Marching Toward WarMarching Toward War

Chapter 13, Section 1Chapter 13, Section 1

IntroductionIntroduction

Efforts to outlaw war and achieve a Efforts to outlaw war and achieve a permanent peace had been gaining permanent peace had been gaining momentum in Europe since the middle of momentum in Europe since the middle of the 19the 19thth century. century.

Some Europeans believed that progress Some Europeans believed that progress had made war a thing of the past.had made war a thing of the past.

Yet in little more than a decade, a massive Yet in little more than a decade, a massive war would spread across the globe.war would spread across the globe.

Rising Tensions in EuropeRising Tensions in Europe

Below the surface of peace and Below the surface of peace and goodwill, Europe witnessed several goodwill, Europe witnessed several gradual developments that would gradual developments that would ultimately help propel the continent ultimately help propel the continent into war.into war.

The Rise of NationalismThe Rise of Nationalism

The growth of The growth of ______________________—deep devotion —deep devotion to oneto one’’s nation—caused intense s nation—caused intense competition among the competition among the ____________________: : Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and France.Russia, Italy, and France.

The ________ competed for markets and The ________ competed for markets and territory.territory.

Intense nationalism in the nations of the Intense nationalism in the nations of the __________________ led to demands for led to demands for independence among Serbs, Bulgarians, independence among Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and others.Romanians, and others.

Imperialism and MilitarismImperialism and Militarism

____________________, and the quest for colonies , and the quest for colonies sometimes pushed European nations to sometimes pushed European nations to the brink of war and intensified the sense the brink of war and intensified the sense of rivalry and mistrust.of rivalry and mistrust.

The nations of Europe took pride in having The nations of Europe took pride in having strong militaries and being prepared for strong militaries and being prepared for war. This led to a dangerous war. This led to a dangerous ________________..

Glorifying military power is called Glorifying military power is called ______________________..

Tangled AlliancesTangled Alliances

Growing rivalries and mutual mistrust had led to the creation of several military alliances among the Great Powers as early as the 1870s. This alliance system had been ____________ in Europe. But it would instead help ________________.

Bismarck Forges Early PactsBismarck Forges Early Pacts Between 1864 and 1871, Prussia’s blood-

and-iron chancellor, ___________, freely used war to unify Germany.

Bismarck saw France as the greatest threat to peace.

His goal was to isolate France and leave it without allies.

In 1879, Bismarck formed the Dual Alliance between _______ and Austria-Hungary.

In 1881, _______ joined this alliance forming the ______________.

Triple Alliance (1881)Triple Alliance (1881)

Shifting Alliances Threaten PeaceShifting Alliances Threaten Peace

In 1890, Germany’s foreign policy changed dramatically. That year, __________—ruler of Germany—forced Bismarck to resign.

Wilhelm let his nation’s treaty with Russia lapse in 1890.

___________ a military alliance with France in 1892 and 1894. Such an alliance had been Bismarck’s fear.

Picture of Kaiser Picture of Kaiser Wilhelm IIWilhelm II

Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace (continued)(continued)

Kaiser Wilhelm II starts a shipbuilding program to make the German navy equal to the British fleet.

Alarmed by this, England forms the _________ with France and Russia.

Therefore, there are two rival camps in Europe: the ____________ and the Triple Entente.

Military AlliancesMilitary AlliancesBefore World War IBefore World War I

Crisis in the BalkansCrisis in the Balkans This mountainous

peninsula in the southeastern corner of Europe was home to an assortment of ethnic groups. With a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes, the Balkans was known as the ____________ of Europe.

A Restless RegionA Restless Region

By the early 1900s the __________ had By the early 1900s the __________ had declined and the peoples of the Balkans declined and the peoples of the Balkans had formed new nations: Bulgaria, Greece, had formed new nations: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia.Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia.

Serbia had a large ___________ and was Serbia had a large ___________ and was supported by Russia.supported by Russia.

In 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and In 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbian leaders were Herzegovina. Serbian leaders were outraged and tensions between the two outraged and tensions between the two nations rose.nations rose.

A Shot Rings Throughout Europe A Shot Rings Throughout Europe

On June 28, 1914 On June 28, 1914 the heir to the the heir to the throne of Austria, throne of Austria, ______________________________ and and his wife his wife SophieSophie, , paid a visit to paid a visit to Sarajevo, the Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. capital of Bosnia. Foolishly, they Foolishly, they were riding in an were riding in an open car.open car.

Assassination and UltimatumAssassination and Ultimatum

The couple was The couple was shot by 19-year-old shot by 19-year-old __________________ (right), a (right), a Serbian nationalist Serbian nationalist member of the member of the terrorist terrorist organization Black organization Black Hand.Hand.

Location of AssassinationLocation of Assassination

Historical MarkerHistorical Marker

UltimatumUltimatum

__________ delivers an ultimatum to __________ delivers an ultimatum to Serbia with numerous demands on Serbia with numerous demands on July 23, 1914. Serbia agreed to July 23, 1914. Serbia agreed to mostmost of the demands trying to avoid war.of the demands trying to avoid war.

Historical ArtifactHistorical Artifact

The blood stained The blood stained uniform of uniform of Archduke Franz Archduke Franz FerdinandFerdinand

The War BeginsThe War Begins

____________: Austria rejects Serbia____________: Austria rejects Serbia ’’s s offer of most of the demands and offer of most of the demands and declared war on Serbia.declared war on Serbia.

Russia, the protector of Serbia, Russia, the protector of Serbia, mobilizes its forces toward the mobilizes its forces toward the Austrian border.Austrian border.