Post on 27-Jan-2015
description
MARKUP LANGUAGE CLASSIFICATION, DESIGNING STATIC
AND DYNAMIC PAGES
Ankita Bhalla
MARKUP LANGUAGES
A markup language is a language that illustrates text so that the computer can manipulate the text.
Most markup languages are human readable because the illustrations are written in a way to distinguish them from the text.
In HTML, XML, and XHTML, the markup tags are enclosed between < and >.
For example:<p>this is a paragraph of text written in HTML</p>
DIFFERENT MARKUP LANGUAGES
Following are the different markup languages:
• HTML• XML• XHTML• DHTML• VoiceXML• LaTeX
HTML (HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)
HTML is a defined standard markup language.
HyperText Markup Language is the language of the web. All web pages are written in HTML.
HTML defines the way that images, multimedia, and text are displayed in web browsers.
XML (EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE) XML is a language for writing markup
languages.
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
There are also several standardized languages already created with XML: MathML for defining mathematics, SMIL for working with multimedia, XHTML, and many others.
XHTML XHTML stands for extended hypertext markup
language. XHTML 1.0 is HTML 4.0 redefined to meet the XML standard.
XHTML is written in lower case. While HTML tags can be written in UPPER case, MiXeD case, or lower case, to be correct, XHTML tags must be all lower case.
All XHTML elements must have an end tag. Elements with only one tag, such as HR and IMG need a closing slash (/) at the end of the tag: <hr /><img />
XHTML requires that tags are nested correctly. If you open a bold (B) element and then an italics (I) element, you must close the italics element (</i>) before you close the bold (</b>).
DHTML
DHTML stand for Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language.
Dynamic HTML, or DHTML, is used to create interactive and animated web sites by using a combination of a static markup language (such as HTML), a client-side scripting language (such as JavaScript), a presentation definition language
DHTML allows scripting languages to change variables in a web page's definition language, which in turn affects the look and function of page content, after the page has been fully loaded and during the viewing process.
VOICEXML
VoiceXML is used in Voice interaction between humans and computer, mainly in systems that enable you to, for example check your credit card balance over the phone. The logive- like dialogue management and speech recognition- is defined by voiceXML.
LaTeX
A document markup language used mainly by mathematicians, authors, etc to typeset their content. It is suitable for representing mathematical formulas.
WHAT IS A STATIC WEBPAGE..??
A Static Webpage is a Webpage that is delivered to user exactly as stored.
Static WebPages are HTML documents stored as files in file system and made available by the web server over HTTP.
SCHEMATIC VIEW OF STATIC PAGES
CREATING STATIC PAGES
HTML documents can be created using a professional HTML editor like:
* Adobe Dreamweaver* Microsoft Expression Web* CoffeeCup HTML Editor
However, the most recommended and easily available editor is Notepad.
STEPS TO CREATE A STATIC PAGE IN NOTEPAD
Step I: Start NotepadStart > All Programs > Accessories > Notepad
Step II: Edit your HTML with Notepad
STEPS TO CREATE A STATIC PAGE IN NOTEPAD
Step III: Save your HTMLSelect Save as… in Notepads File menu. You
can use either .htm or .html extension to save your document as HTML page.
Step IV: Run the HTML in your Browser
HTML ATTRRIBUTES
HTML elements can have attributes.
Attributes provide additional information about an element.
Attributes are always specified in the start tag.
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: attribute_name="value"
HTML HEADINGS
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading, <h6> defines the least important heading.
Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.
HTML HEADINGS
HTML PARAGRAPHS
Paragraphs are defined with <p> tag.
HTML HYPERLINKS
A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document.
Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag.
Syntax:<a href="url">Link text</a>
HTML HEAD
The <head> element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more.
<title>, <base>, <link>, <meta>, <script>, and <style> can be added to HTML Head
HTML <TITLE> TAG
The <title> tag defines the title of the document.
The <title> tag defines a title in the browser toolbar.
HTML IMAGES
Images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax: <img src="url" alt="some_text">
The required ‘alt’ attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
HTML IMAGES
Example: <img src="batman.jpg" alt="Batman“ height=200 width=400>
The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image.
HTML STYLES - CSS
Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) is used to style HTML elements.
CSS can be added to HTML using the style attribute in HTML elements.
Example: <p style="color:orange;margin-left:200px;">This is a paragraph.</p>
CSS PROPERTIES
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
background-color Specifies the background color of HTML element
background-image Sets the background image for an element
opacity Sets the opacity level for an element
height Sets the height of an element
width Sets the width of an element
font-family Specifies the font family for text
font-size Specifies the font size for text
font-weight Specifies the font weight of a font
Color Sets the color of text
text-decoration Specifies the decoration added to text.
text-align Specifies the alignment of text.
HTML TABLES
Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows with the <tr> tag, and each row is divided into data cells with the <td> tag.
A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.
HTML TABLES EXAMPLE
HTML TABLE HEADERS
Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
HTML TABLE ATTRIBUTES
ATTRIBUTE PURPOSE
Border Specifies the size of table border (in pixels)
Width Specifies table width (in pixels)
Cell spacing Specifies the distance between two cells
Cell padding Specifies the space between cell content and table border
Align Used to specify alignment of the table
HTML TEXT FORMATTING
HTML Text Formatting Tags
TAG DESCRIPTION
<b> Defines bold text
<big> Defines big text
<emp> Defines Emphasized text
<i> Defines italicised text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inderted text
<del> Defines deleted text
HTML LISTS
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:
An ordered list:1. First List Item2. Second List Item3. Third List Item
An Unordered lost:* List Item* List Item* List Item
UNORDERED LIST
ORDERED LIST
HTML LAYOUTS - USING <DIV> ELEMENTS
The <div> element is a block level element used for grouping HTML elements.
Multiple columns are created by using <div> elements.
CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.
HTML LAYOUTS - USING <DIV> ELEMENTS
HTML LAYOUTS - USING <DIV> ELEMENTS
DYNAMIC WEB PAGES
INTRODUCTION
o Dynamic web pages are pages that are generated at the time of access by a user or change as a result of interaction with the user.
o For example, the page may change with the time of day, the user that accesses the webpage, or the type of user interaction.
TYPES
Client side scripting Scripts that are interpreted on client side
i.e browser of client. Example: JavaScript
Server side scripting Scripts that run at server end and return
the HTML document as the output. Example: asp, php
DRAWBACK OF STATIC PAGES
Difficult to maintain when a site gets large. Difficult to keep consistent and up to date. Offers little visitor personalization (all would
have to be client side)
USE OF DYNAMIC PAGES
Offers highly personalized and customized visitor options.
Database access improves the personalized experience (as opposed to using just client side cookies)
Scripts can read in data sources and display it differently depending on how it is run.
Can create the illusion of being updated regularly using time and date sensitive routines (or even randomisers) to display pre-written text.
STATIC VS DYNAMIC PAGE PROCESSING
JAVASCRIPT
CREATING DYNAMIC PAGES
Syntax:<html><head> </head><title> </title><body><script>…..code…..</script></body></html>
SIMPLE JAVASCRIPT PROGRAM
OUTPUT ON BROWSER
ADD TWO NUMBERS
DYNAMIC IMAGES
Dynamic images means the images on a page that are displayed on a web page at run time or are changed at run time.
We can rotate pics, or zoom a pic on functions like mouseover, mouseclick etc.
CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style
sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a mark up language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML
DYNAMIC IMAGES USING CSS
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THANK YOU !!