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Monday December 16th 2013QU: Why do we breathe?
**Need book the rest of the Semester**
OBJ: Biome Video: Frozen Tundra
“Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”
Tuesday December 17th 2013QU: How does cellular respiration allow
life to continue?
**CR Project Due Friday!!**
OBJ: Finish Biome, Over Test, Start PRJ
Cellular Respiration
Plants and Animals…
Plants - Autotrophs: ◦self-producers.
Animals - Heterotrophs: ◦consumers.
In what organisms does cellular respiration take place?
WHY? (cont.)
Cellular respiration’s main function◦Turn glucose into useable ATP
◦38 ATP per Glucose molecule ◦Also forms carbon dioxide and water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP)
WHERE?
Cellular Respiration occurs in the…◦Cytoplasm
Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm)◦Mitochondria
Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner
Mitochondrial Membrane
Where does Cellular Respiration occur?
WHERE? (cont.)
Innermembrane
Outermembrane
Innermembrane space
Matrix Cristae
What happens in Cellular Respiration?
Thursday December 19th 2013QU: How do you think cellular respiration is
similar to our respiration?
**Make sure to BRING YOUR BOOK!!!*
OBJ: CR Notes and CR Prj
“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”
WHAT?
Cellular Respiration:◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring
process that uses energy to extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose). Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP)
AMP, ADP, ATP
Adenosine Tri-Phospate:◦Made of three things
1.) Ribose (sugar) 2.) Adenosine (base) 3.) Three phosphates
◦ Key to the activity of ATP
AMP, ADP, ATP
ATP works by losing the end most phosphate.
As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate.
◦With each lost phosphate more energy is released
This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contract muscles, etc
ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy
AMP
ADP ATP
HOW: Steps of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis and Krebs Cycle
and Substrate Level Phosphorylation
WHAT? (cont.)
Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts.◦1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose)◦2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the
energy from glucose◦3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase:
Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use
**In total makes 38 ATP**
Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria.
Two phases:A. Energy investment phase
-Put energy in
B. Energy yielding phase-Get energy out
Glycolysis: Step 1
Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration
Glucose (6C)
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP)
2 ATP - used0 ATP - produced0 NADH - produced
2ATP
2ADP + 2P
C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C C-C-C
Glycolysis: Step 2
Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C)
Pyruvate (2 - 3C)
0 ATP - used4 ATP - produced2 NADH - produced
4ATP
4ADP + 4P
C-C-C C-C-C
C-C-C C-C-C
GAP GAP
(PYR) (PYR)
Glycolysis: The final picture
Total Net Yield:
2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR)2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP)
2 - NADH
Thursday December 19th 2013QU: How is energy released from the ATP?
*CR Project Due Friday at the end of the hour*
OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project
“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”
“The In-between”
The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each.
Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA
C-C-C C-C-C (PYR) (PYR)
C-C C-CAcetyl CoA Acetyl CoA
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C).
It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule.◦Oxidize: remove electrons for energy
MitochondrialMatrix
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Total net yield (2 turns of Krebs Cycle)
1. 2 - ATP
2. 6 – NADH
3. 2 - FADH2
4. 4 - CO2
Friday December 20th 2012QU:
OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project
“In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.”
Step Location Net Gain of ATPs1. 2.
*CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour***CR Quiz on Friday**
***Journals Due Friday***
Steps of Cellular RespirationElectron Transport Chain (ETC)
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Location: inner mitochondrial membrane.
ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) make ATP.
ETC is a series of transport proteins that pump H+ and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water.
InnerMitochondrialMembrane
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration.
Each NADH converts to 3 ATP.Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP.
Water is also made
Electron Transport Chain
Total ATP Yield…
Total ATP Yield
1. 04 ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle2. 34 ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield
ETC Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Fermentation
Makes ATP without oxygen◦Anaerobic Process
Only uses glycolysis
Fermentation
Net gain of 2 ATP◦By product is CO2 and alcohol in plants◦By product is lactic acid in humans
The burn you feel when you exercise
Friday December 20th 2013QU:
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Notes and PRJ
Stage of Cellular Respiration
Location of Stage
# of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)
**CR Project Due at end of Hour**
HAPPY BREAK! BE SAFE and MAKE GOOD DECISIONS!
Monday January 6th 2014QU: Are there more ATPs produced in
Cellular Respiration or Fermentation?
**Test 1/8 On Chapter 7**
OBJ: Over Project, Practice Quiz
Tuesday January 7th 2014QU:
**Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday**
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review
Stage of Cellular Respiration
Location of Stage
# of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)
Binder Organization: Ch 7
Chapter 7 Hand Written NotesCellular Respiration ProjectCellular Respiration Practice QuizCellular Respiration Graphic OrganizerCellular Respiration Chapter ReviewChapter 7 Test Answer Sheet
WedNesday January 8th 2013QU: How did you study for this test?
**Chapter Review to the HW Bin**
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test, Org Binder