Manual of Field Works All Arms Part 2

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APPENDIX III.

TABLE GIVING LOADS FOR MAN, G.S. WAGON AND 3-TON LORRY, FORENGINEERING STORES IN GENERAL USE IN THE FIELD.

[NoTE.-The loads are based on fair conditions only-i.e., a manat 30 lbs., a G.S. wagon at 1,900 lbs., and a 3-ton lorry at 5,600 lbs.:under good conditions, the load of a man may be increased to 40 lbs.and the loads of a G.S. wagon and a 3-ton lorry by one-sixth. Man-loads to be " bundled" beforehand, whenever possible.]

One manArticle. Description, load.

1 Sandbags ...

2 Coil barbed wire

3 Screw pickets, long

4 Screw pickets,medium

5 Screw pickets, short

6 Angle iron pickets,long

7 Angle iron pickets,medium

8 Posts, wooden, 5 ft.

9 Posts, wooden,2 ft. 6 ins.

10 French wire, coil.(English manufac-ture)

11 Staples, French wire

12 Plain wire, coil ...

13 Rabbit netting, roll

X.P.M., sheets ...

Corrugated iron, 6.ft.sheets

Corrugatediron, 7-ft.sheets

Corrugatediron, 9-ft.sheets

Bales of 250; weight,96 lbs.

100 yards; weight,28 lbs.

5 ft. 7 ins. long, 4eyes ; weight, 6 lbs.

3 ft. 9 ins. long, 2 eyes;weight, 41 lbs.

2 ft. 1 in. long, withloop: weight, 2f lbs.

5 ft. 10 ins. long;weight, 14 lbs.

3 ft. 6 ins. long;weight, 8 lbs.3 j to 4 ins. diameter ;weight, 9 lbs.

22 to 3 ins. diameter;weight, 3 lbs.

Issued in bundles of5 coils; weight ofcoil, 14 lbs.

Boxes of 300 ; weight,160 lbs.

Weight, 561bs.; 100lbs. per mile

3 ft. wide, 50 yards inroll; weight, 801bs.

6 ft. 6 ins. long by3 ft. wide; weight,27 lbs. In cases of20 sheets

Width, 2 ft. 9 ins. ;weight, 16 lbs.

50 to 75

2 coils

20 yards

G.S. wagon 3-ton lorryload. load.

20 bales 60 bales

70 200

200 600

300 900

550 1,600

150 400

250 700

n00 600

150 coilsor

30 bundles12 boxes

40 coils

400 coilsor

80 bundles35 boxes

100 coils

One man G.S. wagon 3-ton lorryArticle. Description. load. load. load.

Felt, roll ...

Canvas, Hessian, roll

Canvas, rot-proof,roll

"A" frames (small)Trench board

Timber, 4-in. by 2-in.Timber, 9-in. by 3-in.Planking, 1-in.Planking, 11-in. {Planking, 2-in.Pit prop, 9 ft. long ...

Pit prop, 9 ft. long ...

Cement, caskSand ...GravelChalk... ...Earth ...Corrugated

shelter, largeCorrugated

shelter, small

R.S.J. 9 ft. byby 3 ins.

Nails-1-in.2.-in. ...

3-in. ...4-in. ...5-in.6-in.

Staples, No. 8 S.Shovels ...Picks ..Tapes, tracing

3 ft. wide, 25 yardsin roll; weight, 85lbs.

3 ft. wide, 110 yardsinroll; weight, 70lbs.

5 ft. wide, 120 yardsin roll; weight,130 lbs.

Weight, 30 lbs. ..6 ft. long; weight,

35 Ibs.F.R.; weight, 2j lbs.F.R.; weight, 9 Ibs.

Supplied by thefoot run

6 ins. diameter;weight, 90 lbs.

9 ins. diameter;weight, 180 Ibs.

400 lbs. ... ...

See Plate 143quantities

See Plate 141quantities

5 ins. 100 lbs.

800 to 1 lb.122 to 1 Ib.

52 to 1 lb.30 to 1 lb.20 to 1 lb.14 to 1 lb.50 to 1 Ib.

Weight, 5 lbs.Weight, 8 lbs.In 50-yard rolls

10 yards 22 66

50 yards 27 80

30 yards 14 40

1 40 1201 35-40 120-150

- 750 F.R. 2,250 F.E.- 200 F.R. 600 F.R.

Dependent on width of planking.Weight of soft timber may betaken as 40 lbs. per cubic foot.

- 25 75

- 12 36

- 5 14

Ssandbag 1 cub. yd. 2) cub. yd.

... a l

... l in 1 G.S. 1

wagon;3in2 G.S.wagons

j 19 56

1200700

-I ~-----

APPENDIX IV.

PRINCIPAL TOOLS, MATERIALS, AND STORES SUITABLE FOR USE IN

FIELD ENGINEERING.

The tools and stores provided for the peace instruction of troops in field

engineering are as laid down in the Regulations for the Equipment of the

Army, Part 1, 1909, para. 323 and Appendix VI. The tools and stores

forming war equipment of units are similarly detailed in the various

sections of Part II, Equipment Regulations, and in Mobilization Store

Tables (A.F.G. 1098).

The following Tables of tools, materials, and stores are intended as a

guide for the selection and preparation of articles, suitable for use in war,for such operations of field engineering as are described or indicated in

this manual.

The method of obtaining supply of such articles willfollow the instructions

laid down in P.S. Regulations, and Ordnance Manual (War),paras. 36 and 37.

The special equipment required for the following engineer services is

not included in these tables, except in so far as certain articles comprised

therein may be suitable for general field engineering purposes:-

Electrical instruments and electric light stores.Railway tools, plant and armnoured trains.

Survey instruments and stores.

Demand and issue, except where otherwise stated, are "per article."

The tables in this Appendix are

.- Tools, entrenching.

2.-Tools, cutting.

3.-Tools and stores, miscellaneous.

4.-Sandbags, canvas, &c.

5.-Corrugated shelters and iron sheets.

6.-Rolled steel joists and rails.

7.-Posts and pickets.

8.-Materials supplied for camouflage.

9.-Timber.

10.-Cordage.

11.-Bridging and boat stores.

12.-Wire and wire rope.

13.-Bolts, dogs, nails and spikes.

14.-Water supply stores.

15.-Demolition stores.

TABLE 1.-Tools, entrenching.

Designation. Detail. Howissued.

Axes, pick, heads ... ... ... 4 lbs. and 81bs. ... ... ...,, helves ... ... ... 36 ins. ferruled... .... ...

Barrows, hand, double ... .. 6 ft. 7 ins. long,, wheel, entrenching ... Steel tubular frame .

Crowbars, chisel and claw ends ... 6 ft. 37 lbs., 5 ft. 6 ins. 31 lbs., 4 ft.6 ins. 20 lbs., 3 ft. 6 ins., 12 lbs.2 ft. 3 ins., 7 lbs.... .

Picks, miners ... ... ... 22lins. 6lbs.(specialshortf or crampedwork)

,, push ... ... ... 30 ins. 3 lbs. 6 ozs. (heart shaped,straight stabbing) .

Shovels, G.S. ... ... ... 32 ins. helve, 34 lbs ....... ..,, R.E. ... ... ... 32 ins. helve, 5 lbs. .... ... ...,, miners ... ... ... 30 ins. 6 lbs., and 5 ft. long ...

Spades, Mark III ... ... ... 32 ins. helve, 51 lbs. ... ... ...

TABLE 2.-Tools00, cutting.

Adzes, carpenters, handled ... 41 lbs.Axes, felling ... ... ... 32 ins. helve, 6 lbs. 7 ozs.Axes, hand ... ... ... 16 ins. helve, 2 lbs. 3 ozs.Chisels, brick ... ... ... 18 ins., 1 ins. end.Chisels, hand, cold ... Metal cutting, 1 in., s in. and . in.

wide.Chisels, firmer ... ... ... Wood-cutting, blades 3 ins. to _1 in.

wide.Grindstones, F.S. ... ... ... 18 ins., 76 lbs. 10 ins., 25 lbs.Hooks, bill ... ... ... ... 1 lb. 13 ozs.Hooks, reaping ... ... ... 1 lb.Pliers, side-cutting . ... 8 ins. and 5 ins. long ... ... ... prs.Saws, cross-cut ... ... ... 5 ft. blade, 61 lbs.Saws, folding, in leather case ... 3 ft. 9 ins. blade, 2 handles, 1 lb. 12 ozs.Saws, hand ... ... ... 26 ins, and 20 ins.Sets, cold, large ... ... ... 15 ins. handle; for cutting steel

wire rope, &c.Stones, rag ... ... ... ... For reaping hooks, &c. ... ... doz.Wire-cutters ... ... ... 9 ins. long, 1l lbs.

TABLE 3.-Tools and stores, miscellaneous.

(Not included in Tables 1 or 2 )

Designation. Detail. is eHow.issued.

Anvils ..

Bars, boring (steel chisels)

Bars, jumping (chisel each end) ..

Bars, pinching (spike and lever)Blocks, tackle, G.S., castiron, galv.

Blowers, rotary, Mk. IV ...

Buckets, miners ... ... ..

Candlesticks, miners ..Chokers, fascineCrabs, hoisting, iron

Forges, field, G.S. ... ... ...

Grapnels, iron ... ... ...Hammers, claw ... ...Hammers, masons ... ... ...Hammers, miners, boringHammers, miners, sledgeJumpers, steel ... ... ..

Ladders, field telegraph... ...Ladders, rope, miners ...Lamps, acetylene ... ..

Lamps, electric ... ... ...

Lamps, hurricane ... ... ...Levels, F.S. ... ... ..Mauls, G.. ... ... ... ...Rods, measuring, common

Scoops and scrapers ...

Scrapers, earth ...

Spanners, adjustableSpanners, McMahonTapes, measuring ...Tapes, tracing ... ..Trucks, miners, elm

Vices, standing, 36-lb. ... ..

1 cwt.For rock, 3 ins., 1I ins., and i ins.

wide, up to 4 ft. long.3 ins., 14 ins., and lI ins. wide, 5 ft.

6 ins, and 7 ft. long.21, 3, 3- and 4 ft. long.Single, double, treble, and snatch

(and size of cordage).With hose and wrenches; for

ventilating mines, &c.14 lbs. 7 ozs. for raising earth from

shafts.With bottom and side spikes.2 four ft. levers and 4 ft. chain.Hand power winches, to lift 1, 25,

and 50 tons.276 lbs. and poker, slice, tongs and

vice.2, 3, 16, 40, and 50 lbs.20 ozs.10 lbs. chisel point.5 and 7 lbs.14 lbs.For post holes, 2 ft. 9 ins. x 2 ins.,

274 Ibs.16 ft. 6 ins. in 2 lengths.20, 30, and 50 ft.Land and portable and calcium car-

bide.Land and portable and span accumu-

lators.Oil or candle.4 ft., 3 Ibs. 7 ozs.141 b.Wood, 10 ft. and 6 ft. marked 3in=.,

5 ft. marked I in.For clearing bore-holes ; 3 ins.,

1- ins. and 1 ins. x 6 ft. 6 ins.7 ft. long : 3 lbs.; also with 3 ft.

handle.15 ins.9 ins.In leather case, 100 ft.50 yds.; 14 ins white web.69 lbs.; for removing earth in

saps and mines.Jaws 4 ins. wide.

N.I.V.

------

TABLE 4.-Sandbags, canvas, &c.

Designation. Detail. oissued.

Bags, sand, common ... ... Bales of 250 ...Bags, guncotton, waterproof ... Canvas, to hold 2, 5, and 25 lbs.Canvas, rot-proof ... ... 5 ft. wide; 120 yds.in roll ... ... Yards.Canvas, Hessian ........ .. 3 ft. wide; 110 yds. in roll ... ...Cloth, union, anti-gas ... ... 54 ins, wide; 74 yards in roll... .Covers, sailcloth, waterproofed ... Sizes in feet: 30 x 30, 30 x 20, 24 x

18, 20 x 16, 18 x 15, 15 x 10,12 x 10.

Felt, roofing ...... ... 3 ft. wide; 25 yards in roll ... ... I Roll.Sheeting, corrugated iron ... 2 ft. 9 ins. wide; in 6-ft., 7-ft. and 9-ft.

lengths.Tarpaulins ... ... ... ... Sizes inft.: 30 x 30, 30 x 20, 30 x 16,

24 x 18,20 x 16,20 x 10,18 x 15,15 x 10, 12 x 10, 10 x 6.

TABLE 5.-Corrugated shelters and iron sheets.

Designation. Detail. isHowissued.

Straight sheets, black or painted... 6 ft. to 9 ft. by 2 ft., 22 or 24 gauge, Bundles.10 sheets to bundle.

Straight sheets, black or painted, 7 ft. by 2 ft., 22 gauge, 10 sheets togalvanized. bundle.

Curved sheets for bivouac shelter 9 ft. by 2 ft. 2 ins., 18 gauge, bent to7 ft. radius. Carries one layer ofsandbags or equivalent weight. 5sheets to bundle.

Curved sheets for bivouac shelter 9 ft. by 2 ft. 2 ins., 22 gauge, bent to9 ft. radius. Will carry no weight.10 sheets to bundle.

Corrugated steel shelter, large ... 17 ft. 9ins. by 9 ft. 6 ins. by 6 ft. 2jins.inside dimensions Made up of 21curved plates 7 ft. by 2 ft. 6 ins.,each with six 5-in. corrugations.

Corrugated steel shelter, small ... 12 ft. 9 ins, by 5 ft. 3 ins, by 3 ft. 8 ins.inside dimensions. Made up of 10curved plates 5 ft.6j ins. by 2 ft. 6ins.each with five 6-in. corrugations.

Troughing ... ........ ... 6 ft. or 9 ft. long, 3 ft. 3 ins. wide

TABLE 6.-Rolled steel joists and rails.

Designation. Detail. is Howissued.

Joist steel, rolled-12 ins. by 5 ins. ... ... ... Length 22 ft., 32 lbs. per foot run ...10 ins. by 5 ins. ... ... ... Length 20 ft., 30 lbs. per foot run ...

9 ins. by 4 ins. .... ... ... Length 18 ft., 21 lbs. per foot run ...8 ins. by 4,ins.... ... ... Length 16 ft., 18 lbs. per foot run ..5 ins. by 3 ins.... ... ... Length 9 ft., 11 lbs. per foot run .

Rail, steel, bullheaded-40 lbs. .......... ... Height 3J ins., 133 lbs. per foot run...60 lbs. ......... .. Height 41 ins., 20 lbs. per foot run ...80 lbs. ......... ... Height 5 ins., 26- lbs. per foot run ...

TABLE 7.-Posts and pickets.

Designation. Detail. isHowissued.

Pickets, angle iron, long ... ... 5 ft. 101 ins, long ... ... ...,, ,, medium ... 3 ft. 6 ins. long... .. ....

screw, long ... ... 5 ft. long, 4 eyes,, medium ... ... 3 ft. 6 ins. long, 3 eyes,, short ... ... 1 ft. 6 ins. long, 2 eyes

Posts, wire entanglement, wood ... Various lengths and diameters

TABLE 8.-Materials supplied for camouflage.

Fon CONCEALMENT OF FIELD WORKS, BATTERIES, &O.

1. Fish netting in 30 feet by 30 feet squares, or wire netting in rolls30 feet by 6 feet, garnished with canvas knots, with or without irregularislands of scrim (an open mesh form of canvas), mainly for use in opencountry.

2. Fish netting (30 feet by 30 feet) or wire netting (30 feet by 12 feet),furnished only with large islands of scrim, for use in broken country.Fish nets (10 feet by 10 feet) with raffia.

3. Irregular patches of scrim, with or without bare rolls of wirenetting 30 feet by 6 feet, to be used for supplementing, or actuallymaking up material mentioned in para. 2 in situ.

4. Scrim sheets, 30 feet long by 6 feet or 12 feet wide, for coveringspoil, sandbags, &c., or any other light-toned objects under material1, 2 or 3.

5. Posts 2 inches by 2 inches, of varying lengths, pickets and wire,for supporting camouflage.

SNIPEn'S REQUISITES.

1. " Symien" pattern, consisting of loose-fitting jacket, with hoQdattached, separate legs, rifle cover and gloves.

2. Dummy heads for locating enemy snipers.

TABLE 9.-Timber.

(NoTE.-Timber may be either felled and trimmed on the spot,collected from timber stores in adjacent towns or villages, obtainedby dismantling structures containing timber, or demanded from theengineer parks and dumps. The following table gives the ordinarysizes in which timber may be expected to be available).

Designation. Size.

Planking ... ... - in ... ...1 in. . .. .11 ins. ... ... In various widths and lengths. Demand by2 ins ... ... J the F.R.

Scantlings ... ... 3 ins. by 3 ins. ...4 ins. by 2 ins....4 ins. by 3 ins...4 ins. by 4 ins....6 ins. by 3 ins.... In various lengths. Demand by the F.R.,6 ins. by 4 ins. ... - giving a minimum "piece length" for6 ins. by 6 ins.... 6 ins. by 6 ins., 9 ins. by 6 ins., and9 ins. by 3 ins.... 9 ins. by 9 ins.9 ins. by 4 ins. ...9 ins. by 6 ins. ...9 ins. by 9 ins...

Baulks ... ... 10 ins. by 10 ins.12 ins. by 6 ins.12 ins. by 12 ins. -In various lengths. Demand by the piece.14 ins. by 12 ins.16 ins. by 8 ins.

Spars...... . - In various sizes and lengths. Demand bythe piece, specifying length and diameter.

Pit props .. .. - In various sizes and lengths. Demand bynumber, specifying diameter and length.

TABLE 10.-Cordage.

Designation. Detail. isHowed.issued.

i. Cordage, hemp, hawser, 3-strand.

ii. Cordage,strand.

iii. Cordage.strand,

manilla, hawser, 3-

coir, hawser. 3-

Service cordage in general use ; eithertarred or white; in the followingsizes, circumference in inches:--9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2-, 2, 1, 1. Tarredcordage is weaker, but will standexposure to weather better thanwhite.

A stronger cordage, in the followingsizes, circumference in inches:-5,4, 3y, 3, 24, 2, 1 , 1, 1, .,

A coarse, light, elastic, cordage, whichwill float upon water, but has onlyone-sixth the strength of hempcordage of same size. Sizes :--9,7, 6, 5, 4, and 2J ins.

Fathom[coils of113 fms.]

iv. Lashings, falls, guys, &c. ... Cordage, as in i. above, of sizes asunder :-

3 ins. Footropes, 9 fins.; cables, Fathom30 fms.; falls, 50 fms. ; guys, [coils of30 to 36 fms. 113 fms.s

21 ins. Slings for cask piers,6 fins.

2 ins. Falls, 50 fms.; lashings,6 and 9 fins.

11 ins. Braces, 3 fms.; breastlines, 10 fms.; lashings, 6 fms.

1 in. Buoy lines, 10 fms.; lash-ings, 3 and 6 fins.

v. Small cordage, yarn, twine, &c.Cordage, spun yarn, hemp ... 3-thread, tarred, rough ... ... Cwt.Lines, Hambro ... ... ... 150 ft., strong and light

TABLE 11.-Bridging and boat stores.

(See also Military Engineering, Vol. III.)

Anchors, boat ...Bailers, pontoonBaulks, Mk. III, tapered ...

Baulks, shore end, inside ...

Baulks, shore end, outside

Beams, saddle, Mk. II. ...Boats, collapsible ... ...

Buoys, pontoon, iron ...Chalk, preparedChesses, Mk. II ... ...Drivers, pile, Swiss... ...

Hooks, boat... ... ...Life-belts, cork.Life-buoys, Mk. IV ..Oars, ash ..

Pontoons, bipartite, Mk. II.

Ribands, Mk. II. .... ...

Sticks, rackTransoms, shore end, 1k. IIITrestles, bridging, Mk. III

1 cwt. and 1 cwt.Tin, with handle.15 ft. 91 ins. by 31 ins. to 1 ins. by

6 ins.; 561bs.3 ft. 7 ins. long; 3 to sot; 151 lbs.each.

3 ft. 61 ins. long; 2 to set; 21- lbs.each.

In two pieces; 58 Ibs. pair.Bow and stern sections; 6 ft. 1- ins.long; 9-ft. oars.

For anchors; 5 lbs.White or coloured ; 144 pieces ...10 ft. by 12 ins. by 1 ins.; 45 lbs.With iron guide rod; about 130 lbs.;

hand power.18 ft., 11 ft. 7z ins., and 6 ft. long.

Reindeer hair, covered canvas.20 ft. to 8 ft. long, in sizes increasing

by 1 foot. 12 ft. for pontoons.Bow and stern pieces ; 1,008 lbs. per

pair.15 ft. 9 ins. by 34 ins. by 6 ins.; 79 lbs.;

can be used as baulks.With 6 ft. of 2-in, lashing; 14 lbs.llft 6 ins.Iong ; 731bs.With 2 tackles, differential, 10 cwt.;

weight, 816 lbs.

For lashings and wire rope, see Tables 10 and 12.

TABLE 12.-Wire and wire rope.

Designation. Detail. isowissued.

Rope, galvanized, steel, wire ... In coils of 100 fms. ... ... ... fms.

Sizes, circumference, inches ... ... 4 3 2- 2 1 1I 1j. 1 .

Approx. weight, lbs. per fm. .. ... 12 7 4 2 1 1 2Safe load (9c 2

) cwt. ... ... ... 144 81 56 36 20 14 11 9 N

Rope, steel, *65in.... ... ... For use with collapsible boats, 2 to21 tons breaking strain; *42 lb.fm. .... ... ... ... 100 yds.

Wire, galvanized iron, No. 14 In 284b. and 56-lb. coils ... ... Coil.S.W.G.

Wire, barbed ... ... ... In 28-lb. (100 yds.) or 15-lb. (50 yds.)coils.

Wire, French ... ... ... One coil= 16 yds. In bundles of 5 coils.Staples in boxes containing 300.

Rabbit wire netting ... ... 3 ft. wide, in rolls containing 50 yds.... Roll.X.P.M. (expanded metal) ... Sheet 6 ft. 6 ins.long by 3 ft. wide. In Sheet.

cases of 20 sheets.

