Muslims Who Risked Their Lives to Save Jews During the Holocaust

MuslimsWhoRiskedTheirLivestoSaveJewsDuringtheHolocaust:

OverviewandSourcesofInformation

CraigT.PalmerDepartmentofAnthropology

UniversityofMissouri

AmberL.PalmerDepartmentofVisual&MediaAnthropology

FreieUniversitätBerlin

MountainseastofTirana,Albania

HowwecametostudythissubjectThePuzzleofAltruism

MoralElevationBinahYitzritFoundation

YadVashemTheRighteousAmongtheNations

YearOne(2013-2014)

HolocaustMuseumsintheUnitedStates,Canada,Israel,Germany,Poland,andHungary

*YearTwo(2014-2015)RighteousMuslimsand/orArabs

MajorStrasser:“ItispossibletheFrenchauthoritieswillfindareasontoputhimintheconcentrationcamphere.”

Casablanca(1942)

RobertSatloff“AmongtheRighteous:

LostStoriesoftheHolocaust’sLongReachintoArabLands”

ReadmoreaboutthetruestoriesinAmongtheRighteous.Plus,watchvideoclipsandextendedinterviewsaboutsomeofthepeopleprofiled.KhaledAbdulWahabAcharismatic,cosmopolitanTunisiannotonlyhidalocalJewishfamilyathisfarm,butalsoprotectedthewomenfromharm.SiAliSakkatAfteralongcareerinpublicservice,anArabnoblemanretiredtoafarm,where,oneday,hewelcomedandharboredsomeunexpectedguests--Jewishmenwhohadescapedfromalaborcampduringabattle.NissimZviliWhenthefatherofthisTunisianJewishfamilywasconscriptedforforcedlaborbytheNazis,theothersweretakentoafarmforprotectionbyanArabfriend.MoriceTondowskiAyoungPolishmanfledhiscountrytoescapethewar,butafterjoiningtheFrenchmilitary,woundupinadesertlaborcamp.SilvanShalomAfterthemalemembersofthisinfluentialJewishfamilyescapedtoavoidarrestbytheNazis,thewomenwereaidedbyacompassionateandquick-thinkingArabneighbor.HamzaAbdulJalilTheownerofaneighborhoodbathhouseinTunisiahidayoungJewishmanwhowastryingtoevadeaNazidragnetforforcedlaborers.JosephScemlaBetrayedbytheirArab'friend,'thisTunisianJewishmanandhistwosonssufferedtheultimatefate--deportationtoGermanyandexecutionataNaziprison.

MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers

Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria? asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,TheJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.

GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. *Children’sbookWestBank ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom

Holocaustmemorial,JewishCemeteryBorgel,Tunis.

Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco? KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.

GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. *Children’sbookWestBank ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom

Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt? Mohammed“Mod”Helmy

Paris GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. *Children’sbookWestBank ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom

Mohamed“Mod”Helmy

Mohamed“Mod”Helmy“IfanyothercountryofferedtohonorHelmy,

wewouldhavebeenhappywithit,”MervatHassan,thewifeofHelmy’sgreat-nephew,toldtheAP.

Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.

Paris?

GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddourBenghabrit. WestBank ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom

"Tothememoryofthedirector,thestaffandthestudentsofthisschool,arrestedin1943and1944bytheVichypoliceandtheGestapo,deportedandexterminatedatAuschwitzbecausetheywereborn

Jewish"

Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.

GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. Israel ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom

Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,MiddleEast asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.

GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. Israel ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom

NeveShalom

1949ArmisticeAgreement

IsraeliJewsandArabsPlant'GardenoftheRighteous'

toHonorForgottenHolocaustHeroes

MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana

Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina

Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo

MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana

ALBANIANS

AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana

“InhonouroftheAlbanianmenandwomenwhoduringtheNaziGermanoccupation,1943-1944,guidedbytheprincipleofbesaandatgreatrisktothemselves,shelteredandsavedthelivesofallJewishpeoplelivinginAlbania.”

