Post on 01-Dec-2018
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 1
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO DE ENGENHARIA CIVILMESTRADO EM URBANISMO E ORDENAMENTO DO TERRITÓRIOMESTRADO EM PLANEAMENTO E OPERAÇÃO DE TRANSPORTES
LICENCIATURA EM ENGENHARIA DO TERRITÓRIO
Course: Urban Mobility Management
Prof: Rosário Macário
Theory Lectures
Session 1 and 2: Complexity and elements of urban mobility system
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 2
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INTERVENTIONS LEVELS
Three fundamental levels of decision-making: Strategic: define the objectives to pursue and the resources to mobilize Tactical: define the solutions types (technologies) and make the planning
(capacity, networks, schedules) Operational: execute the planned production
Successful of the process At each level it is needed to have some idea of the implications of decisions
of lower levels Nevertheless, it is necessary to assemble retro-action processes that allow to
adjust decisions to each superior levels which lower level analysis reveals In a democratic society, the strategic level should be policy makers responsibility
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 3
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Methodological instruments at the various decision-making levels
There are different methodological dominant tools in decision-making activities at different levels: Operational Level:
Traffic Engineering of the various modes + Operational Research
Tactical Level: Planning: Mathematical modeling of demand & GIS + Techniques for evaluating
projects + Communication and Negotiation Techniques Project: Traffic Engineering of the various modes + Geometric modeling
Strategic Level: Methods of Economic Analysis, Policy, Strategic & Institutional+ Game theory
As the decision making level up, increases the level of abstraction, the temporal depth of analysis and the margin of error in evaluation processes
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 4
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The relation with other subjects (I)
The limitations of resources and the need to provide transport supply that fit properly (and recognized as such) for their customers require assistance from other technical specialties: Economy (shortages management) Psychology (understand the citizen perception of the system) Sociology (understand the motivations and behaviors in social group) Communication (ensure the information efficiency through formatting of the
contents and the selection of the distribution channel) Political Science (understand the decision-elected logic and make the
analysis of the problem in order to reflect its objectives and constraints, rarely explicit)
The ability to communicate the results of our work is even more essential, which leads to UMM the domain of strategic marketing
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 5
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The relation with other subjects(II)
A team leader must understand the role of each specialty and manage the various contributions It is desirable that MEC, MUOT, MPOT even junior, acquires (by study and
by contact with experts) knowledge in these other subjects, in order to improve their ability to dialogue - and eventually prepare himself for a position of teams leadership in the future
In this evolution there will be many cases where you already know from other specialties which will permit to solve their own issues but it is essential to recognize when you're facing an issue which
requires intervention of a specialist in a specific field (that you are not) and do not hesitate to call that expert, carefully specifying the problem and what is expected of their intervention
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 6
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Difficulties of Urban Mobility Systems Management (I)
SStrategic
goals of the system
Stakeholders interest S
T T
O Service performance
Monitoring criteria
Measuring tools O
Dec
isio
n Le
vels
Decision Levels
consistency gap
Relation between decision levels
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 7
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Difficulties of Urban Mobility Systems Management(II)
Customer perspective
Service provider
perspective Decision levels
Strategic
(QE) (QT) Tactic
(QP) (QD)Operational
Productive
problem
Valuation
problem
Interference with objective assessment
Delivery Gap
SatisfactionGap
PerformanceGap
Market misreading
Gap
Appreciation (observation + judgement) conditioned by expectation filter
Concept of multidimensional and unstable quality
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 8
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The management structure of UMS
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 9
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feed-back flow
feed-back flow
Definition of Steering Function(institucional design, policies, instruments, process control)
Configuration of system supply (services, infrastructures, intermodal links)
Ensure the provision of infrastructures and services (network design, contracting, services and infrastructures)
Strategic definition of the system
Monitoring
Performance of all components
FACTORS / ENABLERS
Land use
Polic
y &
inst
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inte
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Socio-economic development
Enviroment feed-back flow
process flow
CONTINUOUS STEERING PROCESS
Factors and Processes
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 10
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Evaluation and alignment purposesAssessment and Alignment
Infrastructure performance
Operators performance including self-service modes
Clients' efficieny in consumption
SYSTEM RESULTS
Performance ofoff-line agents
SYSTEM IMPACTS
UMS Performance
Externalities
Direct
Global
Indirect
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 11
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What is the urban mobility system?
structured and coordinated set of modes, services and infrastructure to ensure the displacement of persons and goods in the city.
consisting of several elements, one physical and material character, others organizational, institutional, and finally, others of logical character.