The table below gives the properties, weight, &c., of new iron wire. Newsteel wire may be taken as twice the strength given, otherwise similar insize, &c ; galvanized wire is heavier.

Size, S.W.G. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Diam., inches .. '300 -276 -252 *232 -212 -192 *176 '160 *144 '128 *116 '104 "092Yards, per cwt... 155 183 220 260 311 380 452 546 675 854 1040 1293 1653Lbs. per mile .. 1268 1073 895 758 633 518 436 369 292 231 190 152 119Approx. breaking

strain, lbs. .. 3804 3219 2685 2274 1899 1554 1308 1080 876 693 570 456 357

Size, S.W.G. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Diam., Inches .. -080 '072 '064 -056 '048 -040 *036 -032 -028 '024 022 -020 -018Yards, per cwt... 2186 2699 3416 4462 6073 8745 10796 13663 17846 24290 28908 34978 43184Lbs. per mile .. 90 73 58 44 325 225 18-2 14-4 11 8-1 6-8 56 4-6Approx. breakingstrain, Ibs. .. 270 210 174 132 98 68 55 43 33 24 20 17 14

O®® S® B im

TABLE 13.-Bolts, dogs, nails and spikes.

Designation. Detail. i Howissue(

Bolts, with nuts, Principal store sizes; length and diam. in incheshexagon head. 14 xl or , 12 x I or , 8 x 1 or $, 6 x I or , 5 x .

Other sizes prepared as required.Bolts, drift ... I in. x 24 ins, and f in. x 20 ins. ... ......Dogs, railway and

sawyers, Mk. II ... Straight. 15 and 12 ins. long, with 6-in. teeth... ..Nails, iron, spike Length, inches :- 10 9 8 7 6 5

(quote store No.) _ __-

Nails in 1 cwt. (app.):- 114 155 193 294 430 590

Army Store No.:- 187 186 185 184 83 82

Nails, wire, iron, Length, ins.: 6 5 4 3 21 2 11 l) 1* 1grooved ... .. Nails in 1 lb. -- -- - - - lb.

(approx.):- 14 20 50 70100150 200300400600

Staples, No. 8 S.W.G Approximately 51 per lb.

TABLE 14.-Water supply stores.

Designation. Detail. HowH issued.

Hose, canvas ... ... ..Hose, delivery, canvas, 2t-in.

Hose, delivery, 24-in. ...

Hose, suction, 2-in. ... ..

Hose, suction, syphon, with cap ...

Pails, iron, galvanized ...Pumps, deep well ... ..

Pumps, lift and force, Mk. IV ...

Pumps, steam, portable, Merry-weather

Tanks, iron, galvanized, rectan-gular

Tanks, steel, corrugated, gal-vanized, circular

Tanks, waterproof, 2,300 gallons,open

Tanks, waterproof, 1,500 galls.,closed

Troughs, waterproof, 600 gallons...

Windlasses, well,light

3 and 4 ins. diam.. .. ... ...In lengths 100, 50, 30, ft., with

screw unions.In 30-ft. lengths; prepared for

pump L. & F. Mk. IV.In 12-ft. lengths; prepared for

pump L. & F., Mk. IV.3 ins. and 2 ins. in 10 ft. 3 in.

lengths ; 2 ins, in 10-ft. lengths.3 and 4 gallons ... ..50 ft. 3-in. bore; and 100 ft., 3 and

4-in. bore.With four 12-ft. lengths of suction,

and 30 ft. of delivery hose, tolift 60 ft.; weight 84 lbs.; withhose 216 lbs.

Small "Valiant" on wheels, 82 cwts.;to raise 1,500 gallons per hour250 ft.

In sizes from 20 to 1,000 gallons

25, 50, 100 to 1,000 gallons; withtaps and covers.

16 ft. 9 ins. x 16 ft. 9 ins, with storesas M.E., Vol, V.

Octagonal; no extra stores required...

With standards, 10 to a set, to water16 animals at one time.

With large drum ... ... ...

Yards.Lengths.

N.I.T.

- --- ' s

TABLE 14--continued.

HowDescription. Detail. is .issued.

Pipe, wrought iron, galvanized ... In sizes 6, 4, 3, 2, 11, 1 and I inches Ft. run.internal diameter.

Bends, elbows, ties, connectors, For pipes of sizes as above ...reducing sockets, crosspieces,plugs, caps, nipples, back nuts,screwed flanges.

Valves air, sluice or reflex ... For 6, 4, and 3-in. pipes ...Valves, ball, stop or reflex ... For 2-in. pipes ... ... ... ...Valves, ball ... ... ... For 11 and 1-in. pipes ... ... ...Cocks, stop ... ... ... For 1 and 1-in. pipes ... ... ...Cocks, bib ... ...... ... For 1 and k-in. pipes ... ... ...Stocks and dies, sets ... ... For 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1 and -in. pipes ... Set.Pipe-cutters, pipe vices, pipe For sizes of pipe as above ... ..

wrenches.

TABLE 15.-Demolition stores.

eHowDesignation. Detail. issued.

Gun-cotton, wet, slabs, field,

Ammonal ... ... ...

Dynamite ... ... ...Blasting gelatine ...

15-oz.

Cable, electric, El, Mark II ...

Caps, copper, blasting. (Commer-cial caps)

Detonators No. 8, Mark VII ..

Detonators, electric, No. 13, MarkIII

Exploders, dynamo, electric,quantity, Mark V

BULK EXPLOSIVES.

Slabs 6 by 3 by lins., 1 perforationfor 1-oz. primer; packed in water-proof boxes containing 16 slabs

Packed in 25 and 50-lb. waterprooftins

Not an ordnance store, but, as a rule,obtainable from this source ; manu-factured in various grades andstrengths, usually in 2 -oz.cartridges packed in boxes of 5 lbs.and 50 lbs.

AuxILIAsR EXPLOSIVES, &C.

For electric firing; weight 5-7 lbs.per 100 yds.

The commercial equivalent of theNo. 8 detonator; manufactured ineight standard strengths, sizes 3to 10

For use with safety and with deton a-ting fuze; packed in tins of 25

For use in electric firing; packed intins containing 25 detonators anda rectifier

For firing charges electrically; size13k by 83 by 6-- ins.; weight27 lbs.

In tin cylinders of 8, 24 or 50 fathoms

Yards.

I... ."Fuze, safety, No. 11

HowDesignation. Detail issued.

Fuze, detonating, Bickford's ... Wound on drums .......... YardsFuzes, electric, No. 14, Mark III For use with low explosives fired

electrically; packed in tins of 25Gun-cotton, dry, primers, field, Packed in sealed tin cylinders con-

1-oz. taining 10 primersMatches, vesuvian ... ... ... Fuzees; 20 in a box ...... ...

TESTING APPARATUS, ELECTRICFIRING.

Boxes, testing and jointing, filled Tin box in leather cover; size 14by 8 by 5) ins.; weight 12 lbs.3 ozs.; the contents are as follows:-For testing:-

1 box of resistance coils (100ohms)

1 " Q" and "I" detectorI cell, electric, dry, "E"...2 reels of iridio-platinum wire1 chamois leather......1 box of plate powder ..

For jointing:-1 pair 5-in. side-cutting pliers ..2 tubes of indiarubber solution ...4 cylinders of indiarubber tape ...

I lb. of cotton waste .

APPENDIX V.

TABLES GIVING STRESSES IN, AND SIZES OF ROPES, SPARS, SCANTLING,

GIRDERS AND RAILS FOR USE IN SIMPLE FIELD STREUCTURES.

1.-Stresses in derricks, sheers and gyns.

2.-Sizes of spars and baulks for derricks, &c.

3.-Tackles.

4.-Power required on falls of tackles in tons.

5.-Sizes of road-bearers and beams for light bridges, dug-outs, &c.

6.--Safe nett distributed loads in lbs. which can be supported by

girders or rails over different spans.

TABLE 1.-Stresses in derricks, sheers and gyns.(Stresses are stated in terms of the weight to be lifted.

has been made for the weight of tackle, &c.)Allowance

Standing Derrick. Sheers.

Spar ... ... ...... 15 W Leg with leading block ... ... -9 WRunning guys ... ... ... *5 W Other legs ... ... ... .7 WOther guys ... ... ... -3 W Back guy ... ... ... ... 1.3 W

Gyn. Swinging Derrick.

Spar with leading block ... *6 W Upright spar ... ... ... 2.0 WOther spars ... ... ... 4 W Swinging arm ... ... ... 1.3 W

Struts ... ... ... ... 1.0 WConnecting tackle ... ... 1.7 WGuys ... ... ... ... 1-5 W

In the case of the swinging derrick, the length of the upright sparand the swinging arm are assumed to be about equal. Any alterationin these proportions will affect them. The size of spars and guys canbe found from Tables 2 and 3.

This table gives the maximum stresses which are likely to occur inpractice, for the ordinary conditions under which these machines areused. In special cases the stresses should be worked out graphically.

TABLE 2.-Size of spars and baulk for derricks, &c.

Mean Length of spar in feet from point of attachment of Size ofdiameter main tackle to the ground. square

of spar baulk inin inches. inches.5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

6 4 1| i -- - - - - - - - - - 516 4 1i - 567 6 21 l ---- ---- ---- -- 68 10 4 2 1 f -- - - ---- 79 15 6 3 11if f 1 - - - - - 8

10 20 8 41 1 l I .1 1 -- - - 911 26 12 61 4 21 if 1 1 1 - - - 1012 33 16 9 51 3 2, 1 1I 1 - - - 1113 41 20 12 7 5 3f 21 2 1 11 1 - 11114 50 26 15 10 61 41 31 2 2 1 1 - 12}15 - 33 20 12 8 4f 3 2 2 2 1 1l 13116 25 16 11 8 5f 4 3 3 2f 2 1417 - 50 30 20 14 10 7f 5f 41 31 3

2f 1518 - - 36 25 17 12 9 7 5f 44 4 3f 1619 - - 43 30 20 15 11 81 7 6 5 4f 1720 - - 50 35 24 18 14 11 8 7 6 5 18

Inches. Safe load in tons. inches.

rAThis table is derived from Gordon's formula P = taking

1+a )1 1

r = 1,000 lbs. per square inch, a = -for round and for square timber.48 62

TABLE 3.-Tackles.

Minimum size in inches of unselected cordage and steel wire rope tobe used in main lifting tackles with leading block. The figures areillustrated on Plate 108.

Type of tackle and theoretical gain of power.Weight to

be lifted Fig.4. Fig. 3 Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 8. Fig. 9.in tons. W=P W=2P W=3P W=4P W=5P W=6P

CORDAGE.

S 2 2 2 - - -

- 21 21 21 2 2- - 3 21 21 2

1 - - - 3 3 2j

11 - - - - 3

STEEL WIRE ROPE.

1 2 1, 11 1 1 I 11 2 11 11 1 1 1It 2 11 1 1 1 12 21 2 1 1 1I21 3 2 2 1 l 13 - 21 2 2 2 14 - 24 21 21 2 25 - 3 2j 21 2 28 - - 3 3 24 21

10 - - - 3 3 311 - - - - 3 3

12 - - - - - 3

Tons. Inches.

WThis table is derived from the formula P =-

Or(1 + Lpn) where

- P = Power required, W = Weight to be lifted, G = Theoretical,

gains I = Coefficient friction.1 W n

If p =8 (an average value) then P = (1 ;+ ). The safe stress in

cordge has been tae as tos ad of steel ro as toncordage has been taken as 20 tons and of steel rope as 20 tons.

TABLE 4.--Power required on falls of tackles in tons.

Size of rope. Cordage. Steel wire rope.

11-inch. - 1 ton.2 1/5 ton. 2 ,,2 ,, 1/3 ,, 33 ,, ,, 4 .,

Man-power equals a pull of 56 lbs. (1/40 ton) per man. Field capstan

gives a gain of about 10 to 1.

TABLE 5.-Sizes of road-bearers and beams for light bridges, dug-outs, &c.

1. Table showing the number of road-bearers of different scantlings

required for various spans.

Width of roadway has been taken as 9 feet, and the decking must

be 3 inches thick.

Span in feet.

5 7 9 11 113 15

Scantling on edge (in inches).6 x2

. . . . . . . . . 9 13 - - - -

9 x2 . . . . . . . .. 5 7 8 10 11 13

7 x 2. . 6 8 10 12 - -6x3 ... 9 11 - - -8 x3 5 6 7 8 10 119x3 ... 5 6 7 8 94x4 ... ... ... 10 - - -

5 x 4 ... 7 10 12 - -

7 x 4 . . . . 5 6 7 8 10 11

9x4 .... .. ... 5 5 5 6 6 75x5 ... .... 6 8 10 12 -7x5 ... ... .. 5 5 6 7 8 99x5 5... ... .. 5 5 5 5 66x6 ... 5 ... 5 6 8 9 108x

6 . . . . .. . . . 5 5 5 5 6 68 x 8 ... ... ... 5 5 5 5 5 5

9 x 9 ... ... ... 5 5 5 5 5 5Round poles aver. diam.5 inches ... .. ... 9 12 - - - -

6 .... ...... ... 6 8 10 12 -7 ......... 5 7 8 9 118 ......... 5 5 5 6 7 8

R.S.J. (in inches).5 x 3 or larger ... .. 5 5 5 5 5 54x3 5 5 5 5 6 74 x ...... .... 5 6 8 10 11 -3 x3 ... ... .. 5 5 6 7 9 103 x 1 . . . . . . . 7 10 - - - -

20-lb. Decauville rail 6 8 10 12 - -80-lb. rail... ... ... 5 5 5 5 5 5

This table is calculated for a working stress in timber of ' ton per squareinch, and in steel of 7 tons per square inch, and allows for a maximummoving load of 2 tons on one axle.

2. To use the above table for beams for dug-out roofs, divide 16,000lbs. by the number given in the table for the scantling or pole at therequired span. The result gives the safe distributed load in lbs. whichcan be carried by one beam. Then proceed as in Table 6. Example:-

9-inch by 3-inch joists will safely carry 1 6 0 0 0 = 3,200 lbs. per beam5

in a roof of 7-foot span, 5 being the figure given in the table for 9-inchby 3-inch timber over a span of 7 feet.

TABLE 6.-Safe nett dstributed loads in lbs. which can be supported bygirders or rails over different spans.

(If the load is concentrated in the middle of the girder or rail only halfthese loads are safe.)

8-in. X 4-in. 5-in. X 3-in. 40-lb. steel 60-lb. steel 80.lb. steel

Span infeet. "I" girder, "I" girder, rail, weight rail, weight rail, weightweight 18lbs. weight 11 lbs. 131 lbs. 20 lbs. 261 lbs.

per ft. per ft. per ft. per ft. per ft.

4 ... 37,500 12,700 9,720 17,770 26,8005 ... 30,000 10,150 7,775 14,200 21,4506 ... 25,000 8,440 6,480 11,500 17,8757 ... 21,400 7,200 5,550 10,150 15,3208 ... 19,900 6,300 4,860 8.880 13,4009 ... 16,600 5,600 4,320 7,890 11,900

10 ... 15,000 5,000 3,890 7,100 10,72511 ... 13,500 4,600 3,530 6,460 9,75012 ... 12,500 4,200 3,240 5,900 8,940

The weight per foot run is given for purposes of comparison. Thus,the 8-inch by 4-inch girder weighing 18 lbs. per foot is the most suitablefor roofs of dug-outs, and is twice as strong as a 60-lb. rail weighing20 lbs. per foot.

Steel rails are described by their weight per yard, and may berecognized by their measurements :-

40-lb. rail is 3 inches high.60-lb. rail is 41 inches high.80-lb. rail is 5 inches high.Other weights in proportion.

To find the weight of earth in lbs. which is supported by one girder,multiply the span in feet by the distance apart of the girders in feetby the depth of earthin feet by 100 (a cubic foot of earth weighs roughly100 lbs.).

To find the suitable spacing for the girders of a roof. Take the,weight of 1 foot width of roof, and compare with the table above.

Thus for the roof illustrated on Plate 143, the weight of one footwidth of roof will be 9 (span in feet) X 8j (depth of roof covering infeet) x 100 = 7,650 lbs., and if 8-inch by 4-inch girders are used a

16,600suitable spacing will be 7,60 feet, or approximately 2 feet centre to

5,600centre. If 5-inch by 3-inch girders are used 7,650 will be the safe

spacing, or approximately 9 inches.

APPENDIX VT.

TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Table-1.-Linear measure.2.-Square measure.3.-Cubic measure.4.-Liquid measure.5.-Measures of weights.6.-Area and contents of certain figures.

TABLE 1.-Linear measure.

Ins. Ft. Yds. Pls. Chs. Furs

Foot ... ... ... 12 1Yard... ... ... ... 36 3 1Rod, pole or perch 198 163 51 1Chain 792 66 22 4 1Furlong ... ... .. 7,920 660 220 40 10 1Mile ... ... ... 63,360 5,280 1,760 320 80 8Fathom ... ... ... 72 6 2Nautical or geographical 72,960 6,080 2,0

mile.Cable's length ... ... 7,296 608 2021Millimetre ... ... ... *039 •003 •001Centimetre . .. 394 *033 .011Decietre ... ... ... 3937 .328 •100Metre ... ... .. 39.37 3.28 1.094Kilometre ... ... ... 39,370,79 3,280.90 1,093.633

1 kilometre is approximately s mile ; to convert miles to kilometresmultiply by 1.609.

To convert yards to metres multiply by 914.

(B 14783)q

TABLE 2.-Square measure.

Ins. Ft. Yds. Pis. Chs. R. A.

Square foot ... 144 1Square yard ... 1,296 9 1Rod, pole or 39,204 2721 301 1

perch.Square chain 627,264 4,356 484 16 1Rood ... 1,568,160 10,890 1,210 40 21 1Acre ... ... 6,272,640 43,560 4,840 160 10 4 1Square mile ... - - 3,097,600 102,400 6,400 2,560 640Centiare ... 1,550.059 10.764 1.196Area (100 sq. - 1,076.430 119.603 - - - .025

metres).Hectare ... - - 11,960.333 - - - 2.471

To convert acres to hectares, multiply by .405.

TABLE 3.-Cubic measure.

1,728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot.27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard.

1 cubic metre = 35-3156 cubic feet.To reduce cubic feet to cubic metres, multiply by .028.

1 cubic foot of fresh water weighs 1,000 ozs., or 62 lbs.1 cubic foot of fir weighs 40 lbs. approximately.I cubic foot of oak weighs 59 lbs. approximately.1 cubic foot of beech weighs 43 lbs. approximately.1 cubic foot of earth weighs 80 to 100 lbs. approximately.1 cubic foot of brickwork or concrete weighs 120 lbs. approximately.

TABLE 4.-Liquid measure.

Pints. Quarts. Gallons.

4 gills ... ... ... .. 1 -Quart ... 2 1.. ... ...Gallon ... ... ... 8 4 1Firkin ... ... ... ... 72 36 9Kilderkin ...... ... 144 72 18Barrel ... .... ... ... 288 144 36Hogshead ... 432 216 54Puncheon ... 576 288 72Butt ... ... ... .. 864 432 108Litre ... ... ... ... 1-759 - *880 ,22Hectolitre ... ... ... 175.976 87988 21.997

To convert gallons to litres, multiply by 4.56.A gallon of fresh water weighs 10 lbs.

TABLE 5.-Measures of weights.

(Avoirdupois weight.)

Ozs. Lbs. Qrs. Cwts. Grains.

16 drachms ... ... 1 - - 437.5Pound ....... ... 16 1 - - =7,000Stone ... ...... - 14 - - -Quarter ... ... ... - 28 1 - -Hundredweight ... ... - 112 4 1Ton ... ... ... - 2,240 80 20 -'Gram ....... .. *032 *022 - - -Kilogram... ... ... 35.26 2.204 - - -

To convert lbs. to kilograms, multiply by 454.

TABLE 6.-Areas and contents of certain figures.

Circle radius (r) = of diameter (d).22circumference = 27rr = rd. 7r = 3.14159 or -nearly.7

area = irr2.Triangle area = I base x perpendicular from apex to base.Cylinder of height h - content = .rr2h.Cone of height h - content = k 7rr2h, r = radius of base.Pyramid of height h - content = lh x area of base.

(B 14783)Q

INDEX.

Abatis, wire entanglements, destruction ofAblution benches, provision of ...Accommodation-

Additional, in defended localities ...Defence posts ... ... ... ...Dug-out, tunnelled, requirements ...Latrines, scale of ... ... ...Protected, materials for ... ...Sanitary conditions essential ...Shell-proof, order for construction ofTunnelled dug-outs, requirements in ...

Aerial bombs, protection against ... ...Aeroplane attack, protection from ...Aeroplane photographs-

Blast marks, effect of ... ... ...Clues, new work recognized by ...Colour effect of ... .. ... ...

Regularity of objects, points on ...Air filters, use of in gas defence ... ...,, photos, reading of ... ... ...

Ammonal-Characteristics and use of ... ...

Charges, calculation of .. ... ...mined, for a definite crater ...

Issue of ... ... ... ...

Ammunition-Artillery, shell-proof protection for ...

,, shelters for ... ... ...

,, trench for storage of ...Protection for, degrees of .. ...Recesses for 18-pdr. ... . ....

,, in fire trenches ... ...

Storage accommodation in defence posts,, of ... ... ... ...

Anchors for brigades, placing ... ...

PAGfE.

... ... ... 58

... ... 149, 151

... ... ... 87

... ... ... 86

... ... ... 156... 151

... ... ... 152... 144

... ... ... 88

... ... ... 156

... ... ... 26

... ... ... 96... ... ... 94... ... ... 94... ... ... 97

... ... ... 75

... ... ... 93

... ... ... 177... ... ... 188

... ... ... 189

... ... ... 177

... ... ... 78

... ... ... 77, 78

... .. ... 78... ... ... 151

... ... ... 77

... ... . 61

... ... ... 86

... ... ... 78

... ... ... 136

229PAGE.

