Post on 08-Jan-2018
description
Mental Health in Juvenile Justice
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Cathy Craig-Myers Vicki Waytowich, Ed.D.
Mental Health in Juvenile Justice- what we want to learn
• Who are the kids coming into the system?
• What is the mental health data?
• What does it mean?
• Why is this so important?
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Youth Arrests – Fl Juvenile Justice Population
375-7676-77
77-7878-79
79-8080-81
81-8282-83
83-8484-85
85-8686-87
87-8888-89
89-9090-91
91-9292-93
93-9494-95
95-9696-97
97-9898-99
99-0000-01
01-0202-03
03-0404-05
05-0606-07
07-0808-09
09-1010-11
11-1212-13
13-140
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
Delinquency Arrests in Florida1975-76 through 2013-14
Source: Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, Bureau of Research & Planning
105,615
78,447
175,105
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Source: Florida Department of Juvenile Justice Comprehensive Accountability Report. Figures for Diversion and Probation are preliminary.
Prevention Detention Diversion Community Supervision Commitment0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,00047,302
28,070
21,070
26,267
4,754
Youth Served in the Juvenile Justice System in Florida (FY 2013-14)
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DJJ Priority Funding Issues Current Year 2015-2016
• Provide enhanced front end services i.e. SNAP, Respite, Prevention
• Security services at two Juvenile Assessment Centers
• Focus on Education/Career Education- Reentry and Transition
• Detention cost share between state and counties
• Funding to maintain safe and healthy facilities- FICO
2008- Blueprint Commission • Acknowledged youth with mental
health issues often ended up in the juvenile justice system.
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Mental Health in Juvenile Justice- Florida
Guiding principles of DJJ include:• Prevention and education are paramount• Strengthen partnerships with judicial, legislative and community
stakeholders• Promote public safety through effective intervention• Provide a safe and nurturing environment for our children• Preserve and restore physical and mental health
2012 -DJJ Roadmap to System Excellence • Change in philosophy• DJJ responsible to screen and refer• Emphasis on identification of trauma
Mental Health in Juvenile Justice- Georgetown Center for Juvenile Justice Reform
• 2/3 of the youth in the nation’s juvenile justice system have a diagnosable disorder. Georgetown JJ Reform Project
• 70% - diagnosable mental health disorder and 60% co-occurring disorder . Georgetown JJ Reform Project
• Community-based mental health services for youth suffering from mental health disorders has also been shown to lead to a significant reduction of youth placements in juvenile detention and other secure facilities.” Georgetown JJ Reform Project 7
National Center for Mental Health & Juvenile Justice • Studies have consistently documented that:
• 65% to 70% of youth in contact with the juvenile justice system have a diagnosable mental health disorder; • Over 60% of youth with a mental health disorder also have a substance
use disorder; and • Almost 30% of youth have disorders that are serious enough to require
immediate and significant treatment. In addition, youth in the juvenile justice system have higher rates of exposure to traumatic experiences. • Youth in the juvenile justice system experience mental health disorders
at a rate that is more than three times higher than that of the general youth population.
