Modernisation of Library Resources: Emerging trends for Engineering Colleges

Dr. H. Anil Kumar

Librarian, IIM Ahmedabad

Outline

• Trends in the Education and its Ecosystem

• Libraries and their relevance today

• Emerging trends in managing libraries

• A case of Vikram Sarabhai Library

• A few useful resources

http://onicra.com/intranet/2013/Onicra-Pulse-Jan-2013-Quality-of-Education-In-India-v2.html

India Skills Report 2014 by People Strong, Wheebox and CII

Government Initiatives in Education• Improve Access

– More institutions– Improve infrastructure– E-learning– Improve GER

• Improve quality– Entry - admissions– Experience

• Design - curriculum• Delivery – pedagogy• Choice based credits• Teacher training• Learning materials

– Evaluation• Learning focus• Application orientation• Grades vs marks

http://www.aicte-india.org/stinstitutes.php

http://www.thenational.ae/business/technology/lack-of-demand-and-poor-quality-blamed-for-decline-in-enrolment-in-indias-engineering-colleges

Source: Indiastats database

000

India and education• Education

– Identify what to get educated on

– Identify which institution provides it

– Apply –Exam - Admission – Fees

– Coursework – Exam – Certificate (credible)

• Education today

– Too many applicants and too few seats

– India GER is a little over 19%

– Unemployable – skill deficiency

– Employer is educating!

• Quality of education

– Lack of access to

• Teachers

• Courses

• Information Resources

• Something wrong in pedagogy

– Low reading – Academically adrift

– 5% learning in the classroom

“Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school..."- Albert Einstein

Resources 20%Environment 20%Connectivity 20%Output 40%

Society

Government

Institutions

Scholarship

Publishing

Peer review

Information

Data

Technology

Knowledge

Education

Talent

OPEN ECOSYSTEM

topcoder.com

okfn.org/opendata/

http://index.okfn.org/

oaspa.org

scholarlyoa.com

http://www.openscholar.org.uk/open-peer-review/

http://www.openedition.org/

• The proportion of the UK’s total annual research output that was available through open access in 2012 was about 40%, compared to a worldwide average of 20%.

• The latest data from the UK Open Access Implementation Group shows that 35% of the UK’s total research outputs are freely provided through Green, through an existing network of more than 200 active institutional and disciplinary repositories

Serials expenditures have been rising at approximatelytriple the rate of the consumer price index over this time

http://www.opendoar.org/

https://www.oercommons.org/

http://nptel.ac.in/

http://ocw.mit.edu/

http://www.openuped.eu/

https://www.edx.org/

https://www.coursera.org/

http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in

http://fossee.in/

• Michael Ellsberg

• The author of The Education of Millionaires: It’s Not What You Think and It’s Not Too Late.

• He spent two years interviewing the nation’s most successful people who didn’t graduate college, and who instead majored in street smarts

Read more: http://business.time.com/2012/07/12/the-glorious-end-of-higher-educations-monopoly-on-credibility/#ixzz2D8AMYSQt

http://www.computer.org/portal/web/e-learning/home

www.jaaga.in

Technology Advantages

• Learn at your own pace and interest

• Supplement learning in the classroom

• Less dependency on formal support

• Explore new ways of learning

• Variety and wide range of topics

Learning and education

• Formal methods– Classroom training– Laboratory training– On the job or apprenticeship

• Non-formal methods– Self-study and Reading– Watching, seeing and trying

• Sources– Institutes / schools / industries / employers– Libraries and laboratories– Internet

Libraries

Why go beyond formal methods?

• The 95 Percent Solution: School is not where most Americans learn most of their science by John H. Falk and Lynn D. Dierking

• Recent findings challenge the longstanding belief that the place for science knowledge acquisition is the classroom.

• International comparisons of trends in science knowledge over lifetimes suggests that much if not most science knowledge is acquired outside of school.

American Scientist: v. 98 (Nov-Dec), 2010

• The prison industry needs to plan its future growth –

how many cells are they going to need?

How many prisoners are there going to be, 15 years from now?

• And they found they could predict it very easily, using a pretty simple algorithm, based on asking what percentage of 10 and 11-year-olds couldn't read. And certainly couldn't read for pleasure.

Indian Express, December 14, 2104

• Well-meaning adults can easily destroy a child's love of reading: stop them reading what they

enjoy, or give them worthy-but-dull books that you like, the 21st-century

equivalents of Victorian "improving" literature. You'll wind up with a generation convinced that reading is uncool and worse, unpleasant.