Angle, equal to a given angle, how to lay out ... ... ... 33how to bisect ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 33

,, right, how to lay out... ... ... ... ... ... 3360 or 1200, how to lay off ... ... ... .. ... 33

Angles of slope, conversion into fractions ... ... ... ... 32,, setting off, method ... ... ... ... ... 32

Animals, dead, disposal of ... ... ... ... ... 151Approaches-

Bridge, demolition by mined charges ... ... ... 194Bridges, importance of ... ... ... ... ... 128, 129Crossings, gap, regulation of traffic ... ... ... ... 128Fords, preparation of ... ... ... ... ... ... 142

Artillery-Ammunition, shelters for ... ... .. ... ... 77Bridges, light ... ... ... ... ... ... 134

Classification of ... .... ... . ... . .. ... 21

Command post, siting of ... ... ... ... ... 77Guns, characteristics of. ..... ... ... ... ... 22

Howitzers, characteristics of ... ... ... ... ... 22Field defences for ... ... ... ... .. 76 et seq.Fire, attraction by villages for ... ... ... ... 87Mortars, characteristics of ... ... ... ... ... 22

Personnel, shelters, instructions for ... ... ... ... 77Positions, order in construction of ... ... ... ... 76Protection for, degrees of ... ... ... ... ... 151

Attack, tank, defence against ....... ... ... ... 75

Bangalore torpedo, description of ... ... ... ... ... 192

,, ,, use against obstacles ... ... .. , ... 58Bankseat or shore transom, use of ... ... ... ... ... 131

Barricades, use of ... ... ... .. . ... ... 57

Battery, camouflage of, methods ... ... .. .... ... 97

Battle position-Approximate, marking of, on map ... ... ... ... 82Communication trenches in the ... ... ... ... 85Engineers employed on field works for ... ... ... 103Organization of ... ... ... .. ... .. ... 83

Proposed, marking of by flags... ... .. ... ... 82Baulk holdfast, description of ... ... ... . ... 117

Beaches, shingle, defence of ... ... ... ... ... 91

Beams and road-bearers, sizes of ... ... ... ... ... 223

Billets-Bunks in buildings ... ... ... ... ... ... 145

Latrines, provision of ... ... ... ... ... ... 151

Preparation of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 145

Water, daily allowance of ... ... ... ... ... 146

(B 14783)q n 3

PAGE.Bivouacs--

Construction of ... ... ... ... .. ... .. 144Discomforts due to rain and draughts . ... ... ... 144Latrines, provision of ... ... ... .. ... .; 150Protection from shell and bomb splinters ... ... ... 145Rain water, disposal of in .. ... ... .. 144

Siting of, factors determining ... .. ..: ... ... 141Water, daily allowance in ... ... ... ... ... 146

Blast marks, use of camouflage for... ... ... ... ... 97Blockhouses, defence of ... ... ... ... .. 73

Blocks, tackle-Lashing to a spar ... ... ..... .. 115Mousing the hook of ... ... .. : ... 115Snatch, use of ... ... ... .. ... ... 120, 121Use of ... ... ... ... ... , ... ... 120

Boards, notice, for bridges ... ... ... ... .. ... 132for fords ... ... ... ... .. 142

for inter-communication ... ... ... ... 88for marking tracks ... ... ...... ... 162

Boat and bridging stores . .-.. . ... ... 216,, extemporized, from bivouac sheet ... ... ... ... 141,, buoyancy of, determining ... ... ... ... ... 143

Bolts, particulars of .. ... .. .. ... ... ... 218Bombs, aerial, protection from ... ... . ... ... 26Box respirator, remove before using compass ... ... ... 111Breastworks, use and construction of ... ... ... ... 63, 64Bridge ends, floating piers, precautions ... ... ... ... 137

traverse, use of ... ... ... . ... ... 67

Bridges-Approaches to, importance of ... ... ... .. ... 129Classification of ... ... ... ... ... ... 126Completion of, duty of officer in charge of construction, on 132Demolition of, methods of ... ... ... ... 193 et seq.Fastenings for bridge work, various ... ... ... ... 132Fixed piers, height of, method of fixing ... ... ... 130Flying ... ... ... .... .. .. .. 140Gauges, use of in a wet gap ... ... .. ... ... 133Light, road-bearers and beams, particulars of ... ... 223

,, infantry footbridges ... ... ... ... 133 et seq.

types of ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 127

Locality of, factors governing siting ... ... ... 127, 128Maintenance party for upkeep of ... ... ... ... 132Materials and use of, for ... ... ... ... ... 127Military, traffic controls for ... . ... ... ... ... 128

Notice boards for, provision of ... ... ... ... 132Parts of, general description ... ... ... ... 130 et seq.Piers, see P.

Bridges-contd.Road, necessity for ... ... ... ... ... ... 126

Safety and protective arrangements for ... ... ... 137Site, selection of the exact ... ... ... ... . 129Type of, factors determining ... ... ... ... . 129Types of ... ... ... .. ... . ...... 130

Wooden, demolition of by burning ... ... ... ... 194

Bridges light, fixed piers:-Disadvantages of ... ... ... ... ... ... 133

Crib piers, preparation of ... ... .. ... ... 134Materials for making ... ... ... ... ... 134

Scouring, cause and action against ... ... ... ... 136Trestles, various types of ... ... ...... ... 134

Bridges light, floating piers-Anchors, position of ... ... ...... ... 136Boat piers, use of ... ... ... ... ... 138Buoyancy, calculations for ... ... ... ... 142Cask piers, construction of ... ... ... ... 138

Construction of ... .. .. ... ... ... ... 136

Crossing streams, the best method ... ... ... ... 133Log piers, construction and use of ... .. .... ... 139Placing of, methods for the ... ... ... .. ... 136

Precautions necessary with bridge ends ... ... ... 137Traffic river, passage of ... ... ... ... ... 137

Bridges light, single span-Artillery, description of ... .. ... ... ... 134

Cantilever and suspension, use of ... ... ... ... 134Description of ... ... ...... ... ... 133

Brushwood as an obstacle in the defence ... ... ... ... 39,, revetments ... ..... ... ... ... 71

,, rule for transport for ... ... ... ... ... 29

cutting and use of ... ... ... ... 29

Buildings, demolition of ... ... . . . ... ... 192

Bullet, rifle, slope of descent ... ... ... ... ... 20

pointed, rifle, penetration of ... . ... ... 20Bullets, machine gun, penetration of ... ... ... ... 21

Buoyancy-Actual, and method of finding... ... ... ... ... 143Boat, available, how determined ... ... ... ... 143Floating bridge, calculations for a light ... ... ... 142Rafts, calculations for ... ... ... ...... .143

Safe, method of determining ... ... ... ... ... 143

,, of closed vessels ... ... ... . ... ... 143

(B 14783)q 3 4

Cable, burying of ... ... ...Cables, insulated, for firing charges ...Camber, allowance for in height of pier ...

in road making ... ...,, use of in bridges ... ... ...

Camouflage-Area, method for effective ...Artillery positions during constructionBattery, dressing and spacing ...Blast marks, methods for ...Camps, method of ... ... ...Considerations affecting ...Definition of ... ... ... ...Dumps, forward ... ... ...Heavy guns, method of ... ...Inflammability of, precautions ...Machine gun emplacements ... ...Materials and their employment ...Mining work ... ... ... ...

Observation posts, methods of ...Principles of ... ... ... ...Screens, use of ... ... .. ...Shadows, disguising of ... ... ...Snow, considerations ... ... ...Spoil from dug-outs ... ... ..Summer to winter period to be watchedTanks, method of ... ... ...Tracks, discipline regarding ... ...Trenches, work on limited ... ...Work, important factors in ...

Camps-Camouflage of ... ... ... ...

Defence of, against an uncivilized enemyGround, foul, marking of ... ...Large, splinter-proof protection for ...Latrines, provision of ... ...Refuse, collection and disposal of ...Siting of, factors determining ... ...Water, daily allowance of ... ...

Cantilever bridges ... ...Canvas and wire netting in revetments ...

how supplied ... ... ...screens, use of ... ... ...

Causeway for tanks ... ... ... ...

... ... ... 88

... ... 183, 184

... ... ... 130

... ... 166, 169

... ... ... 131

... ... ... 98.... ... 77

... ... ... 97

... ... ... 100... ... 93 et seq.

.. ... ... 93... ... ... 99... ... ... 98... ... ... 98... ... "99, 100... ... 97, 214... ... ... 99... ... ... 98

... ... ... 93

... ... "43, 101

... ... ... 96

... ... ... 99

.. ... ... 99

... ... . 102

... ... ... 100

... ... ... 95

... ... ... 99

... ... ... 93

... ... ... 100

... ... ... 89

... ... ... 151

... ... ... 155

... ... ... 150... ... ... 151

... ... ... 141146

... ... ... 134

... ... ... 71

... ... ... 213101, 102, 132, 151

... ... .:. 134

Causeways for road crossings ... ... ...Chambers, dug-outs, construction of ...

Characteristics of-Ammonal... ... ... ...Cordeau detonant ... ... ... ...Dynamite ... ... ... ...Earth ... ... ... . ...Fulminate of mercury ... . ...Gun-cotton, dry ... ... ...

wet ... ... .Guns ... ... ... ... ... .

Howitzers ... ......Mortars ... ... ......Stones and earth ... ... ...

Charges, demolition-Ammonal, making up of ... ... .Calculations for ... ... ... ...Connecting up primer, detonator and fuze ...Demolitions under water ... ... ..Dynamite, fixing of ... ... ... ..Failure of, common causes ... ...Location of in building for demolition ..Making up and fixing, important points in ...

percautions ... ... ... ...

Mobile, use and making up of ...Stockades, calculation for ... ... .Tamping of ... ... ... ... ...

Charges firing of-Alternative methods ... ... ...Ammonal... ... ... ... .. .

Electrical, choice of method, points in the ...Electrically, connecting up ... ... ...

remarks ... ... ... ...

Gun-cotton ... ... ... ...

Insulated cables for ... ... ... ...Missfires, causes for ... ... ... ...Testing firing circuits ... ... ... ...

Charges, mined-Calculation of to produce definite craters ...Cordeau detonant, use of in firing ...Firing of electrically ... ... ... ...Laying of, considerations ... ... ...Priming, treatment of ... ... ...Tamping of essential ... ... ... ...

Cliffs,.chalk or rock, defence of ... ... ...., clay, defence of ... ... ... ...

.. 168

... 158

... ... 177179

... ... 177

... ... 29

... ... 178

... ... 176

... ... 22

... ... 29

... ... 181188 et seq.... 179

... ... 180

... ... 181

... ... 186

... ... 192

... ... 179.. 181

... ... 182... ... 192... ... 182

... ... 185

... ... 180

... ... 185

... ... 184

... ... 182

... ... 180... 183, 184... 185, 186... 184

188, 189... ... 179... ... 186... ... 189... ... 189... 182, 189... ... 92... ... 92

Coast defences, field-Bombardment, naval, effect of on .. ,Coast line, classification of ... ...Obstacles for, provision of ... ...Road blocking posts, provision ofSiting of ... ... ...

System of, general ... ...principles of development

Command post artillery, siting of ... ...Communication trenches, siting of ... ...

Communications-Cross-country tracks ... ... . ... ...Roads, see " R."Signal, burying of cable ... ... ... ...Tramways, see " T."Woods, provision of in ... ... . ... ...

Compass, remove helmet and box respirator before use...

Concealment-Artillery positions, during work on ... ... ...Battery position by screens ... ... ... ...Camouflage, use of ... ... ... .. ...

Defence posts, necessity for ... ... . ...Fire trenches, vital importance of ......Obstacles ... ... ... ....

Machine gun positions during construction ...,, guns, to be most complete ... ... ...

Shell holes, rules and points for ... ... ...Soil, disturbance of ... ... ...Trench, new, method of ... ... ...Tracks, precautions necessary ... . ...Work during progress ... ... .....

Consolidation-Trenches, fire, preparation for .. .....Outpost zone ... ... ... ...

Shell holes and craters ... .. ...Construction of shelters and dug-outs ...Control line. establishment of ... ...

Cooking arrangements-Grease traps. provision of ... ... ...In the field, a simple method ... ...Oven and cooker, types of ... ... .. ...Rations, storage of, in safes ... ...Trenches for ... ... ... ...

Weatherproof cover for cooks ... ... .. ...Co-operation with machine guns in siting trenches ...Cordage, detail of supply ... ... ... .. ..

... ... ... 90... ... ... 91

90.. .. . . 90

. ... ... 90

... ... ... 91... ... 77

... ... ... 38

162 et seq.

... 88

88... 111

... 77101

93 et seq.... 86... 36

47... 47

42, 4341

... 74

... 95

... 1009543

608474

.153... 128

.. 149150150150150150

... 35, 41... 215

Cordeau detonant-Characteristics of ...Detonating, methods of ... ...Fixing of, precautions ...Gun-cotton primer to be used:... ..Uses for ... ...

Corrugated iron, nailing of ... ...,, ,, revetments ... ...

Cover-

Artillery positions, order of importanceExisting, use of ... ... .. ..Guns, anti-aircraft, provision ofHead, provision of hasty .. ...Overhead, not for fire trenchesSearchlights, anti-aircraft, provision ofShell-proof for artillery ammunition ...

,, medium, description of ...Smoke, use of ...Splinter-proof, description of ... ...Thickness of, for shell-proof protection

Craters, defence of ......,, on roads, treatment of ... ...

Crops, treatment of, in the defence

'Cross-country tracks-Lanterns, use of at junctions and pointsMarking of, methods ...Necessity for provision of ... ..Pack animals, construction ofRoads, crossing of, preparation for ...Track wardens, for maintenance of ...Tracks for men, construction of ...Transport, horsed, construction of ...Trenches, crossing of ...

179179181180179154

76, 77197667677678

15415575

... 163,

Crossings, gap-Dry or fordable no arrangements necessary ..Illuminated signs by night forInfantry; tactical, limitations to ... . ..Numbering of ... ... ... ... . ...

Sides, precipitous, arrangements necessary ... ... :.Tapes, laying of before assault ... .. . ..Traffic, control of, at ... ... ... ...

-Crossings, small streams, use of causeway for .. : .Culvert, in road crossing over a small stream ... ... ...Curtains, gas, particulars of : . :... . . ...

Cutting tools,. description ... ... ...... ...

,, list of ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

163162162164165164163164164

142128128128142128128168168

D.PAGE.

... .. ... 151... ... 131

Dead animals, disposal of ... .. ...Decking, bridges, nature, and care of ...

Defence-Co-ordination of all items of theCommunication trenches, methods of...

Crops, treatment of in theEfficient, method of obtaining the most

Gas, methods for

Posts, siting of ...

Successful, essentials for

Tank attack, obstacles suitable

Walls, use of, in ...

Woods, use of, in

Defence of-

Beaches, inspection of groynes ... ...Blockhouses ... ... ... ...

Camps in uncivilized warfare .. ... ...

Clay cliffs, demand special attention ... ...Cliffs of chalk or rook, points in the ... ...Embankments and cuttings ... ...

Hedges, important points ... ... ...Marshy shores with sea walls ... ... ...Sand hills, disadvantages of, in the ... ...

Sangars ... ... ... ... .. ...

Shell-holes and craters ... ... ... ...

Shingle beaches, difficulties in the ... ...Stockades ... ... ... ... ...

Town fronts on sea shore, arrangements for ...Villages, organization of ... ...Walls, considerations ... ... ... ...

Defence posts-

Accommodation necessary ... ... ...Concealment, necessity for ... ...Construction and organization of

Machine gun, siting of ... ... . ...

Siting of ... ... ... ......

Term, explanation of ... ... ...

Defences-

... ... 92

... ... 73

... ... 89

... ... .92... ... 92

... ... 73

... ... 91

... .. 91

... ... 73

... ... 74,75

... ... 91

... . 73

... 9287

... 73

... . 86... 86

... 86

... ... 87... 83... ... 86

Anti-aircraft, cover for ... ... .. .. ... ... - 76

Field, for artillery, descriptions ... ... ... 76 et seq.,, of a coast line, see" C."

responsibility for execution of ... ... ... ... 103

Hasty io c t i ... ... wr b n e ... 18Rear positions, construction of field works by engineers ... 103

PAGE.Defences-contd.

Shell-hole and crater ... ... ... ... ... ... 74

,.. temporary nature of ... ... ... ... 74Types of, officers to study ... ... ... ... ... 103Uncivilized warfare, design of, hints on ... .. ... 89, 90

Defences, deliberate-Employment of ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 19

Scope of, limitations ... .. ... ... ... ... 19Trenches, tracing of, instructions for ... ... ... ... 111

Defended localities-Accommodation, additional ... ... ... ... ... 87Concealment of, necessity for ... ... ... ... ... 87Obstacles, provision of ... ... ... ... ... ... 87Organization of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 87

Siting of, for defence of marshy shores with sea walls ... 91Term, explanation of ... ... ... ... .. ... 86

Defensive position-Foreground, preparation of ... ..... ... ... 39Inter-communication, notice boards for ... ... ... 88Junctions of formations, co-ordination of siting ... ... 82Line of, important considerations ... ... ... ... 81Obstacles for, order of priority ... ... .. .. 49Sectors, division of into ... ... ... ... ... 82Selection of, principles affecting ... ... .... 81Shell-holes and craters, conversion into a ... ... ... 74Signal communication, system of buried ... ... ... 88Siting of, considerations ... ... ... ... ... 81

Defensive system--Coast defences, field, development of ... ... ... 90

,, line, general ... ... ... .. ... ... 90

Composition of ... .. ... .. . ... ... ... 81

Construction of, responsibility for ... ... ... ... 103Headquarters, infantry and artillery ... ... ... ... 85Inter-communication, notice boards for .. ... ... 88Organization of ... ... . ... .. ... .. 85

Priority of work, decision for ... ... .. ... ... 85Reconnaissance and siting of ... ... ... ... ... 82Switches, use of, in .. .. .. ... ... ... 85Trenches, siting of, considerations ... ... ... .. 85Woods, design of, important points ... ... ... ... 88

inclusion of in a ... ... ... ... 87

Definition of camouflage ... ... . ... ... ... 93

Definitions (terms) ... ......... ... ... 13-17

Demolition stores, list of ... ... ... ... ... - ... 219

'Demolitions-Ammonal, disadvantages of, in ... ...... . 177Bridges deliberate method .. ... ... ... ... 193

PAGE.Demolitions-contd.

Bridges, hasty method ... ... ... ... ... ... 194

Buildings, distribution of charges for ... ... ... 192Charges for, see " C."Classification of ... ... ... ... ... ... 187, 188

Deliberate, best method of firing charges ... ... 185, 186Entanglements, barbed wire by Bangalore torpedo ... 58, 192Girders, considerations and formula .. ... ... 190, 191Gun-cotton, wet, use of in ... .. ... .. ... 177

Guns, method of ... .. ... ... .. . ... 191

Iron and steel work, formula ... ... ... .. ... 190

Objectives for, selection of ... ... ... ... ... 187

Other means, than by explosives ... ... ... ... 187Railways, methods of ... .. .. ... ... 195, 196

Reconnaissance for ... .. ... ... ... ... 187

Stockades ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 192

Timber posts and trees, method ... ... ... ... 192Uses of in warfare ... ... .. ... ... 186 et seq.

Derricks-Design of, factors governing .. .. ... 125Power required ......... ..... ...... ... 223Raising, method of ... ...... ... .... 122

Single, description and use of ... ... .. ... ... 122Spars, size of to be used .. ... ... 221Stresses, example of .. ... .. .... 125, 126

in lifting .... .. ... ... ... 221Swinging, description and use of ... ... ... ... 122Tackles for ... ... ... ... ... ... 222

Working party for erecting ... ... ... ... 123Destructor, provision of ... ... ... ... ... ... 151Detonation, nature of ... ... ... .. .... 176

Detonators-Commercial caps ... ... ... ... ... 178Connecting up for firing, precautions ... ... 180, 181Electric, No. 13, description of ... ... 178, 182No. 8, description and use of ... .. ... . :.. 178Precautions in fixing ... ... ... .. . - 181Storage and care of ... ... .. .. . 178Withdrawing from ammonal a dangerous- operation... ... 180

Dig, every man to be trained to ..., .. .. .. . 26Distance between two points, how to find . .. ... ... 33Drags, ropes, G.S., description of ... .. ....... 115

:Drainage- .... .. :Dug-outs, arrangements for ... ... ... .. ... 159Duty of maintenance ... ... ... . ... ... 66Gun emplacements ... ... ... .... . ... 78

Drainage-contd.Machine gun emplacements ... ... ...Roads, arrangements for .. .. ...Shell-holes, vital importance of ... ...Tramway tracks... .... ... ...Trenches .. ... .. ......

Trenches, ammunition ... ... ... .Drill for making wire obstacles ...Dug-outs--

Artillery, siting of ... ... ...Bunking, particulars of...... ...Construction, essential points in ...

,, general instructions ... ...Drainage, importance of ... ... ...Earth on one support, to find weight of ...Girders and rails in, safe loads for ... ...Protection by, degrees of ... ... ...Roofs, beams in, size of ...

,, of, instructions for ... ... .

Shell-proof, medium, cover for... ... ...Special, mine warfare ..... ...Splinter-proof, cover for ... ... .Timber, economy in use of ... ... ...

,, joists and poles in, safe loads for ...Tunnelled, accommodation required in

,, advantages and disadvantages of,, design and construction ... ...,, for shell-proof protection ...

Ventilation of, precautions ... ... ...Working parties, details for ... ... ...

Dug-outs, tunnelled-Chambers, construction of ... . ...Design and construction of ... ... ...Galleries, construction of ... .. .

Protection, shell-proof, as ... ...Dummy gun position, clues of active battery in ...Dumps, establishment of ... ... ...

,, forward, camouflage of ... ...

,, tool, in position warfare ... .. ...

Dynamite-Calculation of charges ... ... ...Characteristics of .. ... ...Comparison with wet gun-cotton ... ...Frozen, necessity for care in dealing with ...Manufacture and issue of ...Ramming of charge with an iron bar, dangerousUse of ... ... ... ... ...

... ... 43166, 167, 169

... ... 74

... 174...... 38, 65

...... 78... ... 53

... 77

... 160... 153

... 153159

... 154

154, 224... 151... 223

... 154

... 155

... 25

... 154

... 156

... 154

... 156

157 et seq.155 et seq... 160... 160

... 158157 et seq.