“Thegatesofyoursmallcountryremainedopen,Albania.Yourauthoritiesclosedbotheyes,whennecessary,togivepoorpersecutedpeopleanotherchancetosurvivethemosthorribleofallwars.Albania,wesurvivedthesiegebecauseofyourhumanity.”EscapeThroughtheBalkans

byIreneGrunbaum

MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers

Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana

Rhodes,Greece

MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers

Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana

InoccupiedEurope,TurkeywastheonlycountrythatstoodupwhileJewsweretakentocampstobekilled.Ateveryturnitbravelyandforcefullytriedtoprotectitscitizens.

AllwhowereinvolvedinthesavingofJews,everywhere,andthereweremanyinEuropeaswell,promotedthemselvesassuch.WhereastheTurkishdiplomatswhodidthisdon’tseemtohavemadeanyefforttogetrecognition.ThismaybepartofTurkishcharacteraswell.

TheQuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews

Istanbul

“WallofHonor”

Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina Sarajevo Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo

Sarajevo

Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina Sarajevo MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovina Gariwo

MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovina

FiftyyearsaftertheHolocaust,whenin1994SarajevowasundertheattackofSerbforces,

Zejnebaandherfamilywereingreatdistress....

ItwasnowtheStateofIsraelthatpaidbackthedebtandhelpedtheHardagasintheirtimeofdistress.

ZejnebaHardaga

Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina Sarajevo MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovina Gariwo

SvetlanaBroz

GardensoftheRighteousSarajevo

SvetlanaBroz

SvetlanaBrozWhenarttransmitsmemorytheportraitsoftheRighteousbyFrancineMayran

AFaceInscribedwithLifeAFaceInscribedwithLife

CertificateSchoolforCivilCourage

AFaceInscribedwithLife

TheatricalPerformanceaboutCivilCourage

AFaceInscribedwithLife

DuskoKondorGARIWO

DirectoroftheSeminarsonCivilCourageFebruary22nd2007

Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina Sarajevo MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovina Gariwo Macedonia Skopje HolocaustMemorialCenterfortheJewsofMacedonia

HolocaustMemorialCenterfortheJewsofMacedonia,Skopje

MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimandArabRescuers Berlin,Germany Berlin Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy SilentHeroesMemorialSite

London,England FaithMatters“RighteousMuslims” Amsterdam

Berlin

MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimandArabRescuers Berlin,Germany Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation SilentHeroesMemorialSite

GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation

SilentHeroes

MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimandArabRescuers Germany Berlin Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation SilentHeroesMemorialSite

London,England FaithMatters Amsterdam

Faith-MattersTheRoleofRighteousMuslims

KhaledAbdulWahab

MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Germany Berlin Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation SilentHeroesMemorialSite

JewsandMuslimsSavingEachOtherTentrueinstanceswhenJewsandMuslims

–attimesriskingeverything–savedeachother'slives.

http://virtualjerusalem.com/news.php?Itemid=18921

HopefullyNot

TheEnd

IreneGrunbaumEscapeThroughtheBalkanshttps://www.amazon.com/Escape-through-Balkans-Autobiography-Grunbaum/dp/0803270828RobertSatloffAmongtheRighteous(book)https://www.amazon.com/Among-Righteous-Robert-Satloff/dp/1586485105RobertSatloffAmongtheRighteous(pbsvideo)http://www.pbs.org/newshour/spc/among-the-righteous/index.htmlhttps://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/online-features/special-focus/among-the-righteousHolocaustmemorial,JewishCemeteryBorgel,Tunis.https://jewishphotolibrary.smugmug.com/AFRICA/AFRICANorth/TUNISIA/TUNIS/TNTunisJewishCemeteryBorgel/n-TBcC8F/i-WtJTFcKMoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablancahttp://casajewishmuseum.com/ModHelmyhttp://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/helmy.asphttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2470135/Dr-Mohamed-Helmy-Family-Arab-honoured-saving-Jew-Nazis-rejects-award.htmlhttp://www.gedenktafeln-in-berlin.de/nc/gedenktafeln/gedenktafel-anzeige/tid/mod-helmy/

