Post on 05-Apr-2018
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Methamphetamine
Hafsa Bilal
3009
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What is Methamphetamine?
Methamphetamine is a central nervous
system stimulant drug that is similar in
structure to amphetamine.
Also known as:
"speed", "ice", "meth", "crystal" and "crank"
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Mode of action
Methamphetamine acts on the pleasure
circuit in the brain
Causes the release of nuerotransmitters such
as Dopamine or NE, and blocks their
breakdown causing building up of DA and NE
which causes the feeling of Euphoria and
pleasure.
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Clinical uses
In treatment of ADHD
Exogenous obisity.
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Signs and symptoms of meth abuse:
Methamphetamine's negative effects include, but are notlimited to, the following:
Hyperactivity
Irritability
Visual hallucinations Auditory hallucinations (hearing "voices")
Suicidal tendencies
Aggression
Suspiciousness, severe paranoia Shortness of breath
Increased blood pressure
Cardiac arrhythmia
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Stroke
Sweating
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Long periods of sleep ("crashing" for 24-48 hours ormore)
Prolonged sluggishness, severe depression
Weight loss, malnutrition, anorexia
Itching (illusion that bugs are crawling on the skin)
Welts on the skin
Involuntary body movements
Paranoid delusions
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Physiological effects
abnormally high blood pressure
rapid and irregular heart rate and rhythm
seizures
damage to blood vessels in the brain (stroke)accumulation of excess fluid in lungs, brain tissue and skull
continuous/excessive dilation of the pupils
impaired regulation of heat loss
hyperpyrexia (body temperatures higher than 104)internal bleeding; damage to other organs caused by
disruption of blood flow
and breakdown of muscle tissue leading to kidney failure
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Routes of administration
Many different routes of administration are
used to take methamphetamine and it is
typically used in a cycle. The drug may be
snorted, smoked, orally ingested, or injected.
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Acute Use of Meth:
As a powerful stimulant, methamphetamine,even in small doses, can increase wakefulnessand physical activity and decrease appetite. Abrief, intense sensation, or rush, is reported by
those who smoke or inject methamphetamine.Oral ingestion or snorting produces a long-lastinghigh instead of a rush, which reportedly cancontinue for as long as half a day. Both the rush
and the high are believed to result from therelease of very high levels of theneurotransmitter dopamine into areas of thebrain that regulate feelings of pleasure
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Short term effect:
increased attention
decreased fatigue
increased activity decreased appetite
euphoria and rush
increased respiration hyperthermia
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What is addiction to meth?
Long-term methamphetamine abuse results in
many damaging effects, including addiction.
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing condition,
characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and
drug use which is accompanied by functional
and molecular changes in the brain
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Chronic abuse of Meth
chronic methamphetamine abusers exhibitsymptoms that can include violent behavior,anxiety, confusion, and insomnia. They also can
display a number of psychotic features, includingparanoia, auditory hallucinations, mooddisturbances, and delusions (for example, thesensation of insects creeping on the skin, called
"formication"). The paranoia can result inhomicidal as well as suicidal thoughts.
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Long term effect
Long-term effects of methamphetamine:
dependence
addiction psychosis
paranoia
hallucinations
mood disturbances
repetitive motor activity
stroke
weight loss
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withdrawal
an increased apetite. Symptoms may last fordays with occasional use and weeks or monthswith chronic use, with severity dependent on
the length of time and the amount ofmethamphetamine used. Withdrawalsymptoms may also includeanxiety, irritability,headaches,
agitation,akathisia,hypersomnia, (excessivesleep) vivid or lucid dreams. Deep REM sleepand suicidal ideation.
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Treatment of abuse
Outpatient behavioral therapies are the
standard treatment for methamphetamine
abuse and dependence, although inpatient
treatment is sometimes used.1 Cognitivebehavior therapy and contingency
management programs have been successfully
used in treating cocaine addiction and mayhave some benefit in treating
methamphetamine addiction
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1015/p1169.htmlhttp://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1015/p1169.html8/2/2019 Methamphetamine Ppt
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