158155 et seq.... 99... 31

... 99

... 107

... 188177

... 177

177.. 177.. 181

... 177

Earth-Characteristics of

PAGB.... ... ... ... ... ... 29

Depth of, for splinter-proof protectionExcavated, conspicuous from air ...Use of in field defences ... ...Weight of ...

,, of on roof, how to find ...Electrical firing of charges ... ... ...Electricity, as a means of firing charges ...Elephant shelters ... ... ... ...Embankments and cuttings, defence of ...

Emplacements-Ammunition not to be stored in ...Dimensions of, for various types of gunsDrainage of ... ... ... ...Gun, classification of ... ... ...Machine gun ... ... ... ...Platforms for, particulars of ... ...Protection of, measures for ... ...

Enfilade fire, siting trenches for ... ...Engineering, field, introduction ... ...Engineers employed on field works... ...

Entanglements-Abatis, destruction of by artillery ...Barbed wire, demolition of by BangaloreConcertina wire, description of ...Double apron fence, best pattern ...Gaps, provision of, in ... ... ...Line of to be taped ... . ...Low wire, description of ... ...Passage through ... ... ...Spider wire, construction of ... ...Standard French wire, rapid form of...Tree, construction of ... ... ...Wire, for communication trenches ...

,, man loads ... .. -.. ...

Woods, edge of, to deny enemy access

Entrenching-Tools, description ... ... ...Tools, list of ...... ...

Expanded metal revetmentsExploder, Dynamo, Electric Mk. VExplosion, nature of ... ... ... ...

... 154... ... ... 43... ... ... 29... ... ... 29... ... ... 152... ... 182et seq.... ... ... 178... ... ... 153... ... ... 73

... ... ... 78

... ... ... 79... ... ... 78

... ... 78

.. ... 40 et seq.... ... ... 79-81

... ... ... 79... ... ... 35... ... ... 16... ... ... 103

... 58torpedo ... 58, 192... ... ... 50... ... ... 50... ... 48, 49, 86... ... ... 51... ... ... 50

.. ... ... 58, 86... ... ... 51.... ... ... 49

... ... ... 57

... ... ... 62... ... ... 56

... ... ... 87

71183176

"' "' "'

Explosives-,Ammonal... ... ...

Bulk, for use on service

Classification of .. ...Cordeau detonant ...

Detonators for ... ...

Dynamite ...

Fulminate of mercury ...

Gun-cotton, dry ...wet ...

Methods of firing ...

Primers, use of ... ...

Fascine, use and making of ... ... ... ...

Felling trees ... ... ...

Ferries, use of rafts as ... ... ...

Field defences of a coast line ... ... ...

for artillery ... ... ...

responsibility for execution of ...

,, engineering, introduction ... ...

Field fortifications-

Aeroplane, protection from ... ... ...

Classification of ... ... ... ..

Bombs, aerial, protection against ... ...

Defences,. deliberate ... ... ... ...

S hasty ... ... . . .

Definition of ... ... ... ... ...

Design of, effects of modern war on ...

Gas, as affecting design... ... ..General principles of ... ... ... ...

Mines, influence on design ... ...

Objects of, main... ... ... ...

Tanks, influence on design ... ...Tools and materials used in ... ... ...

Field geometry ... ... ...

,, level, use of ... ...

Field of fire-

Extent of... ... ... ... ... ...

Foreground, preparation of ... ... ...

Improving and clearing ... ... ...

Woods, clearing for ... ... ... ...

Field works-

Construction, responsibility for ... ...

Division of into two classes ... ...

... ... 177

... ... 176

... 176

... 179

... 177

... ... 178

... 178

... ... 176

... 177, 178

... ... 178

... 30

... 29

... 140

90 et seq.76 et seq.

... 16

... 26

... 18

... 26

... 19

... 18

... 19

... 25

18 et seq.

... 25

27 et seq.... 32-34

... 32

... 35, 38

... 39

... ... 103

"' "' "'

" " "'

"' "' "'

......

........

.........

........

......

242Field works-contd. PAGE.

Engineers, employment on ... .. .... ... 103Officer in charge, responsibilities of ... ... 104, 106, 107, 110Reconnaissance for ... 104 et seq.Table of time, men and tools for ... ... ... 202 et seq.Task and time work-division of .. .. .... ... 109Tasks, limits of, to be marked ... ... ... ... 105Tools, demands for working parties ... ... ... ... 106Trenches, tracing of ... .. ... .. .. ... 111Withdrawal from, authority for ... ... ... ... 104

Fire-Artillery, attraction by villages for ... ... ... ... 87Classification of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19Enfilade, considerations in siting trenches ... ... ... 35Machine gun, description and use of ... ... .. ... 21

,, penetration of ... ... ... ... ... 21Protection of camouflage against ... ... ... ... 98Rifle, maximum range ... ... ... ... ... ... 20Trenches, concealment of ... ... .. .. ... 36

design of ... ... ... ... ... 59-61

,, siting of ... ... ... ... ... ... 34-40

Firing charges, see " C."Fishing spars, how to ... .... .. ... ... ... 115Flash screens, use of at night ... ... ... ... ... 102Flying bridge ... ... ... ... . ... ... ... 140

Fords-Approaches, preparation of ... .. ... .... 142

Marking of ... ... . .. ... ... ... 142

Notice boards for ... ... . .. .. .. 142Passable, limits to depth of ... ... .... ... ... 141Positions of ... ... ... ... 142

Shallow muddy rivers, use of mats ... ... ... 142Streams, efforts to bridge, necessity for ... ... ... 142

Forward slope positions ... .. ... .. ... ... 36Frames revetting, use of ... ... ... .... ... 31, 70Fulminate of mercury, characteristics of ... ... ... ... 178Fuze, safety, connecting up for firing ... ... ... 180, 181

,, ,, No. 11, rate of burning ... ... ... ... 177Fuzes, lighting of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 183

Gabions in revetments ... ...... .. ... .. 72use and making of ... .. ... .. ... ... 30

Galleries, dug-outs, construction of .... ... ... ... 158Gap, measurement and section of, for bridging ... ... ... 129Gaps, crossing, see " C."

Gaps in wire, provision of ... ... ...

,, road, protection of ... ...

,, small, bridging by filling in .. ...

,, assault across, approaches for ...

Bore holes of dug-outs, precautions ...

Curtains, particulars of ... .

Defence against ... ... ...

Helmet, carrying of by working parties

Villages a harbour for ... .Woods, harbouring of ...

Gauges, use of in a wet gap ... .

Geometry, field ... ... .

Girders, demolition of

,, to find load of earth on span

Grease traps, provision of ... ... .

Ground, boggy, passage of ... ... .

,, foul, marking of ... ... ...

study of, before siting trenches ...

Groynes, inspection of, in defence of beaches

G.S. wagon loads of field stores ... ...

Guides for working parties ... ... ...

working parties, fictitious names for

Gun-cotton, dry, characteristics of ...

... 48, 86

... 48

... 134

... 128

... 160

... 76

... 75

... 109

... 87

... 133

... 32-34... 190

... 224

... 149

... 164

... 151

... 92

.. 208

105, 106... 108

... 178

Gun-cotton, wet-

Calculation of charges ... ... ......... .. 188

Characteristics and use of .. . ... ... .. 176

Composition of ... ... ... ... . ... 176

Issue of, for use ... ... ... ...... ... ... 176

Gun emplacements, classification of ... ... ... ... 78

, pits, reverberation of ... ... .. ... ... 79

, platforms, particulars of ... ... . ... ... 79-80

various natures, details of ... .. ... 80-81

, position, dummy, clues of active battery in ... ... 99

Guns, anti-aircraft, cover for ... ... ... ... ... 76

,, characteristics of ...... .. ... ... ... 22

heavy, method of camouflage ........ ... 98

methods of demolition of ... ... ... ... ... 191

Gyns-S Description and use of ... ... ... ... 124

Design of, factors governing ... ... ... .. ... 125

Power required ... ...... 223

Spars, size of to be used ... ... ... ... 221

Stresses in lifting ... ... ... ... ... 221Tackles for ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 222

Working with, points for ... ... ... ... .. 124

Handrails, nature and use of on bridges ...

Hasty defences ... ... ... ...Head cover, provision of hasty ... ...

Hedges, defence of ... ... ... ...

S in the defence, use of ... .Holdfasts, description and strength of ...Helmet, steel, removal before using compassHouses, demolition of ... ... ...Howitzers, characteristics of ... ...Hurdles, use and making of ... ...

Hutments-

Hutting, provision of ... ... ...Latrines, provision of ... ... ...Protection for splinters ... ...Siting of, factor determining ... ...Stoves, issue of for ... ... ...Water, daily allowance of ... ...

I.Illumination of obstacles ... ... .

Incinerator, temporary, type of ...Intelligence posts ... ... ...Introduction, field engineering ...

Inundations, use of ... ...Iron and steel work, demolition of ...

Keep, provision of in village defence

Knife rests ... ... ... ...

Knots, desdription and use of ... ...

PAGE.132

... 18

... 67

... 73

... 39

116, 117... 111

... 40

... 22

... 30

... 145

... 150

... 146

... 141

... 146

... 151

... 16

... 190

... 87

... 56

113 et seq.

Laagers, description of ... .... ... ... ... ... 89

Land mines, see " M. "Landing stages for rafts ... ... ... . ... ... 140

Lashings-

Diagonal, description and use of ... ... ... ... 114

Hemp-rope, precautions necessary ... ... .. ... 115

Rack, description and use of ... ... ... ... ... 114

Rope or wire for fastening bridge work ... ... ... 132

Lashings-contd.

Square, description and use of...

Strength of ... ...

Wire, use of ... ...

Latrines-

Accommodation, scale of ...

Provision of, urgency for ..

Screens, provision of ... ...

Sites for, precautions ... ...

Types of ... ... ... ...

Ledgers and shoes, use of with bridges

Level, field, use of ... ... ...

Levers, various orders of ... ...

Localities, defended, see " D."

Look-out posts ... ...

Loopholes, construction and use of...

Lorry, 3-ton, loads of field stores ...

Machine gun-

Bullets, penetration of ... ... ... ...

Defence posts, siting of ... . .

Fire, description and use of ... ... .

Machine gun emplacements-

Camouflage of ... ... . . .

Champagne type ... ... .

Classification of ... ... .. .

types ... ... ..

Coast defences, siting of ... ...

Construction of ... ... ... . . ..

Dimensions of ... ... . ... .

Drainage and revetment of ...

General principles ... ...

Hasty, construction of ... ... ... ...

Moir pill-box, type ... ...

Open, description and use ... ...

Reinforced cement, type ... .

Siting of on lower slopes of clay cliff coast ...

Type, factors governing ... ... ...

Machine gun positions-

Concealment during construction ...

Considerations in siting ...

Harassing fire, for ... ...

Marking of by flags ... .. .. .

Responsibility for siting ...

Villages, siting of in ... ... ..

Woods, siting of in ... ... ... ...

... 114

... 119

... 115

... 150

... 151

... 150

117, 118

... 68

... 67

... 208

... 21

... 99, 100... ... 45

... ... 41

... 45

... ... 90

... ... 42

... 44

... ... 43

... ... 40

... ... 42,43

... ... 46

... ... 45

... ... 46

... ... 92

... ... 41

... ... 42,43... 41

... 42

... 83

... 41

... ... 88

Machine guns-- PAGE.Concealment and protection for ... ... ... ... 41Co-operation with in siting trenches ... ... ... ... 35, 41

Man loads of field stores ... ... ... ... ... 208Manure, disposal of .. : ... ... ... ... ... ... 151Marks, range, to be provided ... ... ... ... ... 40Marshy shores with sea walls, defence of ... ... . 91Materials, distribution of, method ... ... ... .. ... 31Metalled roads, construction of ... ... ... ... 165 et seq.Mined charges, see " C."

Mines, land-Contact mines, description of ... ... ... . ... 196Delay action mines, description of ... ... ... 197Detection and removal of ... ... ... ... 198, 199Nature, use and classification of .. .. ... ... 196Observation mines, description of ... ... .. ... 197Precautions necessary ... ... ... .. ... .. 198Surface, use of ... ... ..... ... ... ... 57

Trench system, influence on design of ... ... ... 25Mining work, camouflage of .. ... .. ... ... 99Mirage, effect on wire obstacles ... ... ... ... 51Missfires in firing charges ... ... 185, 186Mortars, characteristics of ... ... ... .. .. ... 22Mousing a hook ... ... ... ..... ... 115

Nails, method of using with corrugated iron ... .. ... 154particulars of ... .. ... .. . ... ... 218

Netting, wire, use of ... ... ... 71, 163Night work, training for ... ......... 17Notice boards for bridges ... ... ... . ... ... 132

,, for fords ... ... . . .. 142,, ,, for inter-communication ... ...... 88

,, for marking tracks.... ... ... 162

Observation, enemy, means of ... ... .. .. ... 93

Observation posts- .

Camouflage of, methods ... . .. . .. .. 98Craters, importance of, in ....... .. .. 75Defence posts, provision for ... ... .. ... ... 86Design of, considerations .. ... ... ... 68Security of in siting trenches .. ... ... ... ... 35

Obstacles- PAGE.

Abatis, destruction of by artillery ... ... ... ... 58Anchorage of ... ... : ... ... ... ... 48

Apron fence, thickening of ... ... ... ... ... 55

Bangalore torpedo, use against ... .. 58, 192Barbed wire, most effective ... ... . ...... 49Barricades, use of ... ... ... ... ... 57

Coast defences, provision of ... ... ... ... ... 90Communication trenches, making along ... ... 48Concealment of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 47

Concertina wire, description of ... . ...... 50Construction of, considerations .. ... ... .... 48

,, duty of ... ... ... ... .. ... 49

Craters by mined charges ... ... ... ... 189

Defence against tank attack ... ... .. ... .... 75

Defended localities, provision of ... ... ... ... 87Destruction of by artillery ... ... ... ... ... 47, 58

Double apron fence, description ... .. ... ... 50Erection of, without authority ... ... ... ... 49Gaps, concealment of ... ... . ... ... 49

,, marking of ... .. . .. ... .. 49

Hasty, storage of for defence of a clay cliff coast line ... 92Hedges, in the defence ... . ... . ... ... 39

Illumination of ... ... ... ... 58Inundations, use of ... ... ... ... ... 57

Low wire entanglement, description ... ... ... ... 50Mines, surface, use of ... ..... ... ... ... 57

Nature of.. .. ...... . .. .. ... ... 47

Passage of, through wire, &c. ... ... ... ... ... 58

Portable, for use in defence of 'a shingle beach ... ... 91Protection of ... ... .. ... ... .. .. 49

Protective, siting and use of ... ... .. ... 47

Spider wire, description ... ... .. ... ... 51

Standard French wire, rapidity of ... ... ... 49Sunken, value of ... ... ... .. ... ... 48

Tactical, siting and use of ... ... ... ..... 47

Tank, nature of ... ... ... .. ... .. ... 58

Tree entanglement ... ... ... ... .. .. 57

Wire, effect of mirage on ... ... ... .. 51

,; drill for making .. .... . .. ... ... 53 et seq.

man loads ... ... ...... ... 56

,, marking position of by lags ... ... . ... 82, sunken, against tank and infantry attacks ... 75,, visibility from the air ... ... ... ... . 51

Woods, conversion of into .. 87

use of, in defence ... . ... ... ... 40

Zone, passage for artillery .. ... ... ... ... 49

,, weakest point in .. ... ... .... .. 48

Officer in charge of-

Bridge construction, duty of ... ...Tramways, responsibilities of ... ...Field works, responsibilities of ...Working party, responsibilities of ...

Officer ordering a working party, duty of...Officers to study types of defences... ...Orchards, see " Woods."

Outpost zone-

Communication trenches in ...Consolidation of ...

Extent of... ...

Organization and siting ofOverhauling a tackle

Overhead cover not for fire trenches

Parties, tracing ... ... ... ...

S working ... ... ... .

Passing places in communication trenches

,, on single way roads ... ...

points on tramway tracks ... ...

Penetration of machine gun bullets ...

of a pointed rifle bullet ...

Periscopes, use of in various objects ...

Perpendicular, how to trace ... ...

Photographs, aeroplane, see " A."

,, air, reading of ... ...

Piers, bridge-

Boats ... ... ... ...

Casks ... ... .

Crib ... ...

Logs ... .. ... ...

Trestles ... ... . .

Pickaxe, use and method ...

Pickets, use of as holdfasts ... ... ...

,, ,, use on revetments ...

Platforms, gun, details of the various natures

, particulars of ...

Planking, forest, in revetments ... ...

Positions-

Artillery, order in construction of

Battery, concealment of by screens ..

Captured, fire trenches for .

Defensive, preparation of the foreground

... 132

... 175

106, 107, 110

104, 106, 111

... 103

.. ... 112

... ... 103 et seq.... ... 62

... 166, 170

... ... ... 174

... 21

... ... 20

... 99

.. ... ... 33

... ... ... 93

Positions-contd.

Dummy gun, clues of active battery inFire, drainage of ... ... .

,, nature of protection for... ...Forward slope, description ...Machine gun, responsibility for sitingReverse slope, description ... ...

Command, artillery, siting of ... ...Defence, see " D."

Intelligence ... ... ...Look-out ... ... ... ..

Marking tracks, for ... ... ...Observation ... ... ... ...

S in craters, importance ofRoad blocking in field coast defences

Snipers', siting and construction of ...

Primers-

Connecting up for firing ... ...Mined charges, treatment of ... ...Testing of before use, precautions ...Use of ... ... ... ...

Gun-cotton, dry, issue of ... ...

Protection-

Aeroplane attack ... ... ...Bivouacs, from shell and bomb splinters

Camouflage, against fire ... ...Communication trenches ...

Efficient, for all works, for occupation

Gas, in dug-outs ... ... .

Hutments, splinter-proof ...Machine guns, to be most complete ...Obstacles to have ... ...

Shell-proof for ammunition ...

medium ... ...

thickness of cover ...

Shelters and dug-outs ..

Splinter-proof, description of ... ...

Trenches, concealment the best ..,, natures of ... ... ...

Working parties, precautions necessaryProtective obstacles ... ... ... ...

Pumps, supply of, for drainage ... ...

Purifying water, methods of ...

... 58

... 41

... 36

... ... ... 77

... ... .. 68

... ... ... 68

... ... 162

... ... 68

... ... ... 75

... .. ... 90

... ... ... 68

... 180

... 189

... 180

... 178

... 26... 145

... 62

... 58

... 25

... 146

... 41

... 49

... 78

... 155

151 et seq.

... 154

... 35

... 109

... 47

... 65

... 147

Rafts-Buoyancy of, calculations for ... ..Deck space, estimating forDescriptions of, general ...Extemporized, for 18-pdr. gun ...Ferries, permanent, use as ......Landing stages for ... ... ... ..Loads, table of, due to light artillery, &c ...

Rails, safe loads over spans ... ... ...Railways-

Demolition of, methods ... . ...Obstacles on, craters by mined charges ...

Range marks, to be provided ...Rear systems, use and organizations ofReconniassance-

Battle position, marking of by flags ... ...Defensive system, conduct of ... ...

,, , , responsibility for co-ordinationDemolitions, importance of, for ..Field works, modifications ... ... .Preliminary, defensive system ...

for tracing trenches ... ...Siting of defended localities ... ... .Tramways, special points for ...

Reeving a tackleRefuse, camp, disposal of ..Reserve trenches, design of ...Reverse slope positions ... ...Revetment-

Trenches, considerations onType, selection of ... ...

Revetments-Brushwood, preparation and use in ...Corrugated iron, use in ... ...Expanded metal, use in ...Gabions, use of in ... ... .Machine gun emplacements ... ...Pickets, use of inPlanking, forest, use in .. . ..Revetting frames, use of inSandbags, preparation and use in . ..Sods, construction of ..

Types of ... .Wire netting and canvas, useless in ...

Revetting of communication trenches ... ...Ribands or wheel-guides, use of

... 143S140... 139

... 141

... 140

... 140143

... 224

195, 196189

... 40

... 86

... 8282

... 82

. 187.. 104

... 34

... 111

... 82

... 173120151

... 63

... ... 6969

7171717243707170

... .. 72

70... ... 71

... ... 62

... ... ... ... 131

Rides, provision of in woods ... ..... ... ... ... 40, 88

Rifle fire, maximum range ... .. ... ... ... ... 20

Right angle, how to lay out .. ... ... ... ... 33

River traffic, passage through floating bridges ... ... ... 137Rivers, muddy, shallow, crossing on mats... ... ... ... 142Road-bearers and beams, sizes of ... ... ... ... ... 223

Road blocking posts in field coast defences ... ... ... 90,, bridges ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 126 et seq.

,, gaps, protection of ... .. ... ... ... ... 48

,, screens, siting of ... ... ... ... ... ... 102

,, bearers, nature and laying of ... ... ...... 131

Roads-Bridges, nature and width of ... .. ... .. ... 130

Causeways, use of ... ... ... ... ... ... 168

Construction, general principles ... .. ... ... 165

Metalled-Camber in, particulars of ... ... ... ... 166, 169Construction, operations of ... ... ... ... 165Craters, filling in of ... ... ... ... ... 168

Drainage of ... . ... ... ... 166, 167

Maintenance of ... ... ... ... ... 166 et seq.