KarenGrayRuelle&DeborahDurlandDeSaixTheGrandMosqueofParis:AStoryofHowMuslimsRescuedJewsDuringtheHolocausthttps://www.amazon.com/Grand-Mosque-Paris-Muslims-Holocaust/dp/0823423042ArabInstituteforHolocaustResearch,Nazarethhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Kasab_MahameedMepeace.orghttp://mepeace.org/NeveShalom“GardenoftheRighteous”http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.730893NormanGershmanBesa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringtheHolocausthttps://www.amazon.com/Besa-Muslims-Who-Saved-Jews/dp/0815609345Besa:ThePromisehttp://besathepromise.com/thefilm.htmlPalmer,C.T.&A.L.Palmer2016“WhyTraditionalEthicalCodesPrescribingSelf-SacrificeAreaPuzzletoEvolutionaryTheory:TheExampleofBesa”JournaloftheAssociationfortheStudyofEthicalBehavior/EvolutionaryBiologyinLiterature,12(1):40-50.http://www.christopherxjjensen.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/BesaASEBL2016.pdf

JewishMuseumofRhodeshttp://www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org/QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJewshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_TurkeyTurkishPassporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Passport_(film)MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovinahttp://muzejsarajeva.ba/en/depadance/the-jewish-museumhttp://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/hardaga.aspGariwohttp://www.gariwo.org/en/HolocaustMemorialCenterfortheJewsofMacedonia,Skopjehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_Memorial_Center_for_the_Jews_of_MacedoniaStolpersteinhttp://www.stolpersteine.eu/en/GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundationhttp://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/home/

OttoWeidt(film)http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-blind-hero-new-film-tells-of-unsung-schindler-otto-weidt-who-saved-jews-from-nazi-death-camps-9042395.htmlSilentHeroesMemorialSitehttp://www.museumsportal-berlin.de/en/museums/gedenkstatte-stille-helden/Faith-Mattershttp://faith-matters.org/VirtualJerusalemhttp://virtualjerusalem.com/news.php?Itemid=18921YadVashem“MuslimRescuers”http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/muslim_rescuers.aspYadVashem“BesaExhibit”http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/besa/index.aspProjectAladdinhttp://www.projetaladin.org/en/en-10-2.htmlSeedsofPeacehttp://www.seedsofpeace.org/

YadVashem“MuslimRescuers”http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/muslim_rescuers.aspYadVashem“BesaExhibit”http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/besa/index.asp

NamesandNumbersofRighteousAmongtheNations-perCountry&EthnicOrigin,asofJanuary1,2016ThenumbersofRighteousarenotnecessarilyanindicationoftheactualnumberofrescuersineachcountry,butreflectthecasesthatweremadeavailabletoYadVashem.Formoreinformation>>>Albania 75 Italy 671Armenia 24 Japan 1Austria 107 Latvia 135Belarus 618 Lithuania 889Belgium 1,707 Luxembourg1Bosnia 42 Macedonia 10Brazil 2 Moldova 79Bulgaria 20 Montenegro1Chile 1 Netherlands 5,516China 2 Norway 62Croatia 115 Peru 1Cuba 1 Poland 6,620CzechRepublic115 Portugal 3Denmark* 22 Romania 60Ecuador 1 Russia 197Egypt 1 Serbia 135ElSalvador 1 Slovakia 558Estonia 3 Slovenia 7France 3,925 Spain 7Georgia 1 Sweden 10Germany 587 Switzerland 47GreatBritain(Incl.Scotland)21 Turkey 1Greece 328 Ukraine 2,544Hungary 837 USA 5Indonesia 2 Vietnam 1Ireland 1 Total:26,120 http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/statistics.asp

Muslims Who Risked Their Lives to Save Jews During the Holocaust

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