• China in 2007, at the first party-approved science fiction and fantasy convention in Chinese history.

• It's simple, he told me. The Chinese were brilliant at making things if other people brought them

the plans. But they did not innovate and they did not invent. They did not imagine. So they sent a delegation to the US, to

Apple, to Microsoft, to Google, and they asked the people there who were inventing the future about themselves.

• And they found that all of them had read science fiction when they were boys or girls.

Universities, ours and theirs

Krishna Kumar (in The Hindu, August 9, 2012)

• Recruitment of faculty

• Concept of teaching (periods)

• Concept of knowledge – research

• Library

• The fourth critical difference lies in the library. In the West, even in the most ordinary universities, the library forms the centre of life, both for teachers and students. Librarians enjoy a high status as their contribution to academic life cuts across academic disciplines…..

www.libraryasincubatorproject.org

• Librarians versus Search Engines• Discoverability versus Availability• Access versus Control

Indian Express, Aug 24, 2014

Libraries

Users

• Students

• Faculty

• Others

Collection

• Physical

• Digital

Staff

• Professional

• Others

Services

• Physical

• Digital

• Collection

• Space

• AccessibilityPhysical

• Content

• Design: User friendly

• Least restrictionsDigital

Understanding the trends

USERS

Technology

CollectionStaff

Libraries Internal and External sources

• Student Projects• Syllabus and course design• Technical Notes• Course Materials• Student made

Tools/Materials• News Paper Clippings

(Jobs/Courses)• Question papers

• Commercial– Books– Videos / CDs– Online resources

• Open Access– Books– Journals– Educational Videos– Educational courseware

Tech

no

logi

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in L

ibra

rie

s Library Automation

Proprietary to OSS

Storage

Devices to Cloud

Identification

Barcode, Tattle-tape, RFID, Biometric, etc

Information Capture

Key board, Scanner, Digital Cameras, Mobiles

Network

Client-server, P2P, Internet, Cloud

Databases

Books, articles, reports, aggregators, publishers, Irs

Integration and Management

Catalogs, IRs, Multimedia, Datasets, Archives, etc

Technologies in Libraries

• User Focus– need not worry where the information is located– Anytime-Anywhere, Device independence– Less human interface (RFID)– Customised and profile based display, search, update, etc

• Usage statistics – walk-ins, usage, downloads, ROI

• Retrieval Convenience– Seamless integration of various sources/formats– Remote login / VPN– Simple OPAC to Federated searches to Discovery

Trends

• Ownership to Access

• Closed to open systems

• Mass to Niche

• Skills to knowledge

• Referral to reference

• Search to Discovery

Discovery service

• Single search – interface - Integrated approach

• Central index - Subscribed content - Connectors

• Open Access Resources

• Enhanced refinements like facets, topics, geographies, formats, etc

• Display of integrated results – relevancy, date, etc

• Fast response time

http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

• AquaBrowser – Proquest

• Axiell Arena

• Biblio Commons

• Blacklight (OSS)– Columbia, Cornell, etc

• Chamo – VTLS (III)

• Encore – Innovative Interfaces Inc.

• Enterprise – SirsiDynix

• Iguana – Infor

• VUFind (OSS) – Villanova University

• EBSCO’s Discovery Service (EDS)

• Ex Libris Ltd.’s Primo Central Index (PCI)

• Serials Solutions’ Summon (SSS)

• OCLC’s WorldCat Local (WCL)

Criteria

• Trial and costs• Actual discovery - search• Strength of the Central

Index• Content connectors• Content neutrality vs

convenience • Integration with ILMS,

Union Catalogue, IR, etc• Search Features and user

customisation• Advanced search

• Web 2.0• Subject guides• Local customisation like

market research reports, videos, etc

• Branding the library• Next gen features like Mobile• Opinion / experience of

fellow professionals

• Of course the support and delivery!

Other Key Issues and opportunities

• Staffing

• Research Assistance, Database mining, IL, etc

• Resource / product understanding

• Professional managers

• Information Literacy

• Archiving Institutional Knowledge -Institutional Repositories

• Lib 2.0; Long Tail

• Open Access; Legal Issues (DMCA,..)

• Space – digital and physical - Reading Space

• Outsourcing

– IT: ILS, Hardware, Software - SaaS to PaaS to IaaS

– Manpower

• Routine jobs

• IT staff

• Remote login, Discovery, IR

• News archives

• RFID, etc

• Ebooks – Demo!

