Post on 25-Mar-2016
description
Sustainable Water Management & the Sustainable Water Management & the
Implementation of Water Framework Implementation of Water Framework
Directive (WFD) 2000/60/ EC Directive (WFD) 2000/60/ EC
Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift
YesterdayYesterday•• Water Economics > Water ConservationWater Economics > Water Conservation
TodayToday•• Water Conservation > Water EconomicsWater Conservation > Water Economics
Definition: SustainabilityDefinition: Sustainability
“ Meeting the needs of the present without “ Meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs”to meet their own needs”Hanover Principles Hanover Principles ––Expo 2000Expo 2000
World Commission on EnvironmentWorld Commission on Environment
A challenging statement…A challenging statement…
“Under an average economic growth and an “Under an average economic growth and an
actual efficiency improvement of 1% a year, actual efficiency improvement of 1% a year,
the world wide water the world wide water demand and supply gap demand and supply gap
will be approximately will be approximately 40% 40% by 2030”by 2030”
Charting Our Water Future (2009)Charting Our Water Future (2009)
The 2030 Water Resource GroupThe 2030 Water Resource Group
Worldwide 90 % of human excrements and Worldwide 90 % of human excrements and
urine go to rivers, lakes, to the sea and the urine go to rivers, lakes, to the sea and the
ground water ground water -- instead of being used for instead of being used for
improving soil fertility !improving soil fertility !
90 %90 %
TreatmentTreatment
onlyonly 10 %10 %
Shortcomings Shortcomings
of of
conventional conventional
water water
systemssystems
AdvantagesAdvantages
of of
sustainablesustainable
water water
managementmanagement
The aims of sustainableThe aims of sustainable
water managementwater managementReducing water pollution and sewageReducing water pollution and sewage
Saving of scarce and expensive drinking Saving of scarce and expensive drinking
waterwater
Using greyUsing grey-- and rainwaterand rainwater
Cleaning wastewater by natural processes Cleaning wastewater by natural processes
Recycling nutrients to agriculture for soil Recycling nutrients to agriculture for soil
fertilityfertility
Biomass energy productionBiomass energy production
1st step:Reduce sewage streams by saving water ! !
2nd step:Separate sewage streams !
3rd step:Close the nutrient cycle
with Black water !
4th step:Clean and recycle
grey water locally !
The first step:The first step:
REDUCE SEWAGE REDUCE SEWAGE
STREAMS BY STREAMS BY
SAVING WATER !SAVING WATER !
The second step:The second step:
SEPARATE SEWAGE SEPARATE SEWAGE
STREAMS !STREAMS !
Sewage separationSewage separation
Separate sewage water flows: Separate sewage water flows:
Black water / grey waterBlack water / grey water
CHP = combined heat and power
The third step:The third step:
CLOSE THE CLOSE THE
NUTRIENT CYCLE NUTRIENT CYCLE
WITH BLACK WATER !WITH BLACK WATER !
The forth step:The forth step:
CLEAN AND RECYCLE CLEAN AND RECYCLE
GREY WATER GREY WATER
LOCALLY !LOCALLY !
Local cleaning of grey waterLocal cleaning of grey water
Re-using grey water:
•irrigation
•inhouse use
•process water
•groundwater recharge
•local discharge
Production of biomassProduction of biomass
Production of biomassProduction of biomass
Biomass = energy source, soil fertility, building material
Alternative waste water treatment plantsAlternative waste water treatment plants
constructed wetlandsconstructed wetlands
Vertical soil filter
inlet/
sedimentation tank
soil filter
outletflow direction
Horizontal soil filter
inlet/sedimentation tank outlet
soil filter
flow direction
DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 23 October 2000
The Water Framework Directive (WFD), was adopted
in 2000 .
It lays the foundation for a modern, and long term
sustainable water management in the European Union
Water is not a commercial product like any other but,
rather, a heritage which must be protected, defended
and treated as such.
The Water Framework Directive is the tool to The Water Framework Directive is the tool to enact the the
Management and Protection of Water Resources in Management and Protection of Water Resources in
order to overcome :order to overcome :
the lack of sufficient water suppliesthe lack of sufficient water supplies
the deterioration of the environmentthe deterioration of the environment
A single system of water A single system of water
management: management:
River basin managementRiver basin management Integrated approach to the protection of water Integrated approach to the protection of water
resources resources ::
Definition of Water Directorates Definition of Water Directorates
Unified understanding of all the types of Water BodiesUnified understanding of all the types of Water Bodies
Planning and realization of management plansPlanning and realization of management plans
Decentralization with:Decentralization with:
Decree of Regional Management OfficesDecree of Regional Management Offices
Assurance and reinforcement of public participation at Assurance and reinforcement of public participation at
decision makingdecision making
What is the Water Framework Directive?
