By Randy, Kelvin, David, Andrew, Annie

Music History

What is Music ? an artistic form of auditory communication

incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner.

the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments.

One True Definition of Music !

“music is universal and yet it is also relative and subjective.”

Music is the singing of the birds ….

the whistling of a boy as he’s walking ….

the beautiful sounds a pianist produces as he touches the keys of a piano.

Origin of Music (History) Six periods of music Each period has a particular style of music

that greatly contributed to what music is today

1• Medieval, Middle Ages (500-1400)

2• Renaissance (1400-1600)

3• Baroque (1600-1760)

4• Classical (1730-1820)

5• Romantic (1815-1910)

6• 20th Century (1900-2000)

Origin of Music (History)

Structure

Music Timeline Introduction Music Forms and Styles Musical Instruments

Medieval Ages Music Timeline (500-1400)

Pic Credit - Replica of the helmet found at Sutton Hoo, in the burial of an Anglo-Saxon leader, probably a king, about 620 in the Early Middle Ages[1]

Medieval Music Timeline musical notation began as well as the birth of

polyphony

Early music notation

Monophonic and Polyphonic Remarkable continuity : categorized into

monophonic and polyphonic styles monophonic means one note at a time while

polyphonic two or more different notes at the same time.

Plainchant (Plain Song) a form of medieval church music that

involves chanting Emerged around 100 A.D Only type of music allowed in Christian

churches early on it was believed that music should make a

listener receptive to spiritual thoughts and reflections

The Introit, scripted in “neumes” in the 14th—15th century

Gregorian Chant

The Beginning of Polyphony a characteristic of Western music based on

plainchant improvising with parallel melodies, with emphasis

on fourth (ex. C to F) and fifth (ex. C to G) intervals

the start of polyphony wherein several musical lines were combined

As singers continued experimenting with melodies, polyphony became more elaborate and complex

The Lute

is shaped like a pear a short neck, a sound hole carved with a rose pattern

strings that varied in numbers early lute is the peg box which was angled back

RenaissanceMusic Timeline (1400-1600)

Renaissance or "rebirth," a period of significant changes in history, including music

Humanism in Music A new philosophy called “humanism” developed

in Italy It emphasized that life should be viewed as a

preparation for death

Dutch composers and musicians were arranged to teach and perform in Italian courts

the invention of printing helped spread these new ideas

Instrumental Music

By the second half of the 1500s instrumental

music began to take shape

The lute was widely used at that time

eventually mixed instruments were used

Mix instruments are played

Renaissance Musical Instruments

The Shawm The Dulcian The Trumpet

The shawm

has a conical bore, only wider

It has 7 to 8 finger holes

at the end of the bore is a large bell

was mostly used in outdoor ceremonial events

Dulcian The dulcian is a predecessor of the shawm A precursor of the bassoon Dulcians are easier to transport than the shawm

due to its smaller size Dulcians produce sound that is less piercing than

the shawm

Trumpet

The most commonly used is the B flat trumpet There is also the C, D, E flat and piccolo trumpet

Baroque Music Timeline (1600-1760)

"baroque" comes from the Italian word "barocco" which means bizarre (very strange)

Baroque

a time when composers experimented with form,

styles and instruments.

the development of opera and instrumental

music

The violin was also considered an important

musical instrument during this time

Venice and the Opera In 1573, a group of musicians and intellectuals came together to

discuss various subjects This group of individuals are known as the “Florentine Camerata”,

The composer Claduio Monteverdi was an important

contributor, specifically his opera ”Orfeo”; the first opera to

gain public welcome

In Europe, the earliest four stringed violin was used in the first part of the century

fairly easy to start learning mostly suitable for children 6 years and older

Violin

Viola The first violas are believed to have

been made in the 15th century During the 18th century, it was used to

play the part of the cello. an important member of a string

ensemble.

It is tuned a fifth lower than the violin It’s functions as the tenor instrument in a string ensemble. the viola has become an integral part of every string

ensemble

Double Bass

The double bass isn't as popular as other string instruments

but is essential in most kinds of ensemble especially jazz

bands.

In 1516 there was an illustration closely resembling that of a double bass.

It is like a huge cello and is played the same way By rubbing the bow across the strings Striking the strings

The Harp

It is surprisingly easy to start

Not a lot of people play the harp

Even finding a teacher may be

difficult.

One of the most beautiful sounding instruments

How to Play: The musician blows air into a thin, tapered

double reed and cover or uncover the holes.

Oboe

Classical Music Timeline (1730-1820)

is characterized by simpler melodies such as the sonatas.

The primary instrument is Piano

Style Galant

a simple yet more direct style of music.

Middle class also appreciate

less complicated and easy to understand

Sentimental Style This style was adapted by composers

reflected feelings and situations experienced

in daily life

New music styles of Classical period

It had simpler harmony and clearer tonality

Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori created around

1709 in Florence.

Changes in his early invention became

the basic of the modern piano.

very popular in the mid-18th century

Romantic Music Timeline (1815-1910)

is characterized by using music to tell a story or express an idea

the use of various instruments including wind instruments

Beethoven and Romanticism

One of his most popular works is the Ninth Symphony He influenced a new crop of young composers guided by the

ideals of Romanticism.

Wrote choral, chamber music and opera.

studied under Haydn, was also influenced by the works

of Mozart began to lose his hearing at age 28,

losing it completely by age 50.

What is Romanticism? a concept that included different art

mediums; from music to painting to literature.

During the 19th century, Vienna and Paris were the centers of musical activity

Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, by Caspar David Friedrich is an example of Romantic painting.

believed in allowing their imagination and passion

different from the Classical belief of logical order and clarity

What is Romanticism?

The Flute

The Saxophone

The Tuba

20th Century

Music Timeline (1900-2000)

brought about many innovations on how music was performed and appreciated

used technology to enhance compositions

20th Century Music is defined by the sudden emergence of

advanced technology no longer limited to concerts, opera-houses,

clubs, and domestic music-making

Rock and roll

often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll

evolved in the United States during the late

1940s and early 1950s

combination of African American blues,

country, jazz and gospel music.

Either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument generally replaced by guitar in the middle to late 1950s now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock".

Hip Hop Music

also called rap music

consisting of a stylized rhythmic music

commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic

and rhyming speech that is chanted

four key stylistic elements:

rapping, scratching, breaking and graffiti writing

Music has changed the world ? When some people get sad, they often

start listening to music, which then calms

them down

If it wasn't for music, then this world

would've been insane

References

Music Education : http://musiced.about.com/

Medieval : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_music

Renaissance : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_music

Baroque : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_music

Classical : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_period_(music)

Romantic : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_music

20th Century : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_classical_music

Any Question ?

Thank you