• Discuss the causes of migrations, both forced and voluntary.

• Evaluate internal (national) and international migrations in terms of their geographic (socio-economic, political and environmental) impacts at their origins and destinations.

Definitions

• Migration: The movement of people, involving a change of residence. It can be internal or external and voluntary or forced. It does not include temporary circulations such as commuting or tourism.

• Migrant: A person who (1) belongs to a normally migratory culture who may cross national boundaries, or (2) has fled his or her native country for economic reasons rather than fear of political or ethnic persecution.

Command word…

DISCUSS

Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

https://qed.princeton.edu/getfile.php?f=Human_Migration_1918-98.jpg

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/geog/population/migration_map.shtml

Date

Country of Origin (Source)

Destination (Host)

Ravenstein: Why do people migrate?

• Push factors are the reasons why people leave an area, known as the source.

• Pull factors are the factors that attract people to a new place, known as the host.

Limitations of Models

• All models are simplistic representations of reality. They contain hidden assumptions that can be unrealistic:

• all people are free to migrate.• all people have the skills, education and

qualifications which allow them to move. • there are minimal barriers to migration, such as

race, class, income, language and gender. • distance is not a major factor in migration.

Lee’s Model

What are these intervening obstacles?

For tomorrow

• Go to:

http://www.forced-migration.org

Select ‘Research Resources’.

Choose one case study, and identify specific reasons for migration (forced).