MD BEHERAAssistant Professor

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)Kharagpur - 721302, W.B., INDIA

(mdbehera@coral.iitkgp.ernet.in)

With Inputs fromPS Roy and MSR Murthy

National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

18th June`09; 4th Vegetation Workshop, Missoula

INDIAN LAND MONITORING SATELLITE SYSTEMSINDIAN LAND MONITORING SATELLITE SYSTEMS

www.isro.gov.inCurrent Science, 25 Dec 2007

HUMAN RESOURCESEXPERTISE

16500 strong

INFRASTRUCTUREEnd- to- end capability

SPACE ASSETS

STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRY

APPLICATIONSLEADERSHIP

Remote sensing &Telecom satellite

Constellations

INTERNATIONALCOOPERATION

LARGE USER BASE

SPACE COMMERCE

LAUNCHER

IRS

INSAT

“ we must be second to none in the applications of

advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society ”

VIKRAM A. SARABHAI

INDIAN SPACE ENDEAVOURINDIAN SPACE ENDEAVOUR

ISRO`s Space Missions

November 21, 1963

SLV-3 ASLV

TODAY, 2009

PSLV GSLV

ARYABHATA19.04.75

GSAT-208.05.03

KALPANA-112.09.02 INSAT-2E

03.04.99

INSAT-3B22.03.00

INSAT-3A10.04.03

IRS-1C28.12.95

IRS-P321.03.96

IRS-1D29.09.97

IRS-P617.10.03

INSAT-3E28.09.03

TES22.10.01

INSAT-3C24.01.02

IRS-P426.05.99

Applications driven programmeSelf reliance in building & launching

satellites ONEAMONG

THESIX

NATIONS

50Missions8 3

FOUR DECADES OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME

LA

UN

CH

VEH

ICLE

SA

TELLIT

EA

PP

LIC

ATIO

NS

EDUSAT20.09.04

Basics in various Disciplines;Structures, Aerodynamics,Avionics, Propellants etc..

CLG, Onboard RTD, Strap-on Technology

Vertical IntegrationBulbous Heat Shield

Liquid PropulsionMaraging Steel Large Booster & Upper Stage

Flex Nozzle & Gimbal Control Multiple Satellite Mission

Cryogenic Technology, GTO Mission

Inertial systemOrbital mission

1960-1970s

1980s

1990s

Beyond 2000

Solid propulsionOpen loop guidance Heavy

CryogenicsLarge Boosters

LAUNCH VEHICLE EVOLUTIONLAUNCH VEHICLE EVOLUTION

Two Launch Pads

SATELLITE EVOLUTIONSATELLITE EVOLUTION

BHASKARA

APPLE

INSAT – 1 series

INSAT – 3 series

Remote Sensing Satellites

Communication Satellites

1979

1981

IRS – 1C / 1D

• Multipurpose S/C platform

• Improved S/C Power

• Increased number of transponders

• High resolution imaging

• Multiple payloads

C Band

S, C, Ku BandKa Band

INSAT – 2 series

1Transponder

36Transponders

3000 Watts

35 Watts

Resourcesat - 1

RISAT

1700 Watts

MeghaTropiques

Cartosat – 1/2

50 Satellites

. Biodiversity Assessment

EduSat

5 Spot Beams in Ku Band

1 National Beam in Ku Band 1 National Beam in Ext C Band (6 Channels)

Teaching-End Class Room-2

Class Room-1

Video+

Audio

Audio

Video+

Audio

TELE EDUCATIONTELE EDUCATION

AM B ULANC E

Panel of Doctors

Video Conferencing

Health Specialist Centre

Pathology

Cardiology

Video Conferencing

Referral Hospitals

70 Hospitals 70 Hospitals • 53 Dist/ Rural Hospitals53 Dist/ Rural Hospitals• 17 Super Specialty Hospitals17 Super Specialty Hospitals

TELEMEDICINETELEMEDICINE

Trans LunarInjection

Mid Course Correction

GTO

ETO

Lunar Transfer Trajectory

Initial Orbit ~ 1000 km

Lunar InsertionManoeuvre

Final Orbit 100 km Polar

Moon at Launch

To achieve 100 x 100 km Lunar Polar Orbit.PSLV to inject 1050 kg in GTO of 240 x 36000 km.Lunar Orbital mass of 523 kg with 2 year life time.

Scientific payload 55 kg.