Passing places on single way ... ... ... 166, 170Ruts, repair of ... ... ... ... ... ... 167

Thaw precautions, for traffic ... ... ... ... 166Width of single and double way ... ... ... ... 166

Obstacles in, craters by mined charges ... ... ... 189

Slab, sleeper or corduroy-Width of single and double way ... ... ... ... 169Turning places, provision of ... ... ... 170Construction of, methods ... ... ... ... 169-170Drainage of ... . .. .. ... ... 169

Converting into metalled ... ... ... ... ... 170

Natures of ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 169

Materials, description of ... ... ... ... ... 169

Sunk, special points on ... ... ... . .. 167

Tracks, crossing, preparation for ... ... ... ... 165Tramway crossings, construction of ... ... ... ... 174

Roofs of shelters and dug-outs ... ... ... ... 154

Rope-Care of when using ... ... ... .. .. ... 118

Descriptions of service ... ... ... ... ... ... 118

Lashings for fastening bridge work ... .. ... ... 132Precautions when working ... ... ... .. ... 118

Seizing ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... 115

Size of, how measured ... ... ... ... ... ... 119

Whipping ... ... ... ...... .. ... 115

Rope-contd. PAGE.Wire, table of lengths and weights ... .. ... ... 217Working stress of ... ... ... ... ... ... 119

Ropes, drag, G.S., description of ...... ... ... ... 115

Russian saps, conversion to communication trenches ... ... 65,, ,, nature and use of ... ... ... ... ... 64

Sacks, capacity and use of ... ... ... ... ... ... 30, 31

Safes, for storage of rations ... ... ... ... ... 150

Sandbags, dimensions and use of ... ... ... ... ... 30

,, in revetments ... ... .. ... ... ... 72

Sand hills, defence of ... ... .. .. ... ... 91

Sangars, construction of ... ... ... ... ... ... 29

,, defence of ... ... .... .. ... ... 73

Sanitation, bearing on efficiency of force ... ... ... ... 144Sapping, explanation of term ... ... ... ... 64

Saps, Russian, nature and use of ... ..... .. ... 64

,, wiring of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 64

Scouring, cause and action against ... ...... ... 136Screening, aim and methods of ... ... ..... 100

Screens-Artificial, description of ... ... ... ... ... 100

Camouflaged, preparation and use of ... ... ... 101Flash, use of at night ... ... ... ... .. ... 102

Handrails on bridges for horse traffic, supply of ... ... 132Latrine, provision of ... ... .. . .. ... ... 151

Manufacture, erection and maintenance of ... ... ... 102Natural, preparation of... ... ... ... ... ... 101

Plain, use and effect of... ... ... ... ... ... 101

Road, siting of ... ... .... .. . .. ... ... 102

Searchlights, anti-aircraft, cover for ... .. ... ... 76Sectors, siting of trenches at junctions ... .... ... 34Seizing a rope ... ... ... ...... ... 115

Selvagees, use of ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 116

Sheers-Description and use of ... ... ... ... ... ... 123

Design of, factors governing ... ... ... .. ... 125

Power required ... ... ... ... ... ... 223

Spars, size of to be used ... ... ... ... ... 221

Stresses, example of ... ... ... ... ... 125, 126

,, in lifting ... ... ... ... .. .. .. 221Tackles for ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... 222

Shell-holes-Concealment of from ground observers ... ... ... 74Consolidation and defence of ... ... ... ... ... 74

Shell-holes-contd. PAGE.Conversion of into a defensive position ... ... ... 74Defences, temporary nature of ... ... ... ... 74Drainage of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 74Water in, never to be used for drinking ... ... ... 146

Shell-proof accommodation order of construction ... ... 88,, medium, cover ... ... ... ... ... 155,, protection .. ... ... .. ... 155 et seq.

Shells, classification and use of ... ... ... ... ... 23-25

Shelters, protective--Ammunition, artillery ... ... ... ... ... ... 77Construction, essential points in ... ... .... 153

,, general instructions ... ... .. ... 153Curved corrugated iron ... .. ... ... ... 152Earth on one support, to find weight of ... ... ... 154Elephant, large and small ... .. ... ... ... 152Girders and rails in, safe loads for ... ... ... 154, 224Materials for, list of ... ... ... ... ... ... 213Personnel, artillery, instructions for ... .. ...... 77Provision of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 151Roofs of, instructions for ... ... ... ... ... 154Shell-proof, medium, cover for ... ... . ... 155Splinter-proof cover for... ... ... .. ... ... 154Timber-joists and poles in, safe loads for ... ... ... 154Troughing plates ... ... ... ... ... ... 152

Types of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 152

Shovel, use and method ... ... ... ... ... ... 27

Sighting of rifles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20

Single derrick ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122

Siting of trenches ... ... .. .... .. ... ... 34-40

Slings, various, designation and strength of .. ... ... 116Slit trenches, description and use of ... ... ... ... 63Slopes, angles, conversion into fractions ... .. ... ... 32

,, described by fractions ... .. ... ... ... 31,, earth, affect of weather on ... ... . ... 29,, gauging ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... 32

,, setting off .. ... ... .. . ... ... ... 32

Smoke, production and use of ... .. ... ... ... 25Snatch blocks, use of... ... ... ... ... ... 120, 121Snipers' posts, siting and construction of ... ... . ... 68Snow camouflage, considerations ... ... .. ... ... 99Sods, cutting of ... ... ... .. ... .. ... 29

use of ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... ... 29

Spar, carrying of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 122

,, how to lash a block to a ... ... .. ... ... 115Spars, fishing of, how to .. ... .. . .... .. ... 115

how to lash ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 114

Splinter-proof cover ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 154

Stables, siting and building of ...

Stages, landing, for rafts ...

Stockades, defence of ...

demolition of ...

Stones, use of in defence works

Stores, bridging and boat ...

,, distribution of, method ...

loads for-

G.S. wagons ... ... ...Lorry, 3-ton ... ... .

Man ... ...

Stores, miscellaneous

Sissue of for hutments ...

Streams, best method for crossing

S fordable, necessity for bridging

Sumps, considerations in provision of

S necessity for ... ..

Sunk roads, special points on ...

Support trenches, design of ... ...

Suspension bridges ...

Swinging derrick ... ...

Switches, use of in trench systems ...

Tackles-

Chock-a-block, length when ...

Definitions used with ... ...

Mechanical power of

Names of parts of

Overhaul of, method ...

Precautions before use

during use

Reeving of, method

Whip, description of ... ...

Tactical obstacles ... ...

Tamping of charges, points ...

Tank attack, defence against ..

obstacles, nature of ... ...

Tanks, as affecting design of works

camouflage of... ... ...

causeway for ... ... ...

Tape for marking tracks ... ...

Tape-templet, use of ...

Terms, technical, glossary ofTesting firing circuits

Thaw precautions for road traffic ...

... 216

... 31

... ... 208

... 146

... .. 133

... ... 142

... 6538

166, 167

.. 134

... 122

... 85

... 125

... 120

... 121

... 120

... 121

121, 122... 120

... 121

... 47... 182

... 75

... 57, 5825

... 13-17

... 184

... 166

PAGE.Timber, detail of supply ... ... ... .. ... ... 215

economy in use of in dug-outs ... ... ... 156posts, demolition of .. : ...... ... . 192use of ... ... .. .. . .. . .. ... 29

Tool dumps, in position warfare ... ...: ... ... ... 107

Tools-Cutting, description ... ... ... ... ... 23

,, list of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 211Demands, for working parties ... ... ... ... 107Distribution of, method ... ... ... ... ... 31Entrenching, description ... ... ... ... ... 27

,, list of ... .... .. ... ...... 211Field fortifications, used in ... ... ... ... ... 27, 28Miscellaneous ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 212

Pick-axe, method of using ... ... ... ... ... 27Shovel, method of using ... ... ... ... ... 27Training in use of, necessity for ... ... ... ... 26

Town fronts on coast line, defence of ... ... ... ... 92Trace, definition of ... ... ... .. . ... 59

Tracing-Templet, tape, use of .. ... ... ..... ... 112

Parties, organization of ... .. ... ... .. 112

Practice in, necessity for by day and night . .... ... 111Reconnaissance, preliminary, importance of ... ... 111Tape, laying of, method ... ... ... ... ... 112

Trenches, instructions for ... ... ... ... .. 111Track wardens, use of ... . ... ... 163, 164

Tracks, cross-country ... ... ... ... 162 et seq.

discipline regarding ...... ... ... ... 95

Traffic controls-Bridges, military ... ... ... ... ... ... 128

Crossings, infantry ... ... ... .. .. ... 128

Traffic, river, passage through floating bridges ... ... ... 137Trail-support for gun platforms ... ... ... .. ... 79

Training for night work ... .. ... .... . .. ... ... 17

,, in use of tools ... ... . . ... ... 26

Tramways-Construction of track ... ...... ... ... ... 173Control of rolling stock ... ... ... .. ... 175

Description of tracks ... ... . .. . ... 171, 172

Drainage of tracks ... ... ... ........ ... 174

Location of lines, points in ..... ... ... ... ... 172

Maintenance, inspection of track, points i .... .. ... 175Officer in charge, responsibilities of .. ... ... ... 175Operating forward sections, system of ... ... ... 175Passing points, provision of ... ... ... ...... 174

Purpose of ... .. ... .. ... ... ... 170

Tramways-contd. PAGE.Reconnaissance for and staking out the line... ... ... 173Road crossings, construction of ... ... ... ... 174Rules for efficient working of ... ... ... .. ... 175Types of .. ..... .. . ... .. . 171

Working parties, distribution and work of ... ... 1.73-174Transom, shore or bankseat, use of ... ... ... ... 131Transoms, support of ... ... ... ... .. ... 131

Traps, explosive-Design of ... . ... ... ... 198Detention and removal of ... ... ... ... 198, 199Object of ... ...... ... .... .. ... 197

Precautions necessary ... ... ... ... ... ... 198Traps, grease, use of ... ... ... ...... ... 149Traverses, bridge, use of .. ... ... ... ... ... 67

,, construction and use of ... ... ... ... ... 66in communication trenches ... ... ... ... 61

Trees, demolition of ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 192

,, inspection and felling of ... ... ... ... ... 29,, use of in the defence ... ... ... ... ... ... 39

Trench-board track, use of ... ... ... ... ... ... 163Trench-boards not to be used in galleries ... ... ... ... 160

,, use of... ... ... ... ... . .. 31, 61, 66Trench wardens, detail of for drainage system ... ... ... 66

Trenches-Ammunition ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 78Camouflage work on ... .. ... ... ... ... 99Concealment, as the best means of protection ... ... 35

of new ... .. .... ... ..... 100

Defensive system, siting of ... ... .. ... ... 85Design, efficiency of, factors ... ... ... ... ... 58Drainage of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 38, 65Loopholes, use of by snipers in ... ... ... ... 67Protection, nature of ... ... ... ... ... ... 58Reserve, design of ... ... ... .. ... ... 63Revetment of ... ... ... .. ... ... 69

Siting, considerations summarized ... ... ... .. 38Slit, description and use of ... ... ... ... ... 63

,, good splinter-proof protection ... ... ... ... 155Support, design of ... ... .. ... .... .. 63Tracing of, instructions for ... ... ... ... ... 111Tracks, crossing of, preparation for .. ... ... 164Woods siting of, considerations ... ... .. ... 8

Trenches, cummunication-Camouflage of, example ... ... ... ... ... 95Defence of, importance of ... ... .... .. ... 62Defended localities ... ... .. .. ... ... 89

Trenches, communication-contd.Design of ... ... ... ...Junctions, siting of ... ... ...Obstacles, making of along ... ...

Outpost zone and battle positions ...Passing places, provision of in ...Preparation for use as fire trenches ...Revetting of, necessity for ... ...Russian saps, converted into ... ...

Sign-posts for ... ... ... ...

Siting of ... ... ... ... ...

Splinter-proofs in ... .. ...Traffic, allotment of to up and down routes .Traverses in, obstruction to movement

Wardens, for drainage system, detail of

Trenches, fire-

Concealment, vital importance of ...Conditions essential for ... ...

Consolidation of captured position ..

Co-operation with machine guns in siting

Design of, affected by mines ... ...

,, affected by tanks ... ...

guiding principles ... ...

Digging of, rules for ... .. ...Enfilade fire, provision for in siting ...Field of fire, extent of ... ... ...Forward slope positions, siting of ...Ground, study of, before siting ..Lying down, construction of ... ...Mutual support, siting of, for ... ...Observation post to be secure from captureProtection against aeroplanes ... ...Recesses for ammunition, preparation ofReconnaissance for siting ...Reverse slope positions, siting ofSectors, adjustment at junctions

Section of, names of parts ...Siting of, guiding principles ...Splinter-proofs in ... ...

Trace, forms in general use ...

Tracing and marking of ...

Woods and valleys, effect of gasTrestles, placing and securing ...

Troops, protection for, degrees of ...

Tunnelled dug-outs, see " D."

(B 14783)q

6348, 62

35, 5960

35, 38

37, 3834

25, 87

U.Uncivilized warfare- PAGE.

Camps, defence of in mountainous country ... ... ... 89,, ,, in open country ... ... ... ... 89

Defensible post, example of ... ... ... ... ... 90

Design of defences, hints on from enemy ... ... ... 89

Valleys, trenches in, effect of gas ... ... ... ... ... 25Ventilation of dug-outs ... .... ... ... 160

Villages-Artillery fire, attraction by ... ... .. ... ... 87

Defence of, organization ... ... ... ... ... 87

Gas, harbour for... ...... ... ... ... ... 87

Keep, provision in defence of ... ... ... ... ... 87

Trenches in, effect of gas ... ... ... ... ... 25

Visibility of wire obstacles from the air ... .. ... ... 51

Walls, defence of ... ... . ... ... ... ... 73

,, demolition of ... ... ... ...... ... ... 39

in the defence ... ... ... .. ... ... 39

Wardens, track, use of ... ... ... .. ... 163, 164

Water, storage of in-Blockhouses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 73

Defence posts ... ... ... ... .. ... 86

Defended localities ... ... ... ... ... 87

Water supply-Allowances, daily ... ... ... ... .. ... 146

Animals, arrangements for ... ... ... ... ... 148

Control of, sentries and patrols for ... ... ... ... 148Direction boards, supply of ... ... ... ... ... 149

Distance of from camp ... ... ... ... ... 144

Men, arrangements for ... ..... ... ... ... 148

Purifying water, methods ... ... ... ... 147

Quality of, testing ... .. ... ... ... ... 147

Raising water, means of ... ... ... ... ... 148

Shell-hole water, not to be used for drinking ... ... 146Sources of, marking by flags ... ... ... ... ... 148

,, usually available ... ... ... ... ... 146

Stores, particulars of ... ... ... ... ... ... 218

Surface water, drainage for ... ... .... .. ... 149

Washing arrangements ... .. ... ... ... ... 149

Water supply-contd. PAGE.

Watering points, to be drained ... ... ... ... 149

Yield from a well, ascertaining ... . ... ... 147

,, rough average, of a stream ... ... .. ... 147

Wedges, wooden, use of ... ... ... ... ... .. 115

Weights and measures, tables of ... ... ... ... 25 et seq.

Wheel-guides or ribands, use of ... ... ... ... ... 131

Wheel-bed, for gun platforms ... ... ... ... 80

Whip tackle, description of ... ... ... ... ... 121

Whipping a rope ... ... ... ... 115

Wire-Barbed, in hedges ... .. ... ... ... 39

Cutters, issue of limited ... ... ... ... ... 51

Entanglements, barbed ... ... ... 49

,, concertina wire ... ... .. ... 50

,, double apron fence ... ... ... ... 50

,, spider wire ... ... ... ... ... 51

standard French ... ... ... ... 49

Fixing, on screw pickets ... ... ... ... ... 52

Gaps, concealment of ... ... ... ... 49

,, in, provision of .. ... ... ... ... ... 48, 49

marking of ... ... ... ... ... 49

Iron, particulars of ... ... ... ... ... ... 217

Lashings for fastening bridge ork ... ... ... ... 132

use of ... ... ... .. .. ... 115

Man loads ... ... ... ... ... ... 56

Netting and canvas in revetments ... ... ... ... 71

use of . .. ... ... ... 71, 163

Obstacles, effect of mirage on ... ... ... ... ... 51

,, drill for making .. ... ... ... 53 et seq.

,, sunken, against tank attacks ... ... ... 75

types of ... ... ... ... 49

Passage of ... . ... ... ... ... ... 58

Rope, table of lengths and weights ... ... ... ... 217

,, strength of ... ... ... ... 1.. ... 119

Steel, No. 14 gauge, strength of ... ... ... 115

,, strength of ... ... ... ... ... ... 217

Table of lengths and weights ... .. ... ... ... 217

Visibility of from the air ... ... ... .51 1Wireless chamber, artillery, siting of ... ... ... ... 77

W iring of saps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 64

,, rapid, preparation for ... ... ... ... ... 51

Woods-Communications, provision of ... ... ... ... 88

Defensive system, design of, important points ... ... 88

,, ,, inclusion of ... .... ... ... 87

Gas, a harbour for ... ... ... .. ... ... 87

Machine gun positions, siting of in ... ... ... ... 88

Woods-contd.Ride, use of in .. ...

Rides, cutting of wide ... ...

Trenches, in, effect of gas ...

siting of in ... ...

Use of, in defence ... ...

Wooden wedges, use of ... ...Work, concealment during progress

Working parties-

Arms, disposal of in rear areas

Arrival of, detail for timing the

Daily, supply of, without demand

Darkness conduct of in ...

Demand for, with previous reconnaissance

Demand for, without previous reconnaissance

Derricks, erecting and lifting weights... ...

Dug-outs, details for ... ... ...

Distribution of, methods ... .. ...

Formations, complete, to be detailed for ...

Gas helmets, carrying of ... ...

Guides, fictitious names for ... ... ...

S provision of, for ... ... ...

Loads, distribution for carrying by ... ...

Officer in command of, responsibilities ...

ordering, duty of ......

Orders for ... ... ... .. ...

Organization of ... ... ... ... ...

Protection, precautions necessary ... ...

Relief of, arrangements for ... ... ...

Smoke screen for cover ... ... ...

Task and time work for ... .

Tasks for, limits of, to be marked ... ...

Tools, demands for ... ... ... .

Tramway tracks, distributions and work ...

Zarebas, description of ... ... ... ...

Zone, obstacle... ... ... ... ... ...

,, outpost, organization and siting of ... ...

Printed under the Authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office byHARRISON & SONS, LTD., 44-47, St. Martin's Lane, W.C. 2.

... 40

... 88

... 25

40, 287

... ... ... ... 115

... ... ... ... 43

... 109

... 106

... 108

... 109

... 107

... 110

... 123

... 160

105, 108

... 106

... 109

... 108

105, 106... 106

104, 106, 111

... 106

... 108

105 et seq.109

... 110

... 25

... r09... 105

... 107

173, 174

... 89

... 48

... 84

"' "' "'

'58i\3

$rn's.582..9

1897"1328JQ

rts.l;tC

. ______________________________

cns Lith

Plate 3.

USE OF SHOVEL.

5823IB97~/~2O ~ 3. Majby& Scn~ di.582.3189Y°/323. , 790.3.2? Maaby& Son t.;tb.

te 4 ,

582. 3I8

I$2~JGO

orA3.2r.~

MaIly&

Soris.U

onsLi'h

13263,0

FihA 6.

FASCIN ES.

FASCIE TRESTLE.

Stakes ,about 64' feet Ion5g

1I FT FAsO IN E

FASCINE CHOKER

For compressing brushwood

Trestles 4 apart

Suitable tracing rectangle measures 16'0 x 4:0"

;rFig -.2.

582.31897..°"13?8./A 0CQ. 3.22 M alby .& Sons.lith.

Placte 7.

~ ~ 3~Expended Metal turned' * ,. over ato each end in order tos C C obviate tendency' to pull ot.

t3 Men, 2'4 hours. Tools; 2 Bill Hooks; 2 Gobion Knives,

D/ Mallet, /,'' ft Rod, Ipair Pliers (ifsewn in wire),

/Greuge (made on 9 ~roundj --

Jfti1 Idl Weqt56ls582.3i8~ 1323.i/YG~~j,2 Maby &Sons Ut

582.318.97-1328.),097040;,22 Ma.1by&5olis.Uth

Plate 8.E

COLLAPSIBLE WIRE NETTING GABION.Wire N/etting Omitted.

FIG. I.Y1res /acl.d top d6ottom to keep the saIpe

-wF HZ nW\~

V v VISOMETRIC VIEW.

LIGHT COLLAPSIBLE GABION

FIG. E.

PLAN (closed).

OF CANVAS.

FIG. 3. Waterproo' Canevs.

' /;m6

-- ... :Io--. E)

/. The fastener prevents the raw edgesof the. X.RM. bulging outwards.

2. The endA is insertedjust far enoughto pass through the overlappd sheetsand the fastener /s then pressed'Vrtically downwards 6y tapping it withShsmmer . This causes the hook end"" to engage also through the overlappedSheets. The hook is driven down asfar as it wi/lgo. It is impossible towithdrew without too/s.

N.B. Wooden fremework is notessentia. VERT

FIG.4.

CPANDED METAL GABION.

582 3I9-38WOO322MlySn.Lh

582. 31897 1328.10,000.3.22 Malby& Sons. Lith,

SHORT REVETTING FRAME.

I3nails Z"Iong

3xl~ 3ICoverStr'pfJI.Hoop Iron

3 IN 3c"Chockz xI "6overStrvo

SECTION

~S/at removed to showinterlocking of runnersof successive trench boards

Ma by &Sons Lith.

Fig.1.

ELEVATION

'Fy.2. TRENCH BOARD.

S'. 4"9

2:3"-----

,Plate 10.

FIELD GEOMETRY.

Fig. . i i or' y - C

r pe a9 for' ri~rnP.

C.A X 4Units. C

A X C B

/ _-_ _ __ _ _ _

9.4.! D

Malby & Sons,Lith.

Pki,,e ..

Fiy.4. ANr6lvl

~"Level folded qp.can be used as a foo ru/e.

582 ~S8~~i. aliur &Sans.Linn

Plate .12.

I MP R OV IS ED LE VE L

Fig. I.

-- Approx. .5ydos. centse to centre when, stretchedT

Water level-

F i9,2.

Par.apet of 7rench.

jEds 5ys 5ydd-6d--5ys5d.

H G IFE D 1~

S ID E EL EV AT I ON.

582.3j897Q'726. IO.o0o.3. 22 Malby &Sons, Lith.

~-20 /

.Ph.te 14 .

*POSITION

_'1 -60-*-

K I' I

~i.j2. 3J897 ~J3z8. JOOOO.3.22 MaIby&Son~ Lith.

FROM CR

6s 2.3/897 .2 /32'8. IOGGO, 3; 22 Malby &Sons.Lith.

]'le~e 15.

