Post on 16-Mar-2020
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH JOURNAL (IEARJ)
Volume 03, Issue 08, Aug 2019
E-ISSN: 2456-6713
41 | P a g e
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER
*J. Santhosh Kumar1, G. Sarath2, B. Siddeswara Rao3
1M.TECH Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brahmaiah College of Engineering, North Rajupalem,
Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India 524366.
2Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brahmaiah College of Engineering, North Rajupalem,
Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India 524366.
3Principal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brahmaiah College of Engineering, North Rajupalem, Nellore,
Andhra Pradesh, India 524366.
Abstract: Centrifugal blowers are utilized extensively for on-board naval applications that have high noise levels. The noise
generated with a rotating component is principally because of random loading pressure around the blades and periodic iteration
of incoming air using the blades from the rotor. The Contemporary blades in naval applications comprise Aluminum or Steel and
generate noise that triggers disturbance to folks working close to the blower. The current work is aimed at observing the option of
E-Glass instead of metal for much better vibration control. E-Glass, recognized for their superior damping characteristics tend to
be more promising in vibration reduction when compared with metals. The modeling from the blower ended by solid works. It's
suggested to create blower with Epoxy glass, evaluate its strength and deformation using FEM technique. To be able to evaluate
the potency of E-Glass and metal blower using FEA packaged (ANSYS). Modal analysis is conducted on Aluminum and E-Glass
blower to discover first five natural frequencies.
Keywords: Blower design, E-Glass blower, noise levels, vibration control.
I. INTRODUCTION:
Blowers are one of the mechanisms used regularly in
submarines. They are installed in ventilation and air
conditioning systems in almost all submarine compartments.
Ventilation systems usually presented by central systems
include supply and exhaust fans, serve for ventilation of
accommodation and other than accommodation areas with
atmospheric air with simultaneous ventilation of storage
batteries and for air cooling and purification from harmful and
smelling impurities. Air conditioning systems are presented by
local, compartment group and single duct systems. These
systems are used to provide comfortable conditions in terms of
air temperature and humidity for the crew in accommodation
areas, air purification in galleys, provision rooms, and sanitary
areas and also for air mixing in compartments.
Fig. 1: Centrifugal Blower
1.1 TYPES:
The two most common types of Centrifugal Blowers are
1. Pressure Blowers
2. Volume Blowers.
1.2 CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER OPERATING
PRINCIPLE:
The centrifugal blower operating principle is similar to
centrifugal fan, but the pneumatic compaction process usually
passes several job impellers or several grades Carry on under
the at odds with the community or the leadership action of
force. The air blower has a high-speed trochanter rotated, the
blade at the trochanter drives the high-speed sports of air, the
centrifugal force makes the air flow into the air blower and
export along the involute in the chassis of the involute shape,
the high-speed air current has certain wind pressure. It is
supplemented that the new air is entered by the centre of the
chassis.
Also used to produce negative pressures for industrial vacuum
systems
1. Major types are centrifugal blower and positive-
displacement blower
2. The impeller is typically gear-driven and rotates as
fast as 15,000 rpm
3. Efficiency drops with multi-staging staging due to the
path taken from stage to stage
4. One characteristic is that airflow tends to drop
drastically as system pressure increases
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH JOURNAL (IEARJ)
Volume 03, Issue 08, Aug 2019
E-ISSN: 2456-6713
42 | P a g e
5. Positive Positive-displacement displacement blowers
have rotors, which "trap" air and push it through
housing.
6. Positive-displacement blowers provide a constant
volume of air even if the system pressure varies. They
are especially suitable for applications prone to
clogging,
They turn much slower than centrifugal blowers (e.g. 3,600
rpm), and are often belt driven to facilitate speed changes.
1.3 CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER WORKS:
A centrifugal blower has several; fan blades that are mounted
around a hub, which turns on a driveshaft that goes directly
through the housing of the blower. The gas will penetrate from
the fan wheel side, than will turn 90 degrees and then will
accelerate. This process is possible because the centrifugal
force will flow over the fan blades and will exit through the fan
housing.
Fig. 2: working blowers
SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT WORK:
The Contemporary blades in Centrifugal Blower used in naval
applications are made up of Aluminum or Steel. The objective
of present work is to design a Impeller of a Centrifugal blower
with four materials.
