Transcript of Module 32: Assessing Intelligence Unit 6: Testing and Individual Differences.
- Slide 1
- Module 32: Assessing Intelligence Unit 6: Testing and
Individual Differences
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- Assessing Intelligence Intelligence is whatever an intelligence
test meaures. Intelligence Test: A method for assessing an
individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of
others, using scores.
- Slide 3
- Origins of Intelligence Testing When laws for mandatory
schooling began, testing was needed to separate those who needed
extra attention and those who didnt. Testing was a way to minimize
bias. Alfred Binet: French psychologist who invented the first
practical intelligence test to identify students who needed special
help.
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- Origins of Intelligence Testing Alfred Binet (below) and
Theodore Simon developed questions that would predict childrens
future progress in the Paris school system. The Binet-Simon Scale
measured a childs mental age.
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- Origins of Intelligence Testing Mental age: the age that most
typically corresponds to a given level of performance. A child who
does as well as the average 8 year old has a mental age of 8. A
child can have a mental age smaller or larger than their
chronological age. Mental age of 8, chronological age of 6.
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- Origins of Intelligence Testing Lewis Terman: Stanford
professor who adapted Binets test for American school children. The
Stanford-Binet test is widely used today.
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- Origins of Intelligence Testing William Stern: German
psychologist who created the IQ. IQ = Mental age Chronological age
x 100 IQ = 10 8 x 100 A child with a mental age of 10 and a
chronological age of 8: Thus the average IQ is 100. = 125
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- Origins of Intelligence Testing Terman believed in eugenics and
testing was a way to curb the production of feeble-minded children.
Eugenics: 19 th century movement that proposed measuring human
traits and using the results to encourage only smart and fit people
to reproduce.
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- Origins of Intelligence Testing The U.S. government curbed
immigration using IQ tests to stop those less intelligent from
coming to America. Thus one major drawback of testing is labeling
children as inferior, slow, or unfit. Prejudice can come from not
just skin color, but from intelligence.
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- Modern Tests of Intelligence Aptitude: the capacity to learn.
Aptitude tests: a test designed to predict a persons future
performance. Ex. ACT (college readiness), drivers test (driving
ability), Selective enrollment test (HS), etc. Scores on the SAT
and IQ tests has a +.82 correlation.
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- SAT and IQ Correlation
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- Modern Tests of Intelligence Achievement tests: a test designed
to assess what a person has learned. Ex. Tests, quizzes, AP Exam,
etc. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS): most widely used
intelligence test today. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
(WISC): intelligence test for children.
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- Test Construction Psychological tests must meet 3 criteria to
be accepted: standardized, reliable, and valid. Standardization:
give test to a representative sample AND assure that the test is
both administered and scored the same for everyone. It defines what
the score you get means!
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- Test Construction Normal Curve: a bell shaped curve in which
most scores fall near the average and fewer scores are at the
extremes.
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- Test Construction Reliability: the extent to which a test
yields consistent results. Repeat the test to see if, over time,
you get the same results. Methods of measurement include
test-retest(use same test), split-half (odd-even halves), and
alternate form(different forms of same test).
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- Test Construction Validity: what the test is supposed to
measure or predict. Content Validity: measures a particular
behavior or trait. Driving test measures driving ability.
Predictive Validity: able to predict future achievement. ACT must
be able to predict college readiness or its not valid.
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- Extremes of Intelligence No real predictors for intelligence
among babies up to 3 years of age. Beginning at age 4, intelligence
tests begin predicting adult scores. At age 7, intelligence scores
stabilize.
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- Extremes of Intelligence A valid test divides people into two
extreme groups: mentally retarded (IQ 135).
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- Extremes of Intelligence Mental retardation: low test score and
difficulty living independently.
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- Extremes of Intelligence Gifted children makes up 3 5% of the
population. They are sometimes more isolated, introverted, and in
their own worlds, but most thrive and are successful. High scorers
tend to be healthy, well adjusted, and academically
successful.