Libraries

Education is moving from

• Information sharing to learning

• Teacher to learner

Libraries have to move from supporting to partnering roles and facilitate:

• Reading

• Discussion

• Incubation

• Connecting

Safe, Social and Learning spaces

The key is…

• User convenience

– whether it is …• Book recommendation

• Remote login

• Federated search and discovery

• Access beyond our library - Union catalogue / ILL

• The future is OPEN

– OSS, OLE, extensible catalog, etc

Regulatory perspectives

AICTE Requirements

• Modern library

• Important part of inspection / verification

• List of books (titles)

• Last three pages of accession register

• Invoices of latest purchases, etc

AIC

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01

3-1

4

NAAC PerspectiveCriteria University Autonomous

College

Affiliated/

Constituent College

I Curricular Aspects 150

(15)

100

(10)

50

(5)

II Teaching-Learning and Evaluation 250

(25)

350

(35)

450

(45)

III Research, Consultancy and Extension 200

(20)

150

(15)

100

(10)

IV Infrastructure and Learning Resources 100

(10)

100

(10)

100

(10)

V Student Support and Progression 100

(10)

100

(10)

100

(10)

VI Governance and Leadership 150

(15)

150

(15)

150

(15)

VII Innovative practices 50

(5)

50

(5)

50

(5)

Total Score 1000 1000 1000

NAAC Perspective

• Does the library have an Advisory Committee? Specify the composition of the committee.

• What significant initiatives have been taken by the committee to render the library student/user friendly?

NAAC Perspective

• Total area of the library (in Sq. Mts.)

• Total seating capacity

• Working hours (on working days, on holidays, before examination, during examination, during vacation)

• Layout of the library (individual reading carrels, lounge area for browsing and relaxed reading, IT zone for accessing e-resources)

• Clear and prominent display of floor plan; adequate sign boards; fire alarm; access to differently-abled users and mode of access to collection

NAAC Perspective

a) Print (books, back volumes and theses)

b) Average number of books added during the last three years

c) Non Print (Microfiche, AV)

d) Electronic (e-books, e-journals)

e) Special collections (e.g. text books, reference books, standards, patents)

NAAC Perspective: Collections

What tools does the library deploy to provide access to the collection?

• OPAC, Electronic Resource Management package for e-journals

• Federated searching tools to search articles in multiple databases

• Library Website

• In-house/remote access to e-publications

• Library automation

• Total number of computers for public access

• Total numbers of printers for public access

• Internet band width speed 2mbps / 10 mbps / 1 GB

• Institutional Repository

• Content management system for e-learning

• Participation in resource sharing networks/consortia (like INFLIBNET)

Usage• Average number of walk-ins

• Average number of books issued/returned

• Ratio of library books to students enrolled

• Average number of books added during the last four years

• Average number of login to OPAC

• Average number of login to e-resources

• Average number of e-resources downloaded/printed

• Number of IT (Information Technology) literacy trainings organized

Specialized services

• Manuscripts, Reference

• Reprography

• Inter-library Loan Service

• Information Deployment and Notification

• OPACS

• Internet Access

• Downloads

• Printouts

• Reading list/ Bibliography compilation

• In-house/remote access to e-resources

• User Orientation

• Assistance in searching Databases

• INFLIBNET/IUC facilities

• Provide details of the annual library budget and the amount spent for purchasing new books and journals.

• What initiatives has the university taken to make the library a ‘happening place’ on campus?

• What are the strategies used by the library to collect feedback from its users?

• How is the feedback analysed and used for the improvement of the library services?

• List the efforts made towards the infrastructural development of the library in the last four years.

NAAC Perspective

An ideal engineering library

Recommendations

• The minimum floor space required should be not less than 5,000 sq ft for a student strength of upto 240. Beyond this the space should proportionately increase.

• The library should have minimum of one journals database for each branch

• At least one e-book database

• Open Access resources should be tapped and also create your own repository (student project reports, etc)

• The library at the start should have at least four qualified (MLISc) staff at librarian (with around 10 years experience) and assistant librarian levels. The librarian should be treated equivalent to faculty. They can be supported by 3 interns and 2 stack assistants.

Recommendations

• The library should adopt open source software for its automation and other services like institutional repository, etc.

• The usage of library should be documented and monitored.

• A part of the library should allow users to bring their own materials and use library as a learning, reading and discussion space. This should be available 24X7.

• Libraries should have membership of important larger libraries of IITs, IIMs, Societies, INDEST Consortium, INFLIBNET, etc.