(POSITION ON; REVERS' SI/OPE.

L QAL)BSEVAILt EJ US7~VRR\ ,.16: /

te 16.

P'LAe 7.

MINI1MUM DIMENSIONS OFM,. G. EMPLACEMENTS.

124 4 , e

582.3Ie397~I3?.9.IO.OOO.3. 2? M&Iby& Sons .Lith.

................- ---

582.3I897 l /323./OO?0.3.22 M aiby"& Sorts "Lith.

]~ate ]8.

SHELL- HOLE M.G. EMPLACEMENr.

-' , ---"A

Fig..3 - _ _ _ _

Fig. 4

58~.3/B97'~I32~,O 000 '3. ?2 MaI~' & 50n5. Lith582.31897: 1328.ia OC0. 3.22 Malby & Sons.1ith

Plarte 19.

CONCEALMENT OF M.G. EMPLACEMENT.

FIG. _.

- Occupiedsi S' i0/

FIG.3. Topof Roof

Emplacement with Splinter-proof Roof

fMaterial on top of Roof not shown.)

MaIby&Sons Lith.582,3/897. t1iU.iuuuv.< .,

Plate ,W. ______________

M .G .EMPLACEMENT DETAILS,.

I j " XN i i

PLAN C.D.

Gun Ri

x Openin/gi nfoor

r-.-ece5 4on

SECTION G.H.

( I ,' 7 2 * - '

PLAN A.S

532.31897t"/32.10 17O.3. 22

Beve,%d Cleat

NaL0 '

DETAILS OF T-BASE' FOR AN OPENGUN PLATFORM.

k--------------------46" ----------- --

I o o-

MACHINE

Position of Chocks tobe determined inconjunction withM. G. OfP/cer

GUN PLATFORM

SKETCHShowing Gun being Fired from reverse position.,

£82~~~- 319 -/Z.-WUa 4- a -y&Sns t

Plate 21

SECTION

s82. 3189713r9.1qWo.a.. .c Malby &.Sons. Lith

te 22.

MAIN. DETAILS

! 6 - ~ "-- . .

,roe I .

PLaJe 23.

ACTUAL EXAMPLE SHOWING PROTECTIVE AND TACTICAL WIRE.

;nnnnnnX

%XxxXX

582.31897%rS26,~.~o. 22 MabjSnsLi582..3/8 97 ."lSZ03/./qcO. 3.22 Maby&.Sons.Lith.

1'Za"e

cte 25.

zLL .Ii

Plate 26.

BLOCKING OF ROADS.TWO BELTS OF WIRE CROSSING A ROAD DIAGONALLY.

Position ofknife rest.

ROAD OPEN PREPARED FOR BLOCKING.

Wire Fence _ -Knife rest wiredto stoutpicket.

OBSTACLE. ZONE

ROAD CLOSED.,

OBSTACLE.

Wire Fence --

-Loose w/re between knife rests.ZONE.

' After knife rests are- -- -- wired together bntervening

- Wire Fence spaces may be filed with------ /loose wire.

58.38aZ'2aooo. .2 Miby Sn6 Lth

-- -- --- -------

58s.31897../328.l;OOo. 3.22 Malby& Sons.Lith.

te 2 7.

zzz0)0LL0.z0

te 28:

te 29._C

-- -----

------ -

--- ----------

Plate32.

METHOD OF FIXING WIRE TO PICKETS.

FIG.!i.

/Punning - Ru,,rnn

End.nd

Running End.

S/ketch of lop eye show- 214 Operation showe~y Showing wire in t/lg eyerng wi/'e forced up into it nrnning end pass/ig on end e turn taeken b~e/ow

over the oit of the eye. the eye.

FIG.?2.

- Running End.

Sketch showing a wire force iq into Showing bit -fin.ished offae lower eye of pikakt and the brb ht on the running end.takren round the pickrot above the eye.

F1G.3.

S/re e showrirrr commencernent~ of Windkess.

582.3!897°'/328. /.000.3.27 Matby&:Srn .Litli

_____ PlJate 33.

BARRED WIRE CONCERTINAS.

timbe ber

lHalf planof framework for

making

e lrolri'

lIf planof framework for

Concertna

24 turns

Concertina stretched out

~J. Ij-""JJ- - IElevation ef Fr-amework

Concert na made uip fithe standard way.

Sketch showino one man Sketch show/ig two evntzany/nn Concere ina on sho/ilder carrying. Concert ina.

Ml4,y&S~n/.Lsaa.aras7, M-14000. a.XNP

liJt- 34

KN IFE RESTS.

.LARGE KrNIF REST MADE OF WOOD

l to I.r-

KNIFE REST MADE OF IRON PICKETS.

.. ~arpic~ket.

-- angl/a ironpost'.

or 8bu. 6'6 by using two 5'-J' osts.

Maf ,y ?sSons.uth

ICADES.KLc.

imed throrIgA we//s.

- Ene'ny

FIG.3.

removed whenin position.

FIG.2.

(~__ __

__I__Y C

Lee 37

Ilate~ 3

582.3Ia57~I926 U

O.3.22

MaIby.~S

ons.Lith.M a.lby.lb

Sons.Lith.

1897'/3

Plate 40. _

ALTERNATIVE TRACE OF TRENCHES.

FIG.I.DOG LEGS .

\"\ \V, '^,

.^ ,ENEMY

ATTAC K -

1,2 .3

s58. 3/s7 1328.0, oo00.3.22

Malby Sons. Lith._------- --- ------ C --CIIC- --

______ ______ ___- Y ate 4].

NORMAL SEOTION OF FIR TRENCH.

Exterior Slope.

A zPr t Elbow Rest. Berm.

. 8010e .. Rear loape.

VIJC teno. '

FiG.2.

FIG. 3.

ORDER OF WORK.

Extra Excavation .:

for Revetment ands --- -

FINAL SECTION OF TRENCH.

- 3'Round.

SfIZ.3i897°'l3.S t.O0.3flMi? Sa3Zih

FIG.I.

Malby &SonaLith.

J Zoe 42.

TRACE & SECTION OF COMMUNICATION TRENCH.FIG.I.

Corners rounded

"-',"< ^-.'c'. -

' '- . "5 Fee -" ' -

r /<o7t5 /to/ -SYards Yards

The 6ends in the trench must conform to the ground soas to get the bestadvantage in cover, but rough/y the distence between bendsshou/dnotbe more than /5yaro's up to support trenches,andnotrndre than /Oyards between support andfire trenches.

FIG.2.REVETTED SECTION

!- - ------ -6:6 ~ ------- -6 / >

Screw Picrket

C.I. Sheet

' -M ̂ ' Centrae Drain

Note In shifting & wet soils revetting frames as in

Plate 41. Fig. 3. should be used.

FIG.3.UNREVETTED SECTION

to Fib M, MT" sn 2-6r77?

/ /1/~>- l'6k-------- 6------ //6 /

STrench board.

-6.6 '.. Trest/e

-A~S 8S~'J3Z8.#.QOO.3. 22 Aaib &-- Sos. 11hMalby & Sons. Lith.,e8.3r1ias 7 '328.10,003. 2

ddfl'd '

144 -c

Plate 44.

DEFENCE OFBY"D" HEADS

COMMUNICATION TRENCH

"T" HEADS AND RECESSES.Ii'S,<; Uly^u

4-r* . .-

S.tP PORT LINE

$8.19738 /0..22 Mai---y&Sons.L -- th.M aiby &Sons.Lith.S82.31897.18.000.. . 83.72

Mali: &

s Lith.

"Ptar te 46.

SHELL SLITS.TO GIVE QUICK IMPROVISED SHELTER.

U NSTR UTT V.

STRUTTED.

Camouf/c eeA.Pr

PLAN OF STRUTTED TRENCH.

f __ - ~--_Steps or ladder

ac~adrn tonature of soi.ma.leng9th /5 yds.

582.3 r857 9j3Z&I5.q/Oo. 3. 2?i.

Plate 4 7.

S AP P ING.FIG-..

RUSSIAN SAP.

FIG.3.

Iro,? pipe e~r bair

E ELEVATION.

Screw Picket-,JroI.ppe cr Fr

~Screw Picket

b'ryme at3 to 4'i,,te, va/s

Upright

SIDE ELEVATION1562.3/897';328 IO~OOO.z3. ~2

FIG. 2.

£/Sheeting

s8x:a1897 °'1328. M000-3. P2

1txt 8.

TYPE OF SUMP.

SECTION4.

PLAN Sumnp consists of a cjfcui/e/-orPLAN sqgare hole reve tedf'ecessary

I D~7rain_(-6" Sum

Note:-Sumnp shou/dnever be p't in whlere drainage out to lowerground carn be arranged.

BRN rai' fore~d ofcorrugated iron,sheets OY.

Or boxed-'hned with twood'en box(61.

Drains of the T s( f' 4,can be usedwhen a trench is sif ed on s/op/nq groun7dsufficient to ensure the flow ofwater as~eow~

BoxOrain slope /in /2

as2.~as i~ .ecwo~~a2Ma bv& Sons, Lth

Plate 4

IL0C)IL.

FI G.2

co ±3'

-= +3'

r~ 1G:. 3 .

's82.3IO97?/,2g_ !00.. 22

PfZate 60.

Plate 51.

LOOPHOLES.

Exterior slope.

Vertical reetment. neio s

-- -2 3 -- ."3-

PLAN AT LEVEL 4 FEET SHOWINGFIRST LAYER OF SANDBAGS FORMING LOOPHOLE

FIG. I.

- 979iA.IWOO.3 22 alby SonsL-th.897'

}/318./cl00o.3.22 Malby &Sons.Lith.

Plcte 52.

LOOPHOLE PLATE.k-----.24----------$

Loophole.3% X2/e'pro vided *wth cover

LOOPHOLE BOX.Wire gauze over orifice

Padding

$/idigP/ate6 , ,4

MOCK SANDBAG CEMENT LOOPHOLE.FOR OBSERVATION*

Cauze taclred overand sandb~ag tobe cut out overhofe /

I, - -', I

!' " Q

,'Expanded 'ea/roundLoopok4

Sandag cut overhole and left '

N a f'ep to rarse. orobservi.g 4 \.

15P197I2 1000 M.2 lb Sn.U~

M al by &Sons. Lith.58P.31897 °1328.10,000.3.22

Plate 53.

SN IPER'S POST.

VIEW FROM 'FRONT.When front paurapet is covered with tins of all kinds, the tin used

to as guise the loophole Is very difficult to identify even at p'O yds. range.

OBLIQUE LOOPHOLE.

1r°>Fire lying oru,, standing.

TRAVERSE

Plenty of Dimmy Loopholes should be provided.

562.31837" '3 26 16~GqO..~72 MaIby&SOflS.LIth.582.318970'1328.,0,0OO. ?. 22 Malbv &SoaS. Lith.

SPLINTER AND BULLET-PROOFOBSERVATION POST.

Sandbas fdilldwith bra ,, stone.

Gauze netting,

Cea Pit pops ,

X.PM. -

I PZ3%2Sreade.

c;4 84f.

X.RM 1 LiALTERNATIVE HEAD PIECE.

582.3,897.f/323_. 1000.3. 2L ab&osihFIG. 23

£'NEA1l

Malby.Sonslith.

Anqie Irons

SECTION B.B.

PLAIN AT A.A

Tr en cf.Mined entranlce.

Direction of

4*2 postsin corner

SECTION OF HODShewin9 Observotlob Slit

Lzi_"ry

Ma ib1&$oS.LI582 SI897 ?1.2./qeoo 3..

Sons.t.rtfl

/328./0

1NaZctte 57.

ANCHORAGES .

FIG. IBREAST WORK.

Drive untilf/ush with

FIG. 2

FIRE TRENCH.

58?.31837~J328 10,000.3.22 Mali~,&Sone.Uth.

587.3,837 .° ,328.10 000.3.22 MaJ ,d Sons. ith.

Pto.~te 58.

SANDBAG REVETMENT.

ELEVATION SECTION

CorrectEnglish Bond Foundestions shou/d be cut at

right angles co slope a nda/wvay"sbrought to a so/id bottom.

Parapet

Wrong (Joints not Brok en)

Wrong(Seems and ChokedEnd, aP~ags outward).

.Wrong(Vertical)-

Wrong(8ags noct oiightAnQ'/esto S/opt).

*ro',g'(A//Stretchers and no H'eaders).

Correct~gection

58Z.31897!'1329.10,000.3.22 Maiby & Son3.litfi.

Ploxte 59.

Id00-0C

Puats 60.

ADAPTATION OF CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS.EMBAN KMENT.

SECT I ON.

582.3/897. 1328.10.000.3.22 Me.1t'&sons.t'th.

_____ ____ __ Pc te 61.;

CORRUGATED IRON BLOCK H-OUSE.

PERSPECTIVEVIEW. ..

FIG. Z. SECTION.

ing/ee

ophole

fa~' ubewl2.wdeatton

F1G.3. PLAN.

Fire 7

Malby&Sans.lith.

FIG.I1.

a.ian4o.4.22

te 62.N

~82. 3~897~/.32G./qooo.~, 22 Matby&SonsLith.

Pla t4e, 63.

Malby& Sons, Lith.582.3 /S 97 ?78 2 D. /4INJ0.3.2 2

Plate 64.

IMPROVEMENTS TO SHELL-HOLES.

FIG. 7 / '\\

/ / ^ T M )'Wench hoapd overS/ /um- eunp, supported

at each end.

FIG. 2.

SECTION. PLAN.

NO EXCAVATED EARTH TO SHOWABOVE GROUND LEVEL.

FRONT FACE CUT AWAYTO FORM FIRE STEP.

* P/ace~ Trench. '^M Earh.nBoard or sadbs

tosado.SECTION. PLAN.

582.3/6897'I32$O 0 00 2.22Mlb SosLi

F G.-3.

FIG.4.

Malby &Soos.Lith.

___ PLo to 65.

TWO SHELL-HOLES WITH CAMOUFLAGEDCONNECTION.

Rfq_. SHELL-HOLE POSITION

&82 . ;7; M alby & Sns, Lith

PLa±e 66.

IMPROVEMENTS TO SHELL-HOLES.

FIG. :/-777//

SLip of she/l-hole notSto be disturbed

SECTION.Weathen-proof coverfb Lewis gun and crewGun Fires from topnf shelter.

FIG.2.

Showing, she/ter let into side ofshell-hole ' oof of curved sheets of C I.

Maiby &Sons. Lith.

All excavated earth60 be dumped inneihbouning holes.

R-t'te s7.

DEFE.NCE OF CRATERS.

NEAR LIP DEFENDED.

fne Trench

-Sfie/tei'

^onmunicaton

Soecie/ Oeep Ree.'iny /n'ame Oberto 7unne,/

SECTION A .B8.

Malby&Sons Lith.

1 >'e Trench

, Litfl.

Li }-0

';32.3

1897°/5

______PLate fg~.

SPECIAL DEEP REV ETTI NG FRAMES.ELEVATION

2.01--

444 4 ,4 Ho/es f1b-,4 o3

- -- - Length 7- -

DETAILS OF HOOP IRON.

SECTION.

CoverStrq. C

/ Na/8j thr"Cshoe.

DETAILS

Kove- Strip

SCovet-

NStrip 3xINa/l tiO'Shoe on/y

ShoePounded to/ reo'Rw

Fpr shoes.

GAS -PROF CURTAINS.

Cur t.in Rolled.

S8Z Ma%~&3ons Lith

Late- '70

Frame.

La~ths.

ss2Maltry &,ons. Lith.

Plaice 71

GAS-PROOF CURTAINS.

FrameV

DETAILS OF

FrameCurtain -

Lathsnailed

Rear lathI/O"shorterthan Frontto clear Frome.

FIG. I.LATHS KEEPING CURTAIN

STRETCHED.

Hole through whichwires pass must bemade Gas-tight.

a8- - 6

S/ "b"wider than "a"to allow Telephonewires to pass without interferencewith side oFcurtain.

FIG.2.

PERSPECTIVE OF FRAME WHEN TELEPHONE

WIRES PASS ALONG. GALLERY.

582 M abvy Sons .rth

Curtain

. .Y-- -

Laths to keepcurtain strertceG

Mla!by &

Suras Lath

PLaie 73

B.C. POST.

- M Speaking TubesMap

S e /BSpe n Tubese

Bed I Tgable

S- - 3 6' .. ... -n

S9 SECT I ON.<--- ..-- 9.6 ----- ...

PLAN.FIG..

Map TelephoTable le-hon -o H

o Tubes

Table 9 Telephone

-.--- "- , SECTION.

PLAN.FIG.2.

TELEPHONE DUG-OUT.

--K -- - - - -Bunk nk

BunkBun

I0 D -II a Bunk

Telephones -

- N- - --- SECTION.

PLyAN. FIG.3.&

82 "- .- ..- Malby &Sons.Lith

1PLate 74

Bo/ts - ! I 313

13%ong.

A fe'Jnon i%2 itQ ckeis.

V0 /o8,0

Yw I ILL

PLAN AT C.D.

582 MaIby& Sons. ith

IS-POUNDER AMMUNITION SHELTER.(FOR DRY GROUND.)

ioofib7g Fel Corr: Iran.

Dogs 9"C 9 -jx

2 "Speae.GrouInd level ___ [AnI lep ° *Ground Level

%8o/ts. iOIi/ng

SETIN .B

PLate 75

18-POUNDER AMMUNITION SHELTER.(FOR WET GROUND)

FRONT ELEVATION.

S82 Maby &Sons. Litc

TLcte 76

SPLINTER-PROOF -SHELTER FORAMMUNITIONI'.

FRONT ELEVATIOi1 SECTION

X3 x 2 Spla ved-J oarr. Iron

/ ' anci sAikd dto 'f 'Sheet.4"2S/I head to form/

X. PM 4A2 XPA Hea- -

¢ StrudtsA4AA/ 8 .5 #Pit prop-

N ------- /0,-4 °Pirt prop * r2 Si//s

PLAIN DETAIL C StSLh

Shelves for ammunition etc:must not be supported on the framework of the shelter.

FIG. I.

EMPLACEMENTS.These Dimensions are suggested as a genera/ guide .tothe size of Emplacements. The details in any particularcase will vary with the ground and other factors.. TheDimensions given are governed by the angle of switch assumed.

PLANAllows 80'switch.

FIG.Z.

SECTION AB

18 P_R

60 p _R MK. II.

FIG. 3. \," ,I I

S l -- .. ./

-e- I o-

. .- j_ /S/ , /

PLANAllows 80switch

Position ofmuzzle

FIG. 4. o-w --- - - - o

ReECTIN A.B.ECTION A.B.

FIG. 5.

PLAN (Allws 70"switch)

FIG. G.

-5 --5d-f 1 e~ ______,.^

Ruble--*- - ------i Fascines

SECTION A.B.

6"ItW.(26 CWTs).

SECTION AB

60 P °o -MK.I.

FIG.S.

PLANAllows 70"'switch

I n.,Y a

FIG. 10.

SECTION AB

4-5" HOW.

Plate 77.

Malby &Sons. Lith"

7~"~-;"~

PROTECTION

Plate 78

ELEVATION

TO ENTRANCE -

PIT PROP

SANDBAG SCREEN

Gun Pit .

E n----- '." - --- 'Entrance I

PLAN 4<

. \:r- - /- -- 0- ---------

Fi . 3.

SCREEN

SECT IN

Malby &Sons.Lith

PlaL&e 79

TRAIL-SUPPORT SHEWING FIXED

SUPPORT AT "A" AND CUSHION AT "B".

' .' °°^ -- - o . r °'" I - °op

Bolster of brush woodwrapped with expandedmetal or wire nettingand lashed to spade.

Cushion oFSandbags .

ALTERNATIVE DESIGN WITHOUT BOLSTER.

Pit-props oF about 6 dia. driveno 4f. into ground at intervals

a a- ' of I foot. Heads of Front rowSo

0 ' connected by wire lashings.*- -* 0 O n / -- \ /' v ^- ~^.*.

road ma

582 Malby &Sons.Lit.

Pate. 80

PLATFORM FOR 18-POUNDER.

Corn sack filled with girth plcedoer T__ rail to keep it

Trail Eye cldearCorrect positionf I f Baulk.of Sandbags.

SR'ubble. u/k formnmArc.

S'Wrong position 'endbag wired intoSmallJawofWheel Base of Sandbag Spade to form a cushion.

DETAIL OF TRAIL SUPPORT(ALTERNATIVE)

SECTION.

Timber Baulks

Malbv&Sons. Lith

FIG.2.

F/at sandbags wellbeaten and filled toTrace of Trail Arc.

FIG.3.

.Plate 81

PLATFORM. FOR 4.5 HOWITZER.

L CentrP of Wheel a, 1 1

'. I o

'fCentre of Wheel. a

Rubble. PlieS ,,.., Cnreb

S4/'fres± Earth.

Tmber.3"diea Picks!

SECTION.

-582Malby&Sonis Uth

Platce, 82

WOODEN, WHEEL-BED AND WHEEL-GUIDES,FOR 60 PR B.L. GUN M IV/L CARRIAGE.

ClI 1 i - 7 1I3 I

Q' WheO/-6Wdes Be _ oI a

.- - /2' 0----------

Sleeper I0xz4" Earth and Stones(well rammed.)

SECTION THROUGHA.B.

r-f I | ~ /

riJ .j /

SECTION THROUGH

i*--- - /I-----

iron 4-acej _

j- .-- j T7^"- ^ .

ENLARGED PLAN AND SEC1IONOF WHEEL GUIDES.

Malby &4on .Lith

88s - 11084 PP.3115/387.

Piae 83

PLATFORM FOR 6 'HOWITZER.

--------------------------- /19- ---------

- - ----- ~L)-------- -~

<---2 ___-3

CROSS SECTIONA.B.

Malby 3eSans.Lith0921 11084 F'F3!'5/387

DOUBLE DECKED PLATFORMFOR 8" HOWITZER.

I I l •

* ; , i ,-'- ------- - -----

. ..; . . . _I. , ; ...IN--- -,4O-..

., 9"' ,, 4

SECTION

Enemny.