Expanding the scientific knowledge about the moon, upgrading India’s technological capability and providing challenging opportunities for planetary research for the younger generation

CHANDRAYAAN-1CHANDRAYAAN-1

AGRICULTURE & SOIL• Crop Acreage & Production

Estimation• Soil & Land Degradation Mapping• Watershed Development• Horticulture Mission for North-East

WATER• Potential Drinking Water Zones• Command Area Management• Reservoir Sedimentation

FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO• Forest Cover & Type Mapping • Forest Fire and Risk Mapping• Biodiversity Characterisation• Environmental Impact Studies

DISASTER SUPPORT• Flood Damage Assessment• Drought Monitoring• Land Slide Hazard Zonation

OCEAN• Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ)• Coastal Zone Mapping

LAND• Landuse/Land Cover

Mapping• Wasteland Mapping• Urban Sprawl Studies• Large Scale Mapping

WEATHER & CLIMATE• Extended Range

Monsoon Forecasting• Ocean State Forecasting• Regional Climate Model

EARTH OBSERVATION – APPLICATIONSEARTH OBSERVATION – APPLICATIONS

IMS (2008) MX, HySI like L3; 64-bands 0.4-.95 37; 506 151; 130 -- --

Sensor Characteristics

L-1&2 MSSL-2 MSS L-3 MSS L-4 MSS L-5 MSS L-5 TM SPOT -1 NOAA IRS-1A IRS-1B ERS-1/2 IRS-P2 IRS-1C IRS-P3 IRS-1D IRS-P4 MODIS IRS-P6 IRS-P5

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979 1979 1979

1980 1980 1980 1980

1981 1981 1981 1981

1982 1982 1982 1982

1983 1983 1983

1984 1984

1985 1985 1985 1985

1986 1986 1986 1986

1987 1987 1987 1987

1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988

1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989

1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990

1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991

1992 1992 1992 1992

1993 1993 1993 1993 1993

1994 1994 1994 1994 1994

1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995

1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996

1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997

1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998

1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999

2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000

2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001

2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002

2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003

2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004

2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005

2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006

2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007

NRSC Archives – Data Availability

IRS1A/1B/P3/P4 data older than ‘5’ years -‘4’ Coverage's per year archived

Data Archival Status-Global

Data over Indian Terrain

is available from 2003

onwards

Data over Indian Terrain

is available from 2003

onwards

Data Archival Status-Global

Data over Indian Terrain is available from 2005

onwards

Data Archival Status-Global

Total acquisitions : 16,45,515 sq km Cloud free acquisitions : 03,11,283 sq km

Data Archival Status-Global

OCEANSAT-II

SCAT, OCM

MEGHA-TROPIQUES

SAPHIR, SCARAB &

MADRASRISAT-I

C-band SAR, 5.3GHz, HH, VV, HV;

3-50 m Multi mode

METSAT-1VHRR – 2 Km(vis); 8 Km(IR & WV)

Future Satellites

RESOURCESAT – II

AWiFS

LISS-III

LISS – IV

SPECIFICATIONS AWFIS LISS-III LISS-IV

No. of Bands 4 4 1 (mono), 3 (MX)

Spectral Bands B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4  0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ

B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4  0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ

B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4  0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ B3-default band for mono

Resolution         56m 23.5m 5.8m

Swath 740km 140km 70kmx70km/ 23kmx23km

Revisit 5 days 24 days 5 days

Data Rate 105 Mbs per stream 105 Mbs per stream 105 Mbs per stream

BDH word length 7 bits 7 bits 7 bits

Qunatisation/Transmission 12-bit/10-bit with MLG

10-bit/7-bit with DPCM

10-bit/7-bit with DPCM

Gains 100% AlbedoNo Gain setting

100% AlbedoNo Gain setting

100% AlbedoNo Gain setting

Resourcesat-2 Payload Specifications

Future Requirements

Forest CoverTemperate Conifer ForestTemperate Broad Leaved ForestTemperate Mixed ForestTropical Evergreen ForestTropical Semi evergreen ForestTropical Moist Deciduous ForestTropical Dry Deciduous ForestTropical Thorn ForestSub Tropical ForestConifer ForestSub Alpine ForestMangrove Forest Degraded ForestAbandoned JhumLand CoverAlpine MeadowsGrasslandsScrub/ShrubCurrent Jhum Coral ReefsPlantationsOrchardsValley AgricultureIrrigated/ Rainfed AgricultureFallow LandBarren LandSand DunesMud FlatsSwampsWet PansDry PansWater BodySettlementOther ClassesSnowCloudShadow

VEGETATION TYPE MAP OF INDIA

ThanQThanQ

SPECIFICATIONS AWFIS LISS-III LISS-IV

No. of Bands 4 4 1 (mono), 3 (MX)

Spectral Bands B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4  0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ

B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4  0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ

B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4  0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ B3-default band for mono

Resolution         56m 23.5m 5.8m

Swath 740km 140km 70kmx70km/ 23kmx23km

Revisit 5 days 24 days 5 days

Data Rate 105 Mbs per stream 105 Mbs per stream 105 Mbs per stream

BDH word length 7 bits 7 bits 7 bits

Qunatisation/Transmission 12-bit/10-bit with MLG

10-bit/7-bit with DPCM

10-bit/7-bit with DPCM

Gains 100% AlbedoNo Gain setting

100% AlbedoNo Gain setting

100% AlbedoNo Gain setting

Resourcesat-2 Payload Specifications