Which are:
Aluminum Alloy 1060
Graphite
Titanium
E-glass/Epoxy
BLOWER POWER CALCULATION:
Blowers can be categorized as either (1) positive displacement
blowers, which provide a constant volume of air at a wide range
of discharge pressures, or (2) centrifugal blowers, which
provide a wide range of flow rates over a narrow range of
discharge pressure (USEPA, 2010). Table 1 summarizes the
types of blowers in each category and provides information on
operation, air flow rates, advantages, and disadvantages
Metric unit – For volumetric air flow
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Table 1: Overview of blower types
Blower Type
Nominal
Blower
Efficiency
(%)
Nominal
Turndown
(% of rated
flow)
Positive displacement
(variable speed) 40-65 50
Multi-stage
centrifugal (inlet
throttled)
50-70 60
Multi-stage
centrifugal (variable
speed)
60-70 50
Single-stage
centrifugal, integrally
geared (with inlet
guide vanes and
variable diffuser
vanes)
70-80 45
Single-stage
centrifugal, gearless
(high speed turbo)
79-80 50
1.5 APPLICATIONS OF CENTRIFUGAL BLOWERS:
Centrifugal blowers work for applications such as heating a
furnace with hot air where a large air volume is required to fill
the space. This includes:
Climate control
Cooling machinery
Dryers
Dust collectors
Exhausting gases and vapours
Filter installations
OPERATION:
Voltage and Power Selection:
1. The voltage, frequency and phase of the power supply
must be consistent with the motor nameplate rating.
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH JOURNAL (IEARJ)
Volume 03, Issue 08, Aug 2019
E-ISSN: 2456-6713
43 | P a g e
a. The motor will operate satisfactorily on voltages
within 10% of the nameplate value or frequency
within 5%. The combined variation must not
exceed 10%.
2. The Allegro blowers are designed to operate from a
grounded, 115 VAC 60Hz single phase power source.
Fig. 1.3: Centrifugal blower with parts and dimensions
II. MODELING OF CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER:
2.1 INTRODUCTION OF SOLID WORKS:
2.1 THE SOLID WORKS SOFTWARE:
The Solid Works software is a mechanical design automation
application that takes advantage of the Microsoft® Windows®
graphical user interface. This software makes it possible for
designers to quickly sketch out ideas, experiment with features
and dimensions, and produce models and detailed drawings.
2.2 SOLIDWORKS FUNDAMENTALS:
Solid Works Fundamentals introduces you to the following
areas:
Concepts. Review the principal concepts found in the
SolidWorks software.
Terminology. List the common SolidWorks terms
used in the design process.
User interface. Describe the graphical user interface.
Design intent. Examine model design in the context
of the SolidWorks software.
Design method. Create a basic 3D model.
Model editing. Review multiple editing options.
SolidWorks resources. Describe the SolidWorks
resources.
CONCEPTS:
The SolidWorks software enables you to design models quickly
and precisely. SolidWorks designs are:
Defined by 3D design
Based on components
3D DESIGN:
Solid Works uses a 3D design approach. As you design a part,
from the initial sketch to the final model, you create a 3D entity.
From this 3D entity, you can create 2D drawings, or you can
mate different components to create 3D assemblies. You can
also create 2D drawings of 3D assemblies.
SKETCHES:
Creating a model begins with a sketch. From the sketch, you
can create features. You can combine one or more features to
make a part. Then, you can then combine and mate the
appropriate parts to create an assembly. From the parts or
assemblies, you can then create drawings.
A sketch is a 2D profile or cross section. To create a 2D sketch,
you use a plane or a planar face. In addition to 2D sketches, you
can also create 3D sketches that include a Z axis, as well as the
X and Y axes.
There are various ways of creating a sketch. All sketches
include the following elements:
• Origin
• Planes
• Dimension
• Relations
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH JOURNAL (IEARJ)
Volume 03, Issue 08, Aug 2019
E-ISSN: 2456-6713
44 | P a g e
ORIGIN:
The sketch on the right also includes a centerline. The center line
is sketched through the origin, and is used to create the revolve.
SKETCH DEFINITIONS:
Sketches can be fully defined, under defined, or over defined.
In fully defined sketches, all the lines and the curves in the
sketch, and their positions, are described by dimensions, or
relations (see the following section), or both. It is not necessary
to fully define sketches before you use them to create features.
However, you should fully define sketches to complete a part.
ASSEMBLIES:
You can create multiple parts that fit together to create
assemblies. You integrate the parts in an assembly using Mates,
such as Coincident or Collinear. With tools such as Move
Component or Rotate Component, you can see how the parts
in an assembly function in a 3D context.
DRAWINGS:
You create drawings from part or assembly models. Drawings
are available in multiple views. Views include a set of standard
3 views, isometric view (3D), and so on. You can import the
dimensions from the model document, add annotations such as
datum target symbols, and so on.
III. DESIGN:
CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER DESIGN:
Fig 3.1: The above design is the blower
Fig 3.2: Cover of the centrifugal blower
IV. ANALYSIS OF CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER:
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS:
For all engineers and students coming to finite element analysis
or to ANSYS software for the first time, this powerful hands-
on guide develops a detailed and confident understanding of
using ANSYS's powerful engineering analysis tools. The best
way to learn complex systems is by means of hands-on
experience. With an innovative and clear tutorial based
approach, this powerful book provides readers with a
comprehensive introduction to all of the fundamental areas of
engineering analysis they are likely to require either as part of
their studies or in getting up to speed fast with the use of
ANSYS software in working life.
V. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD:
5.1 INTRODUCTION:
The finite element method (FEM) (its practical application
often known as finite element analysis (FEA)) is a numerical
technique for finding approximate solutions of partial
differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral equations.
