Post on 04-Jun-2018
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CHILD
MALNUTRITIONIN INDIA
Why does it persist ?
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What is Malnutrition ?
Where do we stand ?
What are the causes of malnutrition ?
Why is it important to control malnutrition ?
What can be done to control malnutrition ?
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Mal adjusted nutrition
Malnutrition
Under nutrition
Over nutrition
What is Malnutrition ?
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Our literacy rate reached 74% in 2011
But
Our ignorance level is way higher !!!
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South Asia
49%
East asia /Pacific
14%
Latin america
10%
ME /N Africa
5%
W/C Africa
10%
S Africa
11%
Others
1%
PERCENT OF UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEA
OF AGE
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41percent children in India under agyears are malnourished .
57 million children in India are malnouof world total of 146 million.
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Myth 1 : Indian children are better nourished than most Africhildren.
In fact, the average rate of malnourishment for under-3s in SuAfrica is 30 percent. Indias corresponding rate is 37 percent.
30 out of 37 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa report lower levemalnutrition than India. And Bihar (54 per cent), Orissa (54 perMadhya Pradesh (55 per cent) report child malnutrition rates the maximum reported in Sub-Saharan Africa by Angola (51 p
Some Myths .
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Myth 2 : Indias low per-capita income is the major underlyin
In fact, the correlation between per-capita income and child nutrit
one. 28 out of 37 Sub-Saharan African countries have lower per-capthan India, andas said abovemost have lower levels of child maOther countries too have both lower per-head wealth and lower chmalnutrition, Mongolia, Vietnam and Haiti being just three.
And within India itself, there is no discernible correlation. Manipur recapita income of Rs 8114 in 1998 and a malnutrition rate of 28 per cGujarat, on the other hand, reported a per capita income of Rs 16,2
of 45 per cent.
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Indicators for Assessing the Nutritiona
StatusDirect Indicators
Low Birth Weight
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR)
Stunting/ Wasting/ Underweight
Anaemia
Immunization
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
Chronic Energy Deficiency and Anaemia amo
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Indirect Indicators
Access to Hygienic Sanitation and Toilet Fac
Access to Safe Drinking Water
Female literacy
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0-29 %
30-39 %
40-49 %
50 -100 %
Children Under 3 years W
are Underweight
Source: NFHS 3, 2005-06
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What leads to malnutrition ?
Poor feeding practices during first year like
Delayed start of breastfeeding
Lack of exclusive breastfeeding for first six
months
Increasing bottle- feeding/artificial feedingDelayed or early start of solid
complementary feeding.
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Adapted from UNICEF
Conceptual F ramework of
Malnutrition
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Human, Economic, and
Institutional Resources
Potential Resources
Ecological ConditionsPolitical and Ideological Structure Roo
Cau
Adapted from UNICEF
Conceptual F ramework of
Malnutrition
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Human, Economic, and
Institutional Resources
Household
Food Security
Potential Resources
Ecological ConditionsPolitical and Ideological Structure Roo
Cau
Und
Cau
Adapted from UNICEF
Conceptual F ramework of
Malnutrition
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Human, Economic, and
Institutional Resources
Household
Food Security
Potential Resources
Ecological Conditions
Environ. Health,
Hygiene & Sanitation
Political and Ideological Structure Roo
Cau
Und
Cau
Adapted from UNICEF
Conceptual F ramework of Malnutri ti
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Human, Economic, and
Institutional Resources
Household
Food Security
Potential Resources
Ecological Conditions
Care of Mother
and Child
Environ. Health,
Hygiene & Sanitation
Political and Ideological Structure Roo
Cau
Und
Cau
Adapted from UNICEF
Conceptual F ramework of Malnutri ti
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Human, Economic, and
Institutional Resources
HealthDiet
Household
Food Security
Potential Resources
Ecological Conditions
Care of Mother
and Child
Environ. Health,
Hygiene & Sanitation
Political and Ideological Structure Roo
Cau
Imm
Cau
Und
Cau
Adapted from UNICEF
Conceptual F ramework of Malnutri ti
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Human, Economic, and
Institutional Resources
Nutritional Status
HealthDiet
Household
Food Security
Potential Resources
Ecological Conditions
Care of Mother
and Child
Environ. Health,
Hygiene & Sanitation
Political and Ideological Structure Roo
Cau
Mani fes
Imm
Cau
Und
Cau
Adapted from UNICEF
Conceptual F ramework of Malnutri ti
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Human, Economic, and
Institutional Resources
Nutritional Status
HealthDiet
Household
Food Security
Potential Resources
Ecological Conditions
Care of Mother
and Child
Environ. Health,
Hygiene & Sanitation
Political and Ideological Structure Roo
Cau
Mani fes
Imm
Cau
Und
Cau
Functional Consequences: Mortality,
Morbidity, Lost Productivity, etc.Consequ
Adapted from UNICEF
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Why do we need to control malnutriti
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Child Survival
DevelopmenGrowth
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National Rural ealth MissionThe National Rural Health Mission of Indiamission was created for the y
and its goal is to "improve the availability of and access to quality health caespecially for those residing in rural areas, the poor, women, and children."The subset of goals under this mission are:
Reduce infant mortality rate(IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR)Provide universal access to public health servicesPrevent and control both communicable and non-communicable diseases,
locally endemicdiseasesProvide access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcareCreate population stabilisation, as well as gender and demographic balancRevitalize local health traditions and mainstreamAYUSHFinally, to promote healthy life styles
The mission has set up strategies and action plan to meet all of its goals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rural_Health_Mission_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_mortality_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AYUSHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AYUSHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_mortality_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rural_Health_Mission_of_India8/13/2019 Malnutrition [Autosaved]
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Improper implementation of welfare schemes
Use of allocated funds for other purposes.
Widespread Corruption in system.
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Awareness Programs
Individual Counselling
Growth Monitoring
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One to one or group