• European Directive 2000/60/EC• An ecology based directive designed to protect all waters:
– Rivers,
– Lakes,
– Coastal waters, and
– Groundwaters.
WFD will achieve this protect via:
– A set of environmental objectives
– Introducing the concept of river basin planning and River Basin Management Plans
– Controlling pollution from all sources (industry, agriculture, urban areas, etc)
– Active participation of all stakeholders (regulators, water companies, NGOs, and local communities).
Aims of WFD• Prevent deterioration, enhance status of aquatic ecosystems and associated wetlands (ecological and chemical status - quality and quantity)
• Promote sustainable water use.
• Reduce pollution from priority substances.
• Prevent deterioration / reduce pollution ofgroundwater.
• Contribute to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts.
Recommendations of the Water Framework Directive
The Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC of 23 October 2000) combines
protection of ecological status with long-term water use and sustainable
development.
Demand management and reduced water consumption, through the use of
water charging and other economic incentives as well as the use of less
water consuming technology, re-use of waste waters, changes in crop
choices and development of efficient irrigation systems must be explored.
The Water Framework Directive should be seen as an incentive for finding
solutions, which build on a genuinely better balanced between exploitation
of available resources and protection and improvement of the natural
resources and natural ecology.
Under the new Water Framework Directive, water cannot be abstracted,
transferred or diverted in large quantities without a throughout
examination of the possible environmental impacts.
This is likely to reduce transfer of water and give incentives towards a mix
of other instruments, including demand management, charging, recycling
and re-use of water, development of less water consuming technologies
and agricultural practices, land use policies, etc.
Recommendations of the Water Framework Directive
HIGHIG
HH
GOOGOO
DD
MODERATMODERAT
EE
POOPOO
RR
BABA
DD
ECOLOGICALECOLOGICALSTATUSSTATUS
No orvery
minor
{
Slight{
Moderate{
Major {
Severe{
+QualityStandards
Physico-chemical
Degree of modification
WFD TimetableWFD TimetableYear River Basin Planning Requirements
2004 Characterisation and risk assessment
2006 Monitoring programmes
2009 Finalise & publish first RBMPs
Measures fully operational
2013 Reviews
2014 Publish 2nd
draft RBMPs
2015 Achieve environmental objectives in 1st RBMP
Finalise and publish second River Basin Management Plans2015
Water quantity and quality: A problem with European dimension
Water level
Water Flow
Water temperature
Water pH
Water Dissolved oxygen
Water conductivity
Turbidity
The most appropriate tool for monitoring is Telemetry
What can be measured by automatic stations
With minimum calibration frequency (less than 2 months)
Water Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and TSS
Total organic carbon (TOC), Nitrates, Nitrites
Data transfer and control based on modern methods
based on the internet
How the system Works
A number of automatic stations, send
data to a gateway, via GPRS or via
UHF, every 15 minutesThe gateway sends the data to one or
more central computer, via local
network, or via internet
On the computer suitable software
process the data, and forward the
results
The responsible persons estimate the
dangerous and can issue more
accurate instructions and take
decisions
The software provides web interface
for direct access to the data for
authorized user (like government
authorities, universities, etc)
internet
The data easily can forwarded to the
internet
Authorized users can have access to
the data via internet
Optional a SMS server can be installed
in order to send the alarm msg via
SMS to the citizens, local authorities
etc
Optional
large
displays can
be installed
in specific
places
Basic characteristics
Can be installed anywhere, no special infrastructures needed
Whole the communication based on LAN or internet
Incorporated web server
Multi user access via internet
Each user has unique ID and password and writes according the administrator
schedule
The users do not need special software just a web browser
Expandable up to 1000 stations
POSSIBLE EXPANSIONS
MORE
HYDROLOGICAL
PARAMETERS
METEOROLOGICAL
PARAMETERS
AIR QUALITY
PARAMETERS
Thank you
for your attention!
FONDUL SOCIAL EUROPEAN Programul Operaţional Sectorial Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007-2013 Axa prioritară nr. 3 „Creşterea adaptabilităţii lucrătorilor şi a întreprinderilor” Domeniul major de intervenţie 3.2. „Formare şi sprijin pentru întreprinderi şi angajaţi pentru promovarea adaptabilităţii” Titlul proiectului: : „COPMED – COMPETENTE PENTRU PROTECTIA MEDIULUI” Contract nr. POSDRU/81/3.2./S/52242 Proiect cofinanţat din Fondul Social European prin Programul Operaţional Sectorial Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007-2013 –„Investeşte în oameni!