Post on 16-May-2015
Warm Up – Page 26Warm Up – Page 26
1.1. What are the 5 characteristics What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral?of a mineral?
2.2. Copy down today’s EQ and Copy down today’s EQ and date on page 27.date on page 27.
3.3. Turn in your syllabus (only the Turn in your syllabus (only the bottom portion)bottom portion)
4.4. Have your notebook open to Have your notebook open to your vocab homeworkyour vocab homework
How do we identify How do we identify minerals?minerals?
Mineral Identification Mineral Identification LabLab
Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by theirtheir
1.1. HardnessHardness – a – a mineralmineral can can scratchscratch any mineral any mineral softersofter than than itself but will be itself but will be scratchedscratched by a by a mineral mineral harderharder than itself than itself
a.a. MohsMohs Hardness Scale – ranks Hardness Scale – ranks minerals from minerals from softestsoftest to to hardest on a scale of one to hardest on a scale of one to ten. ten. TalcTalc is the softest is the softest known mineral, and known mineral, and diamonddiamond is the hardest known mineral.is the hardest known mineral.
Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by theirtheir
2.2. Color – some Color – some mineralsminerals are are always the same always the same colorcolor (sulfur is always yellow, (sulfur is always yellow, malachitemalachite is always green is always green and azurite is always and azurite is always blueblue); ); most minerals come in a most minerals come in a varietyvariety of colors of colors
http://www.minresco.com
http://www.gems-afghan.com
http://www.globalcrystals.com
http://www.prettyrock.com
Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by theirtheir
3.3. StreakStreak – the color of a – the color of a mineral’s mineral’s powder;powder; the color the color of a mineral’s streak does of a mineral’s streak does not not changechange like the color of like the color of the mineral maythe mineral may
http://www.uky.edu/KGS
Streak is the color of a mineral powder. Many minerals appear a different color when powdered than they do as a big piece. The color may be entirely different, or it may be a different shade.
http://cmsc.minotstateu.edu
http://cmsc.minotstateu.edu
Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by theirtheir
4.4. Luster – how a mineral Luster – how a mineral reflectsreflects light from its light from its surfacesurface; some ways to ; some ways to describe luster are describe luster are shiny,shiny, earthy, earthy, metallic,metallic, waxy, and waxy, and pearlypearly
Copyright © Dr. Richard Busch
Courtesy United States Geological Survey Courtesy United States Geological Survey
Each reflects light differently – that is luster!
Which of these words would you use to describe these minerals?Glassy, metallic, dull, silky, waxy, pearly
Waxy luster
Glassy luster
dull luster
metallic luster metallic luster
Glassy luster
Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by theirtheir
5.5. DensityDensity – all minerals have – all minerals have a a characteristiccharacteristic density; no density; no matter the size of the matter the size of the sample, its density will sample, its density will remainremain the the samesame
How tightly packed the atoms are will make something heavy.
Every mineral has its own density.
These two items may have the same size – but do not weigh the same.
Why?? Because the brick has atoms that are more tightly packed together than the styrofoam.
This means for equal size, they have their own special weight.
http://www.palagems.com
Which one is worth more?
How could you tell?
The first one is topaz (worth a lot) and the second is citrine quartz (not worth a lot).
A scientist would measure their densities and they would be different!
Copyright © Dr. Richard Busch
http://www.wired-artist-jewelry.comhttp://webphysics.davidson.edu
http://www.fabreminerals.com
http://www.fabreminerals.com
Crystal video clip
Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by theirtheir
6.6. Crystal System – the crystal Crystal System – the crystal structuresstructures are divided into are divided into sixsix groupsgroups
a.a. CubicCubicb.b. HexagonalHexagonalc.c. TetragonalTetragonald.d. OrthorhombicOrthorhombice.e. MonoclinicMonoclinicf.f. TriclinicTriclinic
Cleavage means it breaks the same way every time.
Fracture means it breaks in a random pattern that cannot be predicted.
www.mrsciguy.com
Calcite and halite break a special way.
donsmaps.com www.visionlearning.com
Quartz and chert break in a random pattern. There is not way to predict how they break.
Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by theirtheir
7.7. Cleavage and Cleavage and fracturefracture – the – the way a mineral way a mineral breaksbreaks apart apart helps us identify ithelps us identify it
a.a.CleavageCleavage – splits – splits apartapart along along flatflat surface surface
b.b.Fracture – breaks apart in Fracture – breaks apart in an an irregularirregular way way
Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by theirtheir
8.8. Special Special PropertiesProperties – some – some minerals are identified by minerals are identified by their special propertiestheir special propertiesa.a.FluorescenceFluorescence – minerals – minerals
that glow under that glow under ultraviolet lightultraviolet light
b.b.MagnetismMagnetismc.c. RadioactiveRadioactived.d.Chemically ReactiveChemically Reactivee.e.ElectricalElectrical Properties Properties
Special PropertiesSpecial Properties
MagnetismRadioactivity Chemical Reaction
Fluorescence
Salty TasteBut NEVER taste things in the lab! Double Image
Warm Up – Page 26Warm Up – Page 26
What are the 8 ways we can What are the 8 ways we can identify minerals?identify minerals?