Library Budget

60 students 120 students 180 students 240 students 300 students 360 students

Students fee at 50,000 30,00,000 60,00,000 90,00,000 1,20,00,000 1,50,00,000 1,80,00,000

Library Budget

at 4% 1,20,000 2,40,000 3,60,000 4,80,000 6,00,000 7,20,000

at 6.5% 1,95,000 3,90,000 5,85,000 7,80,000 9,75,000 11,70,000

at 10% 3,00,000 6,00,000 9,00,000 12,00,000 15,00,000 18,00,000

240 students 480 students 720 students 960 students 1,200 students 1,440 students

Students fee at 50,000 1,20,00,000 2,40,00,000 3,60,00,000 4,80,00,000 6,00,00,000 7,20,00,000

Library Budget

at 4% 4,80,000 9,60,000 14,40,000 19,20,000 24,00,000 28,80,000

at 6.5% 7,80,000 15,60,000 23,40,000 31,20,000 39,00,000 46,80,000

at 10% 12,00,000 24,00,000 36,00,000 48,00,000 60,00,000 72,00,000

E-resource Spending (in Rs.) 18 lakhs (indicative)

IEEE 6,10,000

ASME Or Springer or Wiley 1,50,000

ASCE or Wiley 1,70,000

McGraw Hill Eng 1,32,000

Elsevier 4,00,000

ASTM Digital Library 75,000

Ebrary 2,50,000

IT and related investmentServer 500X2 GB,4GB - Rs. 2.00 L

10 computers - Rs. 4.00 L

Barcode readers - 2- Rs. 0.12 L

Printers 2 - Rs. 0.20 L

Photocopier/ Scanner/ Printer- Rs. 2.20 L

Total (approx) - Rs. 8.5 lakhs

• ILS – Rs 1L• Remote Rs. 0.50 L

• 15% AMC• Internet (campus)– Rs. 10 lakhs p.a

• RFID, CCTV etc

Relevant Library Networks

DELNEThttp://delnet.nic.in

INDESThttp://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/

INFL

IBN

ETw

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CHEERS

Focused Services• Faculty

– Induction

– Individual research based

– Remote login

– Database support

• Student

– Personalised (ex: ABM)

– Clubwise

– Remote login

– Display of books by alumni / faculty

• RA / TA

– Personalised help

– Sessions

• External Researchers

– Library Membership

– NICMAN membership

♦ The library has been automated using Koha

♦ Discovery Search Engine

♦ A – Z Journal Search

♦ Remote login solution

♦ VSL is wi-fi enabled

♦ D-space for IR

♦ Website using – Joomla

♦ Collection is bar-coded

Information Technology Applications @ VSL

EBSCO Discovery Search Service

EBSCO Discovery Search Service

EBSCO Discovery @ VSL

Direct link to New Arrivals, IR, Online

Resources, etc.

