
Veche
Nera
Jiu
Oltet
Vedea
Teleo
rman A
rges
Neajlov
Buzau
Calmatui
Putna
Trotus
Hom
orod
RaulN
egru
M
oldova
BaseuJijia
Bistrita
Dam
bovita
Barzava
Caras
Morav
ita Timis
Pogonis
Bistra
Str
ei
TurulungNegresti
Pru
t
Dunarea
Olt
Olt
Cibin
Lotru
Iza
Lapus
Barcau
Crasna
Cerna
Gilo
rt
Motru
Desnatui
Prahova
Teleaje
n
Rm.Sarat
Suc
eava
Lespezi
Bahlui
Ciucea
Oradea
Cluj
Turda
Band
Satu Mare
Bistra
Nepos
Bistrita
Itcani
Brodina
G. Humorului
SiretDorohoi
Radauti Prut
Frumosu
Tupilati
SarateniGoioasa
Tg. Ocna
Dragesti
Victoria
Ungheni
Drangeni
Iasi
Negresti
Barlad
Oancea
Tataru
Racovita
Casimcea
Adancata
Budesti
Calugareni
Teleorman
Buzesti
Podari
Gruia
Cetate
Calafat
Bechet CorabiaTr. Magurele
Zimnicea
Giurgiu
Oltenita
Calarasi
Fetesti
Harsova
Braila
Galati
Isaccea
Tulcea
Cernavoda
Toplet
Salard
Domanesti
Lapusel
Vadu Izei
Dej
Glodeni
Tarnaveni
Medias
Sebes
Cornet
Rupea Gara
Hoghiz
M. Domneasca
Sancraieni
BlajMures
Mur
es
Branisca
Talmaciu
VoineasaIscroni
Feldioara
NehoiuTesila
Reci
BotarlauLungoci
Bahna Rusului
Malureni
Mioveni
PoianaTapului
Turburea
Filiasi
Malucu
FloriCosereni
Fata Motrului
Bals
Malu Spart
Lunguletu
Alexandria
Gataia
Moravita
Partos
Varadia
Dalboset
Bazias
Lugoj
Voislova
FagetBalint
Chizatau
Arad
Beregsau Pischia
Radna
Gurahont
Chisineu Cris
Tinca Holod
Talpos
Zerind
MihaltS
iret B
arl
ad
Tur
Somes
Aries
Some
sulMare
Som
esulMic
Tarnava
Mica
TarnavaMa
re
Viseu
CrisulRepede
CrisulNegru
Holod
CrisulAlb
BegaBegaV
eche
Nera
Jiu
Olte
t
Vedea
Teleo
rman A
rges
Neajlov
Buzau
Calmatui
Putna
Trotus
Hom
orod
RaulN
egru
M
oldova
BaseuJijia
Bistrita
Dambovita
Barzava
Caras
Morav
ita Timis
Pogonis
Bistra
Stre
i
TurulungNegresti
Prut
Dunarea
Olt
Olt
Cibin
Lotru
JULY
JUNE
AUGUST
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
33/46
1,707.25,975,201TOTAL
0.51,760Dead animals
3.712,78290394 fountains42.3147,9461063 social-economic units
209.8734,240656392 ha agricultural land
186.5652,76493976 houses and annexes
18.564,710other damages (land slides)
23.883,407sewerage networks
9.232,262gas pipes
19.969,824electrical networks
6.723,429water supply network
314.41,100,572630 hydrotechnical units
131.8461,2879113 small and large bridges
50.8177,71623,8 km railroad
17.561,2502644,9 km of forest roads
45.2158,3292465,84 km of streets
355.51,244,3989860,63 km of county and commune road
271.0948526.4560,4 km of national road
LOSS (MILLION EURO)LOSS (1000 RON)ITEM
Reported Flood losses for 2005 floods in Romania
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
34/46
TIMIS County,
1859, 1912, 2000, 2005 floods
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
35/46
Source: Timis Online
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
36/46
Source: Timis Online
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
37/46
3. 2006, THE HIGHEST FLOOD IN THE
RECORDED HISTORY OF DANUBE
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
38/46
2006 DANUBE FLOODS
April-May 2006 flood, the highest in therecorded history with re-constructedmaximum discharge of17,700 m3/sec.
Damages: 15,000 persons evacuated,over 30 affected localities
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
39/46
The breaches into the dikes along the Danube River during April-May flood
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
40/46
HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Winter 2005-2006: 1-4 m thick snow coverin the Alps and in the Carpathians
Sudden snowmelt in March and April 2005and rainfall superposed over the snowmelt
Maximum, simultaneous discharges of themain tributaries
Comparison of April 2006 flood
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
41/46
Comparison of April 2006 flood
with other floods
+3438435 / 1970Tulcea
+60699639 / 1970Brila
+37764727 / 1970Hrova
+28736708 / 1970Cernavod
+34737703 / 1970Clrai
+37809772 / 1970Oltenita
+27822795 / 1970Giurgiu
+45801756 / 1970Corabia
+58845787 / 1981Bechet
+59861802 / 1981Calafat
+37899862 / 1981Gruia
The difference between 2006
level and 1970/1981-maximum
level (cm)
Level
recorded
in 2006
Level
recorded
before 2006
Cross-section
The comparison between the maximum levels in some cross-sections on theDanube River recorded during April-May 2006-flood and the highest levels
recoded after the Danube embankment
Romanian Waters, 2006
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
42/46
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
43/46
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
44/46
Crna mai 2006
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
45/46
Nedeia mai 2006
7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards
46/46