Is Your Sample . . .?Is Your Sample . . .?
StreakStreak
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Hematite – 3Hematite – 3 Hematite is a compound – Hematite is a compound –
FeFe22OO33 (iron and oxygen) (iron and oxygen) Start Over
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Pyrite – 4Pyrite – 4 Pyrite is a compound – FeSPyrite is a compound – FeS22
(iron and sulfur)(iron and sulfur) Start Over
HardnessHardness
Penny (1-2)Penny (1-2)
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Magnetite – 14 Magnetite – 14 Magnetite is a compound – Magnetite is a compound –
FeFe+2+2FeFe22+3+3OO44 (iron and (iron and
oxygen)oxygen) Start Over
LusterLuster
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Galena (7)Galena (7) Galena is a compound – PbS Galena is a compound – PbS
(lead and sulfur)(lead and sulfur) Start Over
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Graphite – 9Graphite – 9 Graphite is an element – C Graphite is an element – C
(carbon)(carbon) Start Over
ColorColor
Yellow Other
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Sulfur – 8Sulfur – 8 Sulfur is an element - SSulfur is an element - S Start Over
HardnessHardness
Fingernail Penny 6+
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Calcite – 5Calcite – 5 Calcite is a compound – Calcite is a compound –
CaCOCaCO33 (calcium, carbon, and (calcium, carbon, and oxygen)oxygen)
Start OverStart Over
LusterLuster
GlassyGlassy PearlyPearly
ColorColor
Colorless/WhiteColorless/White BrownishBrownish
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Halite – 15Halite – 15 Halite is a compound – NaCl Halite is a compound – NaCl
(Sodium and Chloride – salt)(Sodium and Chloride – salt) Start OverStart Over
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Muscavite Mica – 2Muscavite Mica – 2 Muscavite Mica is a Muscavite Mica is a
compound – KAlcompound – KAl22(Si(Si33AlOAlO1010))(OH,F)(OH,F)2 2 (Potassium, (Potassium, Aluminum, Silicon, Oxygen, Aluminum, Silicon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Fluorine)Hydrogen, and Fluorine)
Start OverStart Over
ColorColor
Pale Green/Gray/WhitePale Green/Gray/White Colorless/WhiteColorless/White
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Talc – 13Talc – 13 Talc is a compound – Talc is a compound –
MgMg99SiSi44OO1010(OH)(OH)44 (magnesium, (magnesium, silicon, oxygen, hydrogen)silicon, oxygen, hydrogen)
Start OverStart Over
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Gypsum – 12Gypsum – 12 Gypsum is a compound – Gypsum is a compound –
CaSOCaSO44*2H*2H22O (Calcium, O (Calcium, Sulfur, Oxygen, Hydride)Sulfur, Oxygen, Hydride)
Start OverStart Over
LusterLuster
GlassyGlassy PearlyPearly
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
Microcline FeldsparMicrocline Feldspar Microcline Feldspar is a Microcline Feldspar is a
compound – KAlSicompound – KAlSi33OO88 (Potassium, Aluminum, (Potassium, Aluminum, Silicon, and Oxygen)Silicon, and Oxygen)
Start OverStart Over
Your Sample IsYour Sample Is
QuartzQuartz Color – Clear/colorless – Rock Color – Clear/colorless – Rock Quartz – 10Quartz – 10
Color – Pink – Rose Quartz – Color – Pink – Rose Quartz – 66
Quartz is a compound – SiOQuartz is a compound – SiO22 (Silicon and Oxygen)(Silicon and Oxygen)
Start OverStart Over
Conclusion – Page 26 Out Conclusion – Page 26 Out activityactivity
What was the easiest mineral What was the easiest mineral property to identify?property to identify?
What was the hardest mineral What was the hardest mineral property to identify?property to identify?
What did you learn from this lab?What did you learn from this lab? Write a haiku about minerals. A Write a haiku about minerals. A
haiku is a three line poem with 7 haiku is a three line poem with 7 syllables in the first line, 5 in the syllables in the first line, 5 in the second, and 7 in the third. It second, and 7 in the third. It does not rhyme.does not rhyme.