Enhanced Option for IR

Search only for reports

EBSCO Discovery - 2014

EBSCO Discovery - 2014

Search only for reports

Multimedia Search

Search Image/Video

Video Collection

Image Collection

Multimedia Search Result

A- Z Resources Link

A-Z Resources link

VS Library A- Z Journals Search Page

Login into personalized folder

Creating an EBSCOhost Account

Login into personalized folder

Creating of new account

Managing personalized folder

Can export, save results

Save items in folder

Account summary

Setting local search preferences

Setting local search preferences

Setting local search preferences

Ask a Librarian

Ask a librarian link

Ask a Librarian page

User can send direct query to the librarian

Search Options

Major subject discipline

Conti. Search Options

Search modes

Further limit results

Can create/set up an alert

Creating an Alert

Creating alert for the term

Creating an Alert

RSS feed setting

Setting up an alert by e-mail

One can set frequency of an

alert

Simple Search

Search History

Simple search

Search History/Alerts

Search History/Alerts

Search Help

Quick search help

Search Help

New Arrivals

New Arrival Icon

V S Library New Arrivals

Institutional Repository

Institutional Repository Icon

IIMA Institutional Repository

Web OPAC Link

Web OPAC Icon

Web OPAC Page

Online Resources Link

Online Resources Icon

Online Resources Page

Library Services Link

Library Services Icon

Library Services Page

Library Timings Link

Library Timings

Library Timings Page

Discovery Mobile site

Mobile Site iPhone and

Android Apps

EBSCO Discovery Mobile Site

Discovery iPhone and Android apps download

Advanced Search Option

Advanced Search Option

Advanced Search Option

Link to VSL homepage

Search Options

Advanced Search Option

Integration of IR & catalog, Search can be Limit to

Library catalog, IR

Facility to limit Search with other

IIMs catalog

Total results on given query

Filters for search results

Filter by relevance

Result page options

Result Share options

Filters for search results

Newswires

Term related news - Newswire

Term related Images

Related news articles

Can Listen by Accent

Full text HTML

Personalized tools

Can translate in optional

languages

Related news articles

Can translate in optional

languages

Can add in personalized

folder

Can create not and save

Result from Research starters - Business

Result from Research Starters

Result from Research starters - Business

Searching from Open repository

Open repository search

Open repository searching

Searching through further tools

Explore more, searching TED talk

Searching TED

Latest Business news from Reuters

Reuters News

Latest Business news from Reuters

Available in Library collection

Books available in IIMA library

limit to time between 2001-2010

In collection book detail

Holding information

Full detail of book with cover

page

Documents on Marketing @ IIMA

Institutional Repository

Searching through IIMA IR

Documents on Marketing @ IIMA

Institutional Repository

Full detail of document with link of full text

Searching through IIMA IR

IIMA Institutional Repository

Books available in other IIMs

Book detail IIM Bangalore

Accessing tem in IIMB Catalog

Can make Inter Library Loan

Request

Login for IIMs

IIM Bangalore Online catalog

Further Filters

Further Filters: Source types, Subject, Publishers, Publication, etc.

Refine your search by source types

Refine your search by Subject

Refine your search by Publisher

Further Filters

Further Filters

Refine your search by Publication

Refine your search by Geography

Refine your search by Language

Further Filters

More content providers

Refine your search by Content provider

EBSCO Support site, etc.

EBSCO Support site, Privacy Policy, Terms of use , Copyright, etc..

EBSCO Support site

EBSCO Support site FAQs, Training

EBSCO Discovery Tutorials and Support center's links

Year to year usage of EDS and journal downloads

Year SearchesTotal Full

TextPDF Full Text HTML Full Text

Image/Video

Abstract Smart Link To Custom Link

2014 87,24,501 51,672 45,508 6,080 4 48,084 4,299 12,566

2013 60,90,507 42,173 37,829 3,831 5 45,901 2,941 11,002

2012 20,49,743 22,885 20,804 1,443 7 23,050 1,280 5,119

Total 1,68,64,751 116,730 104,141 11,354 16 117,035 8,520 28,687

0200400600800

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(Up toOct 14)

Per day Usage

Per day Usage

Year Per day Usage

2008 354

2009 471

2010 368

2011 468

2012 580

2013 608

2014 581

Library transactions (2008 through 2014)

Particulars 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Daily Walk In (Average per

day)167 171 205 204 259 355 387

Circulations (Average per

day)80 84 80 77 82 90 100

Inter Library Loan and

Reference (Average per

month)

83 76 83 93 82 117 177

Books Added (Average per

month)231 175 231 273 263 242 659

Data Validation (Average per

day)135 135 135 135 135

Database searches Average

per day972 12,632 8,592 8,021 8,457 22,490 30,362*

Journals downloads Average

per day354 471 368 468 580 608 581*

Library OPAC

page views / per day642**

Library Website

page views / per day445**

Institutional Repository

page views / per day 384**

* Jan to Oct** Mar to Nov

Users @ VSL

User @ VSL

Users @ VSL

OPEN ACCESS RESOURCES

http://teachingexcellence.mit.edu/

http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/

http://stvp.stanford.edu/

blossoms.mit.edu

teachengineering.org

http://www.realworldengineering.org/

tryengineering.org

physicscentral.com

http://www.raeng.org.uk

http://www.learnerstv.com

www.nasa.gov

oercommons.org

phet.colorado.edu

nroc.math.org

www.free vidoelectures.com

htt

p:/

/ww

w.c

olle

geo

pen

text

bo

oks

.org

/

http://openstaxcollege.org

dsc.discovery.com

discoveryeducation.com

www.sciencechannel.com

www.techpedia.in

koha-communiy.org

http://www.dspace.org/

www.opencast.org/matterhorn/

http://www.avalonmediasystem.org/

http://projecthydra.org/

http://www.fodors.com/news/photos/worlds-20-most-stunning-libraries

http://www.buzzfeed.com/harpercollins/16-bookstores-you-have-to-see-before-you-die-9npd

THANKS

anilkumar@iimahd.ernet.in