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• Youth with serious mental illness make up 25% of the juvenile justice population, and their numbers are increasing. (National Federation of Families for Children’s Mental Health, 2008)
• Girls have more incidents of mental illness than boys, while boys have more externalizing disorders. (National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 2010)
• 70% of youth have one or more psychiatric disorders.ii NAMI -National Alliance of Mental Illness
• 20% of youth involved in the juvenile justice system have serious mental illnesses, including those that are suicidal, struggling with psychotic disorders and other serious illnesses.iii NAMI -National Alliance of Mental Illness 9
Mental Health in Juvenile Justice- National
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Mental Health in Juvenile Justice- Statewide
• State Methodology- gathering data• JJIS• Includes PACT and Pre-Pact
• Notice the stark difference in the numbers state profiles
Mental Health in Juvenile JusticePercentages of Florida Youth Reporting a History of Mental Health Problems, by Gender
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PACT Profile FY2013-2014
Percentages of Youth Reporting A History of Mental Health Problems
Males Females All Youth
Intake 19.1 21.6 19.8
Diversion 15.0 16.0 15.4
Probation 19.6 25.3 20.9
Commitments 31.0 48.8 33.3
. Source: 2014 PACT Profile. Available at: http://www.djj.state.fl.us/research/delinquency-data/pact-profile/pact-profile-fy2013-14
Mental Health in Juvenile JusticePercentages of Florida Youth Reporting a History of Mental Health Problems, by Race
12Source: 2014 PACT Profile. Available at: http://www.djj.state.fl.us/research/delinquency-data/pact-profile/pact-profile-fy2013-14
PACT ProfilePercentages of Youth Reporting a History of Mental Health Problems
Black White Hispanic Other All Youth
Intake 16.4 24.7 18.3 11.7 19.8
Diversion 12.1 18.8 14.1 6.1 15.4
Probation 16.8 28.6 17.1 11.5 20.9
Commitments 28.5 44.7 28.7 16.7 33.3
Mental Health in Juvenile JusticeFlorida DJJ addresses youth’s mental health needs by:
• Screening and re-screening through PAT, CPACT, and RPACT• Referring for assessment • Referral for mental health treatment services• Matching youth with appropriate service providers• Case management and follow-up• Service continuum mapping• Annual trauma-informed care training
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• Local Methodology- At intake• DJJ
• PACT pre screen is done• Trauma Screen• Suicide Screen• CSEC Screening
• Community Providers• Gain (1st time offenders)• SAMH-2-3• Comprehensive assessments 14
Mental Health in Juvenile Justice- Local
May
June
July
Total
Number of Youth Processed at the JAC
305
253
234
792
Number of Youth With a Hit on the Pre-PACT
197
216
180
593 (75%)
Number of First Offenders Referred for Assessment
50
40
47
137
Number of First Time Offenders Assessed w/GAIN
33
27
31
91 (66%)
Number of Youth with MH/SA issue 31 24 28 83 (91%)
Remaining Youth Referred for Assessment
147
176
133
456
Number of Youth Assessed by Gateway
42
56
48
146 (32%)
Number of Youth with MH/SA issue
*27 (64%)
*42 (75%)
*29 (60%) 98 (67%)
Total Number of Youth Screened/Assessed
197/75 (38%)
216/83 (38%)
180/79 (44%)
593/237 (40%)
Total Number of Youth Assessed/Identified 75/58 (77%) 83/66 (80%) 79/57 (72%)
237/181 (76%)
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Mental Health in Juvenile Justice- Circuit 4
Florida DJJ defines Mental Health: An emotional or behavioral condition that interferes with daily activities and is diagnosed using well-recognized and standardized guidelines.
Florida DJJ defines Trauma: Personal experience of violence and victimization including sexual abuse, physical abuse, severe neglect, loss, domestic violence, and/or the witnessing of violence, terrorism, or disasters.
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Mental Health and Trauma
• Source: National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (2006). DJJ Staff Development and Training.
Trauma-Informed Care• Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)s may exert powerful
influence over childhood brain development
• Youths with greater experiences of ACEs may become involved in the juvenile justice system earlier and comprise a greater proportion of those juveniles classified as Serious, Violent, and Chronic
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Sources: Fox, B.H., Perez, N., Cass, E., Baglivio, M., Epps, N. (2015). Trauma changes everything: Examining the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders. Child Abuse & Neglect, 46: 163-173. Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256: 174–186.
Trauma-Informed Care
Trauma may create a roadblock for other meaningful delinquency intervention and/or mental health intervention to take place.
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Trauma-Informed CareThe prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among youth who received a full PACT screen (typically deeper-end youth)
19Source: Baglivio, M. T., Epps, N., Swartz, K., Sayedul Huq, M., Sheer, A., & Hardt, N. S. (2014). The Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) in the Lives of Juvenile Offenders. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 3: 1–23.
• Accurately identify the need• Develop a more coordinated approach to data collection• Differentiate the data (trauma/MH/SA)
• DJJ should require their providers to report on the number of youth in their programs that receive mental health assessments and the resulting outcome. (state currently cannot query this information from JJIS)
• Modify/expand the capacity of JJIS to collect MH/SA information that can be aggregated
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Potential Recommendations