Post on 13-Apr-2015
description
Study on Mechanical Properties of Sisal fibers
CONTENTSOVERVIEW OF COMPOSITES DEFINITIONSCLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITESLITERATURE SURVEYOBJECTIVE OF RESERCH WORKMETHODOLOGYPROGRESS OF THE PROJECT
OVERVIEWS OF COMPOSITESNowadays, the natural fibers such as Sisal
have the potential to be used as a replacement for glass or other traditional reinforcement materials in composites.
Other advantages include low density, high toughness, comparable specific strength properties, reduction in tool wear, ease of separation, decreased energy of fabrication.
Composites are materials that comprise strong load carrying material (known as re- inforcement) imbedded in weaker material (known as matrix).
OVERVIEWS OF COMPOSITES Uses of these fibers satisfy both economic
and ecological interests.In order to produce a composite reinforced
with vegetable fibersthat present tension hardening behavior under direct tension,long sisal fibers were employed in the present study.
COMPOSITES
METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES
CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES
POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES
FIBRE REINFORCED
POLYMER
PARTICLE REINFORCE
POLYMER
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITE
FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER
Common fiber reinforced composites are composed of fibers and a matrix. Fibers are the reinforcement and the main source of strength while matrix glues all the fibers together in shape and transfers stresses between the reinforcing fibres. The fibers carry the loads along their longitudinal directions
LITERATURE SURVEYMaya Jacob, Sabu Thomas [1] studied the effect
of concentration and modification of rubber on fibre surface in sisal/oil palm hybrid fibre reinforced rubber composites. They found that increasing the concentration of fibres resulted in reduction of tensile strength, but resulted in an increase of young’s modulus of composite
G. C. Mohan Kumar (2008)., “In this paper, the mechanical properties of the fibers extracted from areca fruit were determined and compared with the other known natural fibre. Further, these areca fibers were chemically treated to improve the mechanical properties using NaOH soaked in a known concentration of NaOH for different periods. Also the effect of this chemical treatment on maize fibre is studied. The composites were prepared with different proportions short areca fibers reinforced in maize stalk fine fibers and phenol formaldehyde. Variations in the static bending strength of these composites were analyzed. Other mechanical properties using adhesion strength, moisture absorption test, and biodegradable tests were carried out and results were reported.”
AUTHOR CHEMICALTREATMENT
RESIN TEST CONCLUSION
P.Ezwane and cloud
NaOH(optical conc. 0.125 N)
Epoxy Degumming ofSisal Fibre
As concentration of NaOH increases Breaking strength,linear density, stiffness decreases and apparent elongation increased when treated with alkali all above decreases
Arnold M TowoMartin P Ansell
0.06 M NaOH
Epoxy Tensile test and brittleness
No influence on fatigue
Yanli,Yiu-Wing
H2SO4 Epoxy Roughness Roughness increases
AUTHOR CHEMICALTREATMENT
RESIN TEST CONCLUSION
Arnold M TowoMartin P Ansell
0.06 M NaOH
Polyester Tensile test and brittleness
Improved Tensile strength
Junl Ren Runcany Sun
1% NaOH Phenolic Dry zero-spanTensile test
Kappa Number i.e, Tensile strength decreases,Increase in adhesion
Lin Xin Zhong Shi Yu Fu
Water Phenolic Mechanical properties
Less Compressiblityand lower
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SISAL FIBRE
Fibre Cellulose Ash Lignin Hemicellulose
pH
Untreated 42.85 2.34 18.65 25.28 5.86
NaOH 31.40 2.10 20.24 30.04 8.52
KCl 17.61 1.16 5.87 9.80 3.43
KOH 15.93 1.02 8.92 11.26 4.69
Graph of Chemical Constituents – Treated and Untreated
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH WORK
To conduct following tests on specimen TENSILE TEST
FATIGUE TEST BENDING TEST IMPACT TEST
METHODOLOGY Raw materials used in this work are Sisal Fibre Epoxy resin
The matrix material used in this test is epoxy resin grade 3554A and hardner 3554B supplied by lab chemicals. A liquid epoxy resin with low viscosity for castings, laminations and impregnations into various materials, as fibreglass fabrics, carbon. It possesses excellent stability and very good mechanical properties
Sisal fibers were treated with NaOH solutions (5% and10%) at temperature intervals of 60–70 _C, for 6 h.
After this stage, the fibers were washed several times with distilled water to remove NaOH excess from the surface, until the water no longer indicated any alkalinity reaction.
Subsequently, the fibers were dried in oven at 60 _C for 24 h
The fibers obtained after alkaline treatment were dipped in NaClO/H2O solution in proportion of 1:1, under heating (60 _C) for 4 h.
Resol was mixed with epoxy resin in presence of the catalyst amine 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl benzoate (Aldrich, 99%) in the proportion 0.93:1:0.03, respectively
This mix was used to start the impregnation: liquid phase in sisalfibers. The mix was stirred manually to disperse the short fibers in the matrix.
Care was taken to ensure a uniform sample and prevent the formation of bubbles in the biocomposites. These biocomposites were kept in oven for 3 h at 80 _C for cure of the material.
Flowchart of Preparation of BiocompositesChemical Treatment Employed in sisal Fibres
PROGRESS OF THE PROJECT
FIBRES ARE EXTRACTED
PROPER EPOXY RESIN IS SELECTED