The solution approach is based either on eliminating the
differential equation completely (steady state problems), or
rendering the PDE into an approximating system of ordinary
differential equations, which are then numerically integrated
using standard techniques such as Euler's method, Runge-
Kutta, etc.
WHY IS FEM NEEDED?
To create more reliable, better quality designs.
To reduce the amount of prototype testing
Example surgical implantation such as artificial knee
To stimulate designs that Is not suitable for prototype
testing
The bottom line
o Cost saving
o Time saving-reduce time to mark
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH JOURNAL (IEARJ)
Volume 03, Issue 08, Aug 2019
E-ISSN: 2456-6713
45 | P a g e
DISADVANTAGES
To some problems the approximations used do not provide
accurate results
For vibration and stability problems the cost of analysis by
FEA is prohibited
Stress values may vary from the mesh to average mesh
analysis
5.4 ANSYS FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARE:
ANSYS is a complete FEA software package used by engineers
worldwide in virtually all fields of engineering.
• Structural
• Thermal
• Fluid including (CFD)
• Electro magnetic
VI. ANALYSIS OF CENTRFUGAL BLOWER:
6.1 STATIC ANALYSIS:
Static analysis of Centrifugal blower is performed by ansys
software to determine stress and deflection.
6.2 CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER ANALYSIS:
Fig. 6-1: Geometry of centrifugal blower
Fig. 6-2: Meshing of centrifugal blower
RESULT OF STATIC ANALYSIS:
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH JOURNAL (IEARJ)
Volume 03, Issue 08, Aug 2019
E-ISSN: 2456-6713
46 | P a g e
MODEL ANALYSIS:
Frequency of centrifugal blower
The above figure shows the deformations of the centrifugal
blower
CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) analysis on
centrifugal blower:
Mesh:
Geometry:
Residuals:
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH JOURNAL (IEARJ)
Volume 03, Issue 08, Aug 2019
E-ISSN: 2456-6713
47 | P a g e
Mass flow rate:
Mass Flow Rate (kg/s)
-------------------------------- ----------------------
inlet 6.9402698
interior-blower 0
interior-lower_housing 0
interior-solid -2.0715279e+22
interior-upper_housing 0
outlet 6.9970046e+20
wall-solid 0
wall_outer 0
wall_solid-blower 0
wall_solid-lower_housing 0
wall_solid-upper_housing 0
---------------- ----------------------------------------
Net 6.9970046e+20
Central pressure:
Center of Pressure - Set Coordinate x = 0 (m)
Zone y z
------------------------- --------------- ---------------
wall-solid -0.020981665 20.70913
wall_outer 0.0041060113 8.0123914
wall_solid-lower_housing 0 0
wall_solid-upper_housing 0 0
wall_solid-blower 0 0
------------------------- --------------- ---------------
Net -0.026403507 23.453095
VII. RESULT AND CONCLUSION:
Modelling and simulation of centrifugal blower fan has done
using Solid Works software.
After observing the static and dynamic analysis values we
can conclude that e-epoxy has the better stress bearing
capacity compared with the other materials except titanium
deformation values by showing its better strength values to
the applied loads.
During Flow simulation at impeller output velocity is
decreased compared to inlet velocity, where as output
pressure is increased compared to inlet pressure.
By using cost analysis methods, the material cost of each
metal is noted shown in graphs and we can observe that
cost of e-epoxy is slightly more than aluminum and this
can be reduced in long run of manufacturing.
E-glass/Epoxy material is non-metallic component so, the
chattering noise will be low compared to other materials
during the functioning process.
For manufacturing the centrifugal blower impeller we can
proceed with Epoxy/E-glass material because it has high
stress bearing capacity and reasonable manufacturing cost.
REFERENCES:
1. Raymond A. Loew, Joel T. Lauer, Joseph McAllister and
Daniel L. Sutliff, “Advanced noise control Fan”, Twenty-
Fifth Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground
Testing.
2. Jeon Wan-Ho and Lee Duck-Joo, “A numerical study on
the flow and sound fields of centrifugal impeller located
near a wedge”, Journal of sound and vibration, Volume
266, Number 4, pp. 785-804.
3. Jianfeng MA, Datong QI and Yijun MAO, “Noise
reduction for centrifugal fan with non-isometric
forwardswept blade impeller”, Energy Power Engineers,
Volume 2, Number 4, pp. 433–437.
4. M. Carudina, “Noise generation in vane axial fans due to
rotating stall and surge”, Journal
5. Rama Krishna Shinagam, Rama Krishna A and Ramji k,
“Experimental study on reduction of motor-fan noise by
modification of blade and shroud configuration”,
Proceedings of the institution of Mechanical Engineers,
Part C, Journal of mechanical engineering science, Volume
224, Number 2, pp. 315-320.
6. Mohand Younis, Farid Bakir, Smaine Kouidri and Robert
Rey, “3D unsteady flow in a centrifugal fan: impeller-
volute interaction”, Journal of Computational and Applied
Mechanics, Volume 8, Number 2, pp. 211-223.