a vital element of the competitiveness of the city, because of that is a sub-system of the urban system and it is used to development of the city
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 12
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Urban mobility system properties
Robustness, i.e. stability and long-term sustainability; Adaptability, i.e. dynamic capability of adapting services to the
requirements of developments in society and technology. Efficiency, i.e. high productivity in the ability to change the basic
resources into products and these consumer units, providing the best result at the lowest cost;
• Diversity, ability to meet the aspirations of different customer segments with different services in a continuous adjustment between supply and demand of the urban mobility system
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 13
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The elements of UMS
The infrastructures The mobility services The organization The regulation The information The elements of other sectors that affect our perception
of the mobility system Etc
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 14
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Intra-system links
Infrastructure : Hierarchy of road network in accordance with service levels; Current and future roles of the main arteries Parking location, P&R, etc. Definition of zones or networks which can not be used by individual traffic (protection zones)
Services Prioritization of services: primary and feeders; mass ("Transit") and segmented. Pricing policies (various services and including parking)
System Linking land use and transport Linking transport of passengers and goods Linking motorized and non motorized transports Controlling externalities (emissions, accidents, noise)
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 15
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The agents of UMS
Transport Authorities Mobility Operators Infrastructures Operators Policy Makers Representatives of the citizens etc
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 16
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Policy approach
Instrument 1
Instrument 3
Instrument 2
SYSTEM
Instrument 1
Instrument 3
Instrument 2
EVALUATE RESULTS vs. OBJECTIVES
Single instrument vs. multi-instrument policy
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 17
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Simplistic approach : straightforward process analysis
(Ignore interdependencies and feed-backs)
Policy / Instruments
System
Results vs. Objectives
Feedforward informationChanges in a decision variable influences one or more other variables
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 18
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Complex approach : how do elements interact ?...
Policy / Instruments
System
Results vs. Objectives
Feedforward informationChanges in a decision variable influences one or more other variables
Feedback informationOne decision variable is influenced by the current state of other variable(s)
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 19
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Complex approach : simplified example !...
Parking pricing
Parking demand
Feedforward informationApply elasticity of price / demand
Feedback informationEvaluation of current revenue and establishment of the next price adjustment
Parking revenue
Policy / management variable
Objective: manage parking revenue
Goal variable
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 20
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Systemic dimensionPublic Parking.............act on a single variable
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 21
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Guiding principles of configuration of UMS
Different solutions for different areas, composed with the various ways in doses depending on demand and public resources (road space) and private (cars)
The main objective should be the Quality of Mobility (System) as a component of Quality of Life in the City
Measurable targets should be set for the performance of the mobility system, which should be monitored. This requires quality information and allows preventive actions in real time.
The parking supply is the main instrument for managing private transport demand.Its effectiveness depends on theeffective supervision.
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 22
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The Mobility Plan (I)
Knowing the mobility needs: External pressures of analysis area Internal circulation - neighborhoods vs. crossing Calculate the needs
Knowing the intervention possibilities which affect the needs and its behaviour Linking land use with transports Parking Private and Public transport networks Urban Logistic Mobility in neighborhoods
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 23
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The Mobility Plan(II) – Exemple PMLisbon (2005)RESIDENTS IN LISBON RESIDENTS IN AML
Average nr of trips/ day 2,33 (at least one extreme of travelin Lisbon)
Vehicles per 1.000 inhab. 282,1
Total nr of residents’ vehicles 159.100
2,10
TRIPS RESIDENTS IN LX RESIDENTS IN AML
Walk
TI
TC
TI + TC
Others
237.100
347.600
479.300
8.900
17.010
TOTAL 1.090.000
48%
6.500
459.000
634.700
93.400
400
1.194.000
52%
TOTAL
243.600 11%
806.600 35%
1.114.000 49%
102.300 4%
17.500 1%
2.284.000 100%
Face to 1993:Less than 18% of travel in all modesLess than 11% of motorized trips
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 24
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The Mobility Plan(III) – Exemple PMLisbon (2005)
Corridor Vasco da Gama
Corridor Norrth58 000
veh./day
34.000 veh./day
26.000 veíc./dia
9.000 veh/day
Corridor ofCascais
Corridor Sintra /
Amadora
Corridor Amadora /
Loures
Corridor 25 de Abril
Corridor West
Entries in Lisbon: 412 th veh./day
Crossing traffic: 181 th vehicles per day (44% of total entries)
Key drivers of crossing in HPM (+ de 1.100 vph:
A5 Bridge 25 de AbrilCorridor West Bridge Vasco da Gama
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 25
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The Mobility Plan (IV) – Exemple PMLisbon (2005)Territorial Coverage
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 26
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The Mobility Plan (V) – Exemple PMLisbon (2005)Transport Public
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 27
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The Mobility Plan (VI) – Example PMLisbon (2005)Parking
Instituto Superior Técnico / MEC – MPOT – MUOT – Aulas teóricas GMU 28
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Performance monitoring of UMS
Industrial Performance - processing of basic resources in production of transport
Network organization - transformation between transport units and levels of accessibility strategically defined
Commercial performance- consumption potential represented by these levels of accessibility, which is generally the level of customer satisfaction
Production of Externalities - potential of each configuration to generate a negative impact in terms of economic and social view