GUIDE ARC

'Maib y&5ons Lith39.1

ORGANIZATION OF ADEFENSIVE SYSTEM(DIAGRAMMIATICONLY).

Completed fire TrenchCofnruncation Trench -

I kI ,

Defended Locality

Front Trench

SSupport Trench

Outpost line ofresi/stance

Front TrernchSupport Line

Reserve Trench

8321.11084 PP3115/35'7 1~a~by&3on~.Li~i892/. //084- PP.3//S 387.

iaby&3ori . Lith.

-Plate 6

-Ikk 4kX

t. e 88 .

xxxx%t

xxxxY-

Plate 89.

DEFENCE OF VILLAG

VILLAGE DEFENCES .rur.n.OTHER DO: JrUL

Maijbv &Sons.Lith.892l.ii084 PF31 5 387

_______

(I).uUzZL

woLw o0u-

8821. M

Sons Lith

DEFENSIBLE POST.

SECTION 'ON A.B.

Bul/t pro wa//s

Malk a Sons Lth8821.11084. F F.31J5/587

Plate 94.

USE OF NATURAL CAMOUFLAGE.

RA4L C. T.

'-C o!{

REAL Pa 44 "

(B 14783)Q

19~Late 95

TRACK DISCIPLINE.

SFig. i

x , x xl.Th xl

., . Frm House

SHOWING TRACKS LIKELY TO BE MADE LEADINGTO A H.Qs. AND METHOD OF PLACING WIRE TOCONFINE TRAFFIC TO APPROVED ROUTES.

Fi . 2.

H.Q. fI

Cable Track

or pied .. -' '-'-: .-here. Ruied

Ferm House

TRACKS AS THEY APPEAR ON AIR PHOTOGRAPHS.

Mal by&Sons.Lith.892. I :o" 1 /.7

onE. Lith.

PORTABLE BEEHIVE O.P. UNARMOURED.Weight about 10/ bs.

Showing . brick Camouflage. Any surroundings can be sin

2/.11B"PP

315/"B7 PORTABLE BEEHIVE O.P. IN USE.

Mai n o Sons.L-*

FIG. 1 CONCEALMENT OF EMBRASURES

Splinter and bullet-proof M. G. emplacement in open field. Covered approach connectsit to heavily strutted cellar. Position of loophole indicated by dotted line.

Fia. 2.

M.G. emplacement guarding main approach. Loophole of painted canvas x.........xEmplacement connected to strengthened cellar.

(B 14783)Q

Plate 99.

CONCEALMENT OF EMBRASURES.

Splinter-proof M.G. emplacement inside a house. Concrete front, rail and sandbag roof.

Loophole x........x is covered with wire gauze painted to look like the bottom 6" of the

shutter. Emplacement is made strong enough to support the debris of the house when

it collapses under shell fire, and is connected to a cellar with strengthened roof.

Plate 100.

WIRE NETTING AND CANVAS SCREEN.

Fig./ 9'bPoststimber

',Ground Level

±1/0 |

Postsof4 tii

ELEVATION

Guys coniposec of at lea:S.W.G. or equiva

-t 4 strands N°Pent

Lo itudinal wiresforso rainnettingif used, independentl3 widths.

ettiny also stenedto post by wi orstes *,

- I,^ --------

--.- / o-'. 0 ----- - /0.. -- --- _.. --- 0.0-

4 timerNetting secured toposts by wire orstaples.

Stronm pickets well d

PLAI .I

IMITATION BRICK WALL

*ffjg.3. ___^^ ^ ^^ ^

SDummy Wall

'teal wall removed

Fg._4.

8 Malby&Sors.Lith.

Plate 101.

SCREENING ROADS.

F!G.1. PERPENDICULAR TO FRONT.

______ RAD

Screens should notbe less than 50 Ydbs.from the road.

FIG.2. PARALLEL TO FRONT.

E--Enemy--j-g

Screens^ ^

FIG. 3 OBLIQUE TO FRONT.

892/I 1109f4rP3115f3g7 625 0OO i2 2 M al liy &So r.s . Lith

PLat" 10..

TAPE TEMPLET.

USE OF HAIRPINS FOR RAPID TRACING.

Taelaid loosely

'7ape pulled back~round 7Taverse.

geNI.IiU84FF9 t/53$7Milby& SonsLith

____ ___________________PlaXty. 1(03 .

FIG./1.Thumb

FIG. 4.'Single Sheetr, Bend

Fic. 6.Hawser vend

Seizing

F, G. .9.

8~ZI. 11084 PP3115/387 Malby&Sons. Lath

KNOTS.FIG. 3.Reef

FIG. Z.-Figure of 8

FI G. 7.

89L/.I1084 PF3115/98; Nalby &Sons, lith.

?tPaIte 104

KNOTS.

*Fig.J

2 H/efHitches

Round Turn & shra'2 //Hal //itches Bend

Running9 Knot

Man Ha'rness Hit!ch

Figq. 7

Lever- Hitch

8921:1084 PP,3I5/387 My&os.iIMalby&Sons.Lith

Fig. I.

Cats Paw onCentre of Rope

KNOTS.

Fig. 2.

DoulIe8/a cAk'wa /l Hit~ch

Single Blackw~ell Hitch

B92F~;D~4~f~7 M~iby&2ons bUt

P e 70.5

*X* I- Tension

Ni al by & Sons. L it h

Plate 106.

LASHINGS.

FIG. 1. FIG.2. FIG.3.

~It_ A An/AAA i. FIG. 5.

USE OF SELVAGEE.

892/.1D84 P P3II5/387 .y&Sn.i.Ma.! by dSons, Lith.

Plate 107

HOLDFASTS & .ANCHORAGES.

Fig. I.3.2.1. HOLDFAST.

Fig.2.-BAULK HOLDFAST.

Fig.3.LOG ANCHORAGE.

Fil/ed in and' rammed

e92,,B4-pyI~Malbv& Sons.Lith,P92.,11084PP31l,

M alby &

Son s. Ltth

Plate 109.

USE OF SPARS.

Fig.4.LEADING BLOCK

FOR TACKLE.

eeer.Tioa453 Isfal j7

SHEERLASHING.

Clove _

hitch.

---- Sheers.

Mal by &Sons. Lith.

plate. 110.

SWINGING DERRICK,

Fig .!.

Fig 2.

Fig .3.

Nl1aby&Sonm.'uth.

ztt 1111

'18 .P~1>9 ?

<eM~ y s isLt

ae, 112.

0 LI-z OLL

I, '1 I

K .(I)

'c /"--

tte 113

te 114.

-- '1f 4.

INFANTRY FOOTBRIDGE.CASK FOOTBRIDGE.

- For 5'/ga//on~ casks

'2 PLAN

lash,',g 111

Il/'ssh~nq

When time presses ormater/els ar~e /ackig, planksone side only wi.,, suffice ror infantry in file.

ELEVATION 2"lashing round casks,qunwales & tie a/s

Ill lshinground chess

M al by & Sons .-Li t$921.11064. PP 31r S /S87

PZax1e LW.

ARTILLERY TRENCH BRIDGEF ly f. I'"Spacing ~ I & ~ oii

r -- -9 Bo/ tY4x3" 4x

SIDE. ELEVATION

Fiy. .

4 X,3SECTIONCRIB PIER

IN SHALLOW WATER.

CRIB CAUSEWAY FOR TANKS.

BUILT OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS.

Fig4. - W.aerJvel - -1.' -

LOGTNAL *ECTIO'N' GitrT-

_e 5 7<

CROSS SECTION lP.eckiny piece Bi otemnsvv

Lasa Blocks between sleepere IS5Iit

892. aliby&Sonbi Lith

Pcuel7.

FRAMED__TRESTLE.

h'andr.ai/---

Ria !-,. = I6

4BeC/f/r.,9,~ ~ ~ ~ -,- - --- _ __-

IFe, 6J edbe 1 iI -'1Trar.som I_ _ L

Difdt bo/t5 5,pikes

AIsant tliis minrnnvrn 6x6 exce pt braces '2Fot' hei~,ihts /2 'to /5 use 4 Ice's 6r 6 evenly 5s aced or 3 lgmilnimumrr T7 7

58Z.3I8~T Iaz~x~qoa.~.g~ M~~b1&Son~,Lth.sea.31899,

Mal by & Sons . Litt,.

P1Ad~e 116.

PLANK TRESTLE.Out off S'k 2" Timber

Transom 3/6c'x

Loop iron

Sectional 1olan of'Ieg

Joint between Transomand Leg.

Transom

Ledger

BlockedSolid-

M J y&.SonsUth.582.31897.: L328. /O, OOO. 3.72

Ptatew1.9

LASHED SPAR TRESTLE.

------- Leg.---. ---------

Square lashing. Square lashing.- 6 rLedger 6"Diameter

----- I.0 /us of distance between transom' /edger

Height suff cient to clear obstruction.

Diameter of spers given are suitable for a /5 foot bay anda15 feet height of trestle.

FOR OTHER SPA/VS & HEIGHTS

TRANSOM: /O"diameter for /0 feet bay increase 4 inch. diameter

for every 2 feet increase in span of bay.

LEGS: Reduce 4 inch for every foot decrease in height with 6,/ch

minimum. With span of /0 feet legs can be k an inch lhghter thanwith /5 feet spans.

S8.l87, 261.0O.32 aly&.os.i

rrrrrr

S82.3187t1328.O,000.3.22 Maiby &.Sons.Lith.

LAUNCHING TRESTLES.

FIG I,

SINGLE BARREL RAFT'

Maiby&Sans.Lith,

Placae120.

Piate 121.

BOAT PIER.

BARREL PiER.Fig.3. Gunnel

Braces

METHOD OF LASHING BARRELS TO GU'NNELS.

58. 97)36 ).OO . 2MabySo Ltse .3' 897 '328. 10.0003 . M1ii by & Sorni. it.h

te 122.

1ILc,-

i~z -I

58.3/887. 328.10,.Q

ai by &Sons. Lith.

FLY IN1Gi BRIDGE.

Stree m7.

POSITION FOR FORD.

A ~ ~ SEETIIONQ

582 ; 897. /328. O,0Q.3.2 Mly&osLt

Fi 91.

PLxte~ 123.

Fig. 2.

Mal by &Sons. Lith."

.P1 a~te .124k. ____

BRIDGI NG EXPED IENTS.7aPp~au/on /8x/'stu~ffed with .straw, &9

aft of four' tarpoau/ins as Fi. .

FIG.2.

q-vrt ~ 4i9FIG 4.

Ra tof ,24 $7rour d bhee~ts as Fi r ,3.

IS~~~~~Z~ a1 by~32 xOO .3 5 L aby3n ith.asR2 31£a 7 .'";'at2 d.'a'AOOO 3.. "3.2:_..__ .. ".

____ ___ ____ ___ __ _ ___ ____ ___P tke l'25.

BIVOUAC SHEET BOAT.Note:-&raiinga6out5' / 9&8ttoii7$aen

form as 8 "but wi~deA// framnes to be /a./ed toqtr,rnotrni/ed .

4fCei pe/?t~rs 2J1'/ioar~s per raf t.

FlAaml

-FRAME' '"

FIG.3.

Shelter

ELEVATION

FIG, 4,

FRAME B"

552.3/897 ~ P38/OQ322 M a, y &Sons, Lith

Pbxte 127.

Pltatel 28.

SPLINTER-PROOF PROTECTION FOR

SECTIONAL ELEVATION.

SECTION A-B.

Earth Wa/f at /ast2f0 thick., L '*

582.3/897.328.,/illO.3a. z- ;> , ',, Sons .Iith

PbLte 12k).

Lii'C-Z

1'liztel3Q."

oo-----

(n ti.~

-------------------7'

Pla e 13 .

KETTLE TRENCH.

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

Corruyatedor biscuit, t ine

(Ped with mud

ELEVATION

PERSPECTIVE VIEW.

"~~'5 ~

77/3Z8.iO.Qo 0 ~ MaI~y &Sons.iIth.582:3!897. /328.!0000.3.?-2

Malb) & Sons.iit.h.

C H A MB

SECTION THROUGH CHIMNEY

E R of V E N.

O2ven -

SIDiVEW

PER5.PECF4Vl ,VIEW-

PZlte 134.

COOKER FOR CAMPS AND BILLETS.

END ELEVATIONEND ELEVATION

PERSPECTIVE VIEW. SECTION E.F.Ma.iby &Sor. Lith.

s, &.318$*las32& IOlQo.3. 22

- ------- I"

Jte 136.

8------

FL to 137.

TYPES OF URINALS.

1-+2'.0

"J. L .dig.

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

II +2/0iS

SIDE VIEW SECTION TI4RO'SOAI( PIT.

NIGHT URINAL.

£8~.IB9?I38. OXWQ.3~2Malty &Sons. Lith.-582.31897:{1328,10.vno"3.12

Z-Ja0.

00JL~LL

2 -J -

PLaJe 144®.

TEMPORARY INCINERATOR.

Hiqh ground.

C ---Fire bars.

Low' yround.,B

PLAN.Incinerator du<g out of side of ba5nk.R9efuse f"ed at top of inainerator from~ hijhyroundan~d drawn from passage cut out of bank side.

.SECTION C-D.

M/i9'h Sround. Corrugated iron.

Fire 7 ii'~A-~Bank.SECTION A-B.

58 2a.31897 . 3 28.10ooOo32jMalby&Suivs. Ut!

Ptce14l

SMALL CORRUGATED STEEL SHELTER.

SECTION

PERSPECTIVE/Vote.-Ho/tes for bok5 should be caiweft//ypuncbeo

to ensu're 6oth b5olts tekia7g a be ,r ng in60 0h sheets Witbout distorto?.

scr ewedfuI//etngth.

D ETA IL ATV D ETA IL AT' "

582.a,897~/32&,o.ooo. ~. 22 M&ihy &So~sLitJi.58P.31897: /328.10,000.3.22 Maily &Scis.lith.

SPLINTER-PROOF SHELTER,

FIG.2. SECTION FRONT ELEVATION.

USING SHEETS OF CURVED C.I.

LARGE ORGATE._ ErPEL cte.3.

LARGE CORRUGATED STEEL SHELTER.

Rows fascines wiredtogether

^ a Fscine

9 Reinforced ConcreteBurster -- .

Concrete in lieu of wooden floor SECT ON.in damp sites.

S.---. --- -17.- 9 -------.

S ,2 Blocking PieceS/Boarding

, 6x4"Bearers.

DETAI L AT B,

Bolts /a i/" Screwed full length.

DETAIL OF LAP A'

Material required for each Shelter 17.9 Long.21 Sheets of large corrugated Shelter..(Each 2 9"wide:. 3nch lap)60 Bolts.,8 Bearers /O'x 6"x 4" 4 Pit Props./60 Sq.Ft. of Boarding for floor.Gas-proof double door frame complete.60 Fascines Approximately.Concrete materral. Gravel 44 tons. Send 22 tons. Cement 70Barrels 6reachShelterConcrete may be econom/sed by grouping two or three shelters together.Acc~mmodation double bunked 12 men in each she/ter.

- .i _~738I.O. 3 2M lb& o.ih

SELVATIO Niv ri

582.31897. 1328.I.0,00.3.?22 Maiby &Sons.Lith.

.Plate 144.._ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _

SPLINTER-PROOF SHELTERS.

SECTION,

SKELETON SKETCH SHOWING CONSTRUCTION.

SKETCH SHOWING POSITION OF ENTRANCE ON SAFE SIDE.

Enemy ie

Cnemy fine.

MATERIAL. REQUIRED. baal "le"'ant Snerens.

3. Curtbed shets~ of small corrugated iron shelter'.2.Duckboeards fa , des.'4. Ouc/rbo.ads f'o, floor'.2.O/d coruayted aheete or boar'ding to fartm back.

Brick ,'uffle for tao coven'.Accommrodration - to 3 men.

A/v i-Level of' bobJoin of %e &re'h will r'e ulv, a level of boitto,n of she/6e,', , e.there will be e tr'adua down gr'ade Thomn bo/Jtom of shelters to 6oL~o'n offine trench for drainage

X82.31897 ?/323.14070.3.22 Ma(by & Sons:Gth.

a ° h Jto u

' c.tom

58R.3I887~

I3zRjt~

aJby &~,na.L5th

a.lith

., 7 1 3.2

Plate. 14.

TIMBER CON4STRUCT1QOI.COMMON FAULTS.

FI;. I.Wrong

PIG.2.

Right;

Righ t

FIG. 3.

Wrong Right

Speaer

FI G. 4-.

Wrong Right

.5preader

Rectangular

NMaiby&Sons, I i.X8'2.9/$97°/3Z3:/QO3Q 3:22

Plated.147.

TIMBER CONSTRUCTIONCOMMON FAULTS .

Fig. .

Wrong Wrong. Right.

Round Round 4 Round

Saw cut. Saw cut Saw cuts.

Fig.Z.

Wrong. Wron g.

S Dugout \I

I/f roof beam is constructed with a log B stretchedacross the centre oFa beam 4 , the stresses in "A'"redue to the load on its centre ie. concentrated anddouble what they would be /i log "Bwere omitted, endthe load d/stributed ovor the whole beam 'A

Wrong.Fi3. 3.

Wrong. Right

52.3783721326 .10,000-3,22.2~2T MAlly or3. i t-(-L--i . -. - . IY- IIYI-- -III~LI--CICI ---

STRENGTH OF BEAMS.CALCULATION OF LOAD.

FIG. I.

Rails must be laid thus not

Steel joists must be laid thus ISTimber joists must be laid thus: . .^

FIG. 2.

8;S7I J~Io J I

Beam "B" supports hal/ "X and ha/F"Y".

Beam "A" supports halF "X"nonly.

Therefore in a continuous rooF with a load evenly dis-

tributed, estimate the load on any beam by bakingthe cubic contents over hba/ the distance between that

beam and those on each side oF it, as at"Z".

As2.3 I97%( 32c./14i.!o.3. z2 Malby&Sons.trt h

Plate ,14 8.-- -- --

rmmrr~~-rrr-ri +crcrr~-~------ - -rmc-,- - II

• ., .., ~-- 7~..._- -.--- ...... .. __ - ,,I~- CLU-YIZYYU-L~-~U-ii _~~\U1 \~~-\~\I:i-

Maiby &

te 149.

582.I87I2 10003

P~C I e5._____________

5T:ANMD A RD S ETS & C:LI PS,

3" T I M E R.

'FIG. 1.

FI;G. .

E LE VA 10N S

F I G.3.

CSTANDARD JOINS

=FI"G4. l5G.5.

DETAILOF MILD STEEL-Z SHOE DETA,ANN MILD ST

FI Cs 6. \I X ,W,'ouyhe irvriri lip'

35x3R.$.J.

Pit p'.om

DETAIL OF' HAIRPIN CL:IP.

.Sx3R.3.d.

IL:OFEEL-S $H OE M If

482.~~~~ 3I8a,2,ioo2 M by &SonsLith.682:.3 837 t 28;I4oOp.8s22

'iate 151.

$TADARD DUGOUT ACCOMM~OOATION FORHEADQUARTERS.

BRIGADE HEAD QRS.

9'xO to 6X 9Kitchen. Me.s

Offi;ce M'&

*16>0-

Kit chen esMsft & 5leeptng

0 Oerhis- - GltG

.FOR BATTH H.Q.(Doubie S.n. H.Q.=One Bde H.Q.)

C.O. Room AMess & 07/C& BCKitt'hen CAdjt. & Clerks EMen (& Orderihes D

0OR HAATTY H

AW re/l' ECfY cers Bunk's B& cMessMen 60 CR_ For2 Guns.

FOR AR-TY GROUP iH.QSame as tbar BATTN

TE: - Where ver possible Br' N. Q!'shou/d :be

arr'anged in pair; on the above /ines~soas to be available as Ve I. Q".3in an advance.

.562.3i$97 .i3Za. KWO.3. 22^e~y& os ahMaibykSons. Lith.

Placite,_152.

LuI-Lu

z0I-000I-

J328JO

Malby &Son~.Lith

/328.1

.15t2. L

582:3197!6!38:10,00.3.j :4~M

l y&Sos t

Pt tie

.3a. w

o 39.--

I *-----*1

;k~:o It

:iby a.

Sods:: L

326- /0

DRESSINMG STATION'.As other ~end'

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT. j~5Enran 12

DE:TA11; O~F BRACKETS.

-3x2 -

* ----~o --aBracAet~> :

Position ofBracket; £ xlassowhenntiq use. * ;

r-8recket -.---

II ______________________

~SonisLith

Plt J.%. -

TYPES OF DUG-OUTS.

FI G. I.

--- Not less ehan 4

First -Set.

G.Cmou flagedL*~; Entrance.

*T JE N C

Extension iBunkingif re g uire/.

(A Iterna tiv yeuLOetileat Foot,of Incline. -Ntesthn'

FIG. 2. L

rYiPE k3.

Exten sic,;nif required,

--3. ---

Extensio7)if required.

M afby & 5dns. Lith

ENTRANCES AND INCLINES.

IG. I.

SVERTICAL TIMBERING.

N~ORMAL TIMBERING.

Side Lagging 7where necessary.

FIG. 3, A LT E R. FAT IVEDETAIL AT ,AA.

582.3L897 /3V3 9coo.. a. Malty .Sons Uith

-Pta te157

l'1~a+~_134 ___________

Distence piec e 4 xJzWhalinag boardWho/in , boa d removed: leter

Spae r - l Wood - -driving I1 fi ock A 4x°h~i9fbr wa rl Iboar

DETA4: A7' A

WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE: SIET

4<r'Whali~nq boasrdremoved later.

I We e

Intermediate set' Nremoved hfLI

ITH N TER M ED

IATE .SET

4x2 " Stretchers ' " F r xWa~e boardremovdlater

66'PitPr~p I+

'~* Fot: So/es' in rnodel'ete y.good grotind.

WITH IIT' P~ROPS&R..JS

5B5.3I887a'/328 jh AO. 3.22

o >- 0

0LLa1)1

FORWARD ROADS.METHOD OF WIDENING PAVE 'ROAna

Old /Fee{ ~ Macadamn

'a:= ' .and

F~i 2. SHELL !-HOLES.

+ tiCut the shell ho/a 5qoare rarlminq"the bot~tomn of'the. bole.

- -~ - Then 'il/ the shiell-hole with sandbagslaid properly, on the top of the saad6ag'sW 0"" .. the roadway is n7ow made in the useds/way

* If the shell-hole has water in it it must-be pumped day beibre it/is '7/ed

Fig~3ROAD REPAIR.5etior, fred to r repaired' Fbundations 'completely disappear ed

. ' Mud and Sludge.

' J. - -Cuts at irmterval Cuts at interval - - .1Dotred /;ne shows bow road is c/eared, drained and camb ercut fbr new foundation.

Figi. CORDUROY. OR SLAB ROAD.

Picket Runer at 3rx ce,,9 x<8 Sleepers 3 too aoart Rnesa cnrsif necessary 11n we Centre runners dogged together.

ground

Mai by &Sons. Lith.58P.3r897 1328. rC, ouO. 3.22

TAN -K C.AUS-.WAY.

"0 ,'acA

SECT I ON .

___________________________ P1~ate 1tXL

:9 L, B 'T R A C X .

F'Fig.I..

/laoAk o, clut~ch ho/e

- i 'S~~c

"68~3I8~7~5328.iO.OQO. 3,22 M~iby&SonS.Lith.

M ai by & Sons ;:Cith.x582:31897 /328.ROOOh:'3, 22

PZt tel64. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

S-LB. TRACK.FIG,..

5M STRAIGHT SECTION.

Lern q or ra-7ls 5m 1'6'-41)II I

_ _ _ 11t- __ _ -

F! G.2.2.5M STRAIGHT SECTION

FIG.3.2:5M CURVED SECTION(.2 ),

FIG.4.Rails ri vetted to sleepers

2?Malby &ors lath.

&'o'4. bolt's.

s82.3iavy J32a.ignoa.3:22

FLate 16.5.

2 0-lb. TRACK.FI G'1 5mSTRAIGHT SECTION (TYPE.A)

FIG.2. 2.5&STRAIGHT $ECIIOM (TYPE A). FIG.3. 2-5m. CURVED SECTION (TYPE A)

Len £6 of A'ail 25'n.(& 2J ) ,Len1g£h of Rail2-526m4[8-'32).

582 M a! by &Sons. Lith.

Ptate 166.

20-LB. TRACK.LONGITUDINAL SECT N THROUGH SLEEPER.

.-7------ -!. - *A - ^ - - ^, -f ™ E E H-- ------ c-'JY-Fletten Heads

entra ---

Malby 1

Sons.th

Malby &Sons.Lith.

aiby &Soin;.Uth-

0zNzI.-U

PliJ" 168.

MULE WALK. 2.0-LB. TRACK.

Fl G.2. ETAIL OF HOLDING DOWN CLIP.

16 T J.t

fjI ,-- Y-

C~en be ma de /'rom Hoop/Iron takn.from Corrugated Iron Binding.

M alby & Sons, Lith.

* y3 Space

E-- / . 3' -- N,

P~z0 3160.

RAFT, TRACK 20-LB.

-------- 25m 8'2 Length ofrails --------

JIaFZF h17]FVJ~F7Kf] -

ELEVATION.

SECTION "SHEWIt* ATTACHMENT SSE TIO4TO SLEEPERS TIME

4~ IP f 4&necessary 6xIssIa6

SHEWINGADDITIONALBER SLEEPERS

I 6 % bat#%,y.

Matby&Sol~ith.

Plate '170.

CROSS SECTIONS OF EARTHWORKS.

FIG.I1.

Ditch F - -9'-- 2

FIG. 2.

Ground/eve

SpoilFIG. 3.

~;/ka A~ISurface of Gon

Cut~~rneri-~IsBox drain rt Interva/6.

Mal by Sonl.Lth.s82

te 171.

*1 I il I

zPette 172

DEMO LITIONS. USE OF CORDEAU DETONANT.

ConeauTime Fuize.

2G. C.Pr'?rers. N?'8 Detoneton.

FIG.2.

G. Slabs & Prmes

.. Co,-deau Dt

Spanish Knot.,

5B2 Maiby &zons Uith

I' laze

y 9 Sons,,Lith

J2PIate 175.

ELECTRIC FIRING.J'OINT'ING WIRES.

FIG,!. FIG.2.

FIG 3.

Connsections for testing

D D DD

FIG.5.

FIG. 4.

Connections for firing

Fl G.6.

O.D.=Detonators in charge.1 Test Cell.

G' Q &l/.etector.E Exploder.

Mal by &Sons, Lith.582

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IV. Land Service. 1921. 5s. (3s. 8d.)6-pr. Q.F. Guns on Casement Mounting. 1920. 2s. 6d. (is. 10d.)M.L. 6 inch Trench Mortars, Marks I, II and III. Land Service. 1920.

is. (10d.)Stokes 3-inch Trench Mortar. M.L. Land Service. 1919, is. 6d. (Is. 2d.)

MILITA RY BOOKS, published by Authority-continued.

GUNS. DRILL for :-2"75-inch. B.L. Gun, Converted Mark I, and Mark I Carriage, Mark I.

is. (10d.)3"75-inch Q.F. Howitzer, Mark I, Carriage, Mark-I. Is. (10d.)4"5-inch Q.F. Howitzer, Marks 1 and II, Carriage, Mark I. 6d. (6d.)6-inch B.L. Gun, Mark XIX, Carriages, Marks VIII and VIIIA. is. (10d.)6-inch B.L. 26-cwt. Howitzer; Mark I, Carriage, Mark 1. 4d. (5d.)9"2-inch B.L. Howitzer, Mark II, Carriage, Siege, Mark II. 9d. (8d.)13-pr. Q.F. Gun, Marks I and II, Carriage, Mark I. 6d. (6d.)18-pr. Q.F. Gun, Marks I to II, Carriages, Marks I** to II (with Supple-

ment for Mark I Carriage). 6d. (6d.)18-pr. Q.F., Mark IV. Carriages, Marks III and I[I". 4d. (4d.)60-pr. B.L., Marks I-I**, Carriages, Marks I and III. 6d. (6d.)M.L. Stokes 3-inch Trench Mortar Equipments. Land Service. 1919.

(1920.) is. 6d. (ls. 2d.)See also MACHINE GuNs; MUSKETRY REG-ULATIONS, Part I.; and RIFLE,

Ross MAGAZINE.

HEALTH OF THE ARIY. REPORT FOR THE YEAR, 1914,ON THE. 10s. (7s. 4d.)

HISTORICAL RECORI)S OF THE BRITISH AR]EYHorse Guards. 5s. (4s. 2d.)Dragoons Guards, 3rd and 7th. Each 4s. (3s.)Dragoons, 1st, 3rd, 14th, and 16th Each 4s. (3s. 4d.)

Ditto, 13th. 3s. (2s. 3d.)Marine Corps. 3s. (2s. 2d.)Foot, 8th, 10th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 16th 17th, 18th, 19th, 21st, 22nd, 36th,

39th, 46th, 53rd, 67th, 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, 86th, 87th, and 92nd.Each 4s. (3s. 4d.)

Do. 56th, 61st, 70th, and 88th. Each 3s. (2s. 6.)HISTORIES, SHORT, OF THE TERRITORIAL REGIMENTS OF

THE BRITISH, ARMY. 67 numbers, each ld. (ld.) In one volume5s. (4s. 9d.)

Ditto. The Scots Guards. ld. (ld.)Ditto. The 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons, (Out of print.) ld. (Id.)Ditto. Revised Editions. ld. (ld.) each :-

Alexandra, Princess of Wales's The Northamptonshire Regiment.Own (Yorkshire Regiment). The Oxfordshire and Buckingham-

The Bedfordshire Regiment. shire Light Infantry.The Black Watch (Royal High- The Prince of Wales's Leinster

landers). Regiment (Royal Canadians).The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). The Prince of Wales's Own (WestThe Cheshire Regiment. Yorkshire Regiment).The Duke of Cornwall's Light The Prince of Wales's Volunteers

Infantry. (South Lancashire Regiment).The Duke of Wellington's West The Princess Charlotte of Wales's

Riding Regiment. (The Royal Berkshire Regiment).The Durham Light Infantry. The Princess Louise's Argyll andThe East Lancashire Regiment. Sutherland Highlanders.The East Surrey Regiment.The Hampshire Regiment. The Queen's (Royal West SurreyThe Highland Light Infantry. Regiment).The King's Own (Royal Lancaster 'I'he Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.

Regiment). The Royal Sussex Regiment.The King's Own Scottish Borderers. The Royal Welch Fusiliers.The Lancashire Fusiliers. The South Staffordshire Regiment.The Leicestershire Regiment. The Suffolk Regiment.The Loyal North Lancashire The Welch Regiment.

Regiment. The Worcestershire Regiment.

HORSE. FIELD, PACK, MEDIUM, AND HEAVY ARTILLERY.Instructions for Practice. (Includirg Movable Armament.) Feb.1921. 3d. (3d.)

HORSES. ARMY. Notes on the Feeding, Management, and Issue of.1916. Id. (2d.) See also ANIMAL MANAGEMENT.

HOSPITALS. MILITARY FAMILIES'. Nursing Staff Regulations.Dec., 1909. Id. (ld)

See also NURSING SERVICE and TERRITORIAL FORCE.HOSTILITIES WITHOUT DECLARATION OF WAR FROM

1700 To 1870. 2s. (1s. 7d.)HYGIENE. ELEMENTARY MILITARY. Manual of. 1912. 6d. (6d.)

Ditto. Manual of Military. 1921. is. (Is. Id.)See also PHYSIOLOGY and SCHOOLS.

INDIAN EMPIRE. THE. A Short Review and some Hints for the use ofSoldiers proceeding to India. 6d. (7d.)

INFANTRY TRAINING. (4-Company Organization.) 1914. 6d. (7d)

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INJURIES AND DISEASES OF WAR. Manual based on experienceof the present Campaign in France. Jan. 1918. 9d. (9d.)

INSTITUTES. Garrison and Regimental. Rules for the Managementof. 1916.1d. (2d.)

ITALIAN CAVALRY TRAINING REGULATIONS. 1911. Train-ing for Marches, Tactics of Minor Units, and Training of Patrols. Trans-lated. 4d. (4d.)

JAMAICA. Standing Orders. 1912. Is. (Ild.)JERSEY. ROYAL MILITIA OF THE ISLAND OF. Regulations.

1914. With the Jersey Militia Law, 1905. 1s. 3d. (Is. 2d.)KING'S REGULATIONS AND ORDERS FOR THE ARMY.

1912. (Reprinted, with Amendments published in Army Orders -up toAug. 1, 1914). (Reprinted 1918.) is. 6d. (1s. 2d.); Amendments publishedin Army Orders between Sept. 1, 1914 and Aug. 1, 1916. ld. (Id.); Am'end-ments published in Army Orders between Sept. 1, 1916 and March 1, 1918.ld. (ld.); Amendments published in Army Orders between March 1, 1918and April 30, 1920. 3d. (3d.); Amendments published in Army Orders,1920. ld. (id.); Amendments, Jan: 1921. Id. (ld.)

KIT PLATES:-Artillery. Royal-

6. Garrison. Kit laid out for Inspection. 1909. 2d. (2d.)10. Ditto. Kit in Barrack Room. 1909. 2d. (2d)

Cavalry. 1891. ld. (ld)Engineers. Royal-

1. Dismounted. Detail of Shelf and Bedding, with Marching Order readyto put on. Detail of Shelf and Bedding, with Drill Order ready toput on. 1914. Id. (ld.)

2. Dismounted. Full Kit laid out for Inspection in Barrack Room.1914 . d. (ld.)

4. Mounted N.C.O. or Driver and Field Troop Sapper. Full Kit laid outfor Inspection in Barrack Room. 1910. id. (Id.)

5. Mounted. Detail of Shelf and Bedding. 1910. la (ld.)6. Driver, with pair of Horses. Field Kit laid out for Inspection on

Parade, including Articles carried in Valise on Baggage Wagon.1899. Id. (1D)

Infantry. Highland. 1884. ld. (ld.)Medical Corps. Royal Army. Kit in Barrack Room. 1912. 2d. (2d.)Ordnance Corps. Army. For guidance at Marching Order and Kit

Inspections. 2d. (2d4)

MlLI1 ARYf BOOKS, published by Authority-continued.

LARGE FORMATIONS. The Operations of. (Conduite des GrandeUnites). Translated from the Field Service Regulations of the FrenchArmy, dated Oct. 28, 1913. 6d. (6d.)

LAW. Military. Manual of. 1914. (Reprinted 1917.) 3s. 6d. (3s. 8d.)Ditto, Amendments, May 1919. Id. (2d.)

MACHINE-GUN COMPANY TRAINING:-Infantry. 1917. Provisional. To be read in conjunction with Infantry

Training and Musketry Regulations. 6d. (7d.)MACHINE GUNS AND SMALL ARMS, *303-inch. Nomenclature of

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MACHINE GUN TRAINING, 1921. Provisional. is. 6d. (Is. 3d.)MAGAZINES AND CARE OF WAR MATERIEL. Regulations for.

1913. (Reprinted, with Amendments published in Army Orders up toMarch 31, 1917). Is. 6d. (Is. 3d.)

MALARIA. OBSERVAII'NS ON, by Medical Officers of the Army andOthers. (With Plates and Diagrams.) 1920. 6s. (5s. ld.)

MAPPING FROM AIR PHOTOGRAPHS. 4s. (3s. 3d.)MAP READING AND FIELD SKETCHING. Manual. 1921. 3s.

(2s. 5d.) See also PROTRACTOR.MEDICAL CORPS. Royal Army. (See also TERRITORIAL FORe):-

Admission to. Regulations for. Jan. 1921. 2d. (2d)Standing Orders. 1914. Is. (Is.)

Ditto. Supplement 1920. 2d. (3d.)Training. 1911. 9d. (11d.)

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Army. Index to Appendices of Reportsfrom 1859 to 1896. 3d (5d.)

MEDICAL DISEASES in the Tropical and Sub-Tropical War Areas. SeeDISEASES.

MEDICAL SERVICE. Army:-Regulations. 1906. (Reprinted, with Amendments up to Sept 30, 1914).

4d. (5d.)Ditto. Amendment, Dec. 1916. Revised Appendix No. 51, Scale of

Medical and Surgical Equipment for Units in the Field.ld. (1d)

Ditto. Amendments, July, 1921. 4d. (4d.)MEDICAL SERVICE. Strategical and Tactical Employment of the, as

carried out in an Army Corps; with a series of Problems. Translatedfrom the Austrian. 4s. 6d.. (3s. 8d.)

MEDICAL SERVICES.. Advisory Board for Army. The Treatment ofVenereal Disease and Scabies. First Report. 1904. Is. 6d. (is. 3d.);Second Report. 1905. 2s. (is. 6d.); Third Report. 1905. Is. (10d);Final Report. 1906 (out ofprint).

MEDICAL SERVICES OF FOREIGN ARMIES. Handbook of.Part I. FRANCE. 6d. (6d.); Part II. GERMANY. 6d. (7d); Part III.AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 6d. (7d); Part IV. RussIA. 6d. (6d.); Part V.ITAiL. . (6 , art I. THE ERLA.DS AND BELGIUM. 1911.

EKO ET I a . 19 .

Report forite Ariy Cn 'rl on. y'r J P. H wett, G.O.S.L, K.C.B.CWith Map). 1919. is. 6d. (Is. 5d.)

o on s of,r d .y irto aP .Ievett, G.O.S.I., K.O.B., _ C = ' i. iL- )l U L _.'-" 'i

MLIITARY AND OTIER'TEMS'. Seec o 1'"*

VT LtAVEN R'it KA SA S

MILITARY BOOKS. published by Authority--continued.

MILITARY LANDS ACTS, 1892 to 1903. Byelaws. See ARTILLERY ANDRIFLE RANGES ACT, &C.

MINE RESCUE WORK ON THE WESTERN FRONT. 5s. (4s.)MOUNTED TROOPS (DIVISIONAL) TRAINING. June 1915.

Provisional. ld. (2d.)MUSKETRY REGULATIONS:-

Part 1. 1909. (Reprinted, with Amendments, 1914). ls.4d. (Is. 5d.)Ditto. Amendments, Nov. 1915. ld. (2d.)Ditto. Amendments, July 1916. Enfield 1914 Pattern Rifle. Id. (ld.)Ditto. Addendum, July 1916. Handbook of the Eufield 1014 Pattern

*303-inch Magazine Rifle. ld. (ld.)Ditto. Addendum No. 2, Dec. 1916. Hotchkiss Gun and Lewis Gun

Courses. Id. (Id.)Ditto. Addendum No. 3, Lbec. 1918. Instructional Course for the Webley

or other Pistol. With Appendix-Notes on Pistol Shooting,2d. (2d.) Amendments, 1921. ld. (ld.)

Ditto. Addendum No. 4, April 1917. Annual General Musketry Courseand Musketry Course for Transport Workers' Battalions.ld. (ld.)

Ditto. Addendum No. 5. Bayonet Training. (In the press)Ditto. Addendum No. 6. Feb. 1920. Light Guns (Lewis and Hotchkiss

Guns) and Table L (Provisional), 1920. 2d. (2d).Ditto. Addendum No. 7, March 1921. 2d. (2d.)Ditto. Appendix A. ld, (ld.)Ditto. Appendix 1V, Jan. 1921. Id. (ld.)Ditto. Appendix B to Addendum No. 6. ld. (td.)Ditto. Addendum No, 3, Feb. 1921. Instructional Course for Webley Pistol.

2d. (2d.)Ditto. Addendum No. 7, April 1920. Musketry Courses (Provisional), 1920.

Tables A, B, and C. Amendments to Part I, Chap. VI. 2d. (2d.)Ditto and Vickers' Machine Gun Handbook. Amendments, June 1916.

Range Tables for Vickers' Guns for Mark VII. Ammunition.id. (ld.)

Part II. Rifle Ranges and Musketry Appliances. 1910. (Reprinted,with Amendments to Oct. 31, 1914). 4d. (4d.)

Ditto. Amendments, Feb. 1921. ld. (Id.)See also MACHINE GUN COMPANY TRAINING.

NIGHT OPERATIONS. Elementary Training in. 1911. ld. (2d.)

NUMBER OF TROOPS TO THE YARD in the Principal Battles since1850. Memo. on. With opinions of Modern Authorities on limits ofextension at the present day. 1884. 9d. (7d)

NURING SERVICE. Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military. Regulationsfor Admission to the. Feb. 1921. 2d. (2d.)

See also HosPITALS and TERRITORIAL FORCE.

OFFICERS DIED IN THE GREAT WAR, 1914-19:-P trt I. Old and New Armies. Part II. Territorial Forces. 7s. 6d. (6s. id.)'

OFFICERS TRAINING CORPS:-Regulations. 1921. Is. (11d.)Ditto. (Inns of Court). id. (ld).Special A.O:, March16, 1908. ld. (Id.)Junior Division. Instructions for the Aunnual Camps. 1921. 6d. (6d)Report on the Examination for Certificate "A" held in March 1920, for

Cadets of the Junior and Senior Division. is. (is.)

OFFICIAL HISTO Y OF THE WAR. Medical Services. GeneralHistory. Vol. 1. 21s (16s. 9d.)

MILITARY BOOKS, published by Authority--continued.

ORANGE FREE STATE Topographical Survey, 1905-1911. Report on the10s. (8.)

ORDNANCE COLLEGE. See also ARTILLERY COLLEGE:--Advanced Classes., Reports on:-

Up to the 33rd. Each ls. (9d.)34th. 6d. (6d.)35th. 1s. (is.)36th. Is. 6d. (1s. 3d.)

Artificers. Military. Handbook for. 10th Edition. 1915. 9d. (9d.)Ordnance Courses. Reports on:-

Up to the 16th. Each ls. (9d.)17th. 9d. (8d.)18th. is. 6d. (is. 4d.)19th. 1s. 6d. (is. 4d.)

Regulations. 1907. 2d. (3d.)

ORDNANCE CORPS. Army. Standing Orders. 1912. (Reprinted, withAmendments, 1917). 6d. (7d.)

ORDNANCE MANUAL (WAR). 1914. 6d. (6d.)

ORDNANCE. SERVICE. Treatise on. Seventh edition. 1908. Withvolume of plates. 7s. 6d. (6s. 8d.) Amendments. June 1909, Dec. 1910,Dec. 1912. Each ld. (2d.); Ditto. Dec. 1909, Dec. 1911. Each 2d. (4d.)

ORDNANCE SERVICES. ARMY. Regulations:-Part I. 1912. (Reprinted, with Amendments up to July 1, 1915). 6d. (7d.)

Ditto. Amendments, Jan. 1918. Appendix XII. Extract from theRegulations for Magazines, &c. ld. (2d.)

Ditto. Amendments, Jan. 1918. Appendix XX. Id. (2d.)Ditto. Sept. 1920. 1d. (2d.)

Part II. Instructions for Laboratories and Laboratory Operations, Exam-ination of Explosives and Ordnance. 1914. (Reprinted with Amend-ments published in Army Orders up to and including Dec. 1, 1916).1s. 6d. (is. 6d.)

Ditto. (Separately.) Amendments, Dec. 1916. (Including AppendicesXI., XIV., and XV., as amended in the Regulations). 2d. (2d.)

Ditto. Amendments, Aug Oct. 1917. Each ld. (2d.)Ditto. Pamphlet No. 7, Land Service Cordite Regulations. 6d. (Gd.)

PATHOLOGICAL SPECI'MENS in the Museum of the Army MedicalDepartment, Netley. Descriptive iatalogue of. Third edition. Vol. I. BySir W. Aitken, M.D. 1892. 5s. (4s. 4d.)

PAY, Appointment, Promotion, and Non-Effective Pay of the Army. RoyalWarrant, 1914. (Reprinted 1918.) s1. (is.); Amendments, &c., publishedin Army Orders between Dec. 1, 1914, and Aug. 1, 1918. 9d. (10d.)

PAY DUTIES of Officers Commanding Squadrons, Batteries, Companies; &c.lnsructions. (Revised for the period of the War.) I. Home and Coloniis.II. In the Field. June 1918. 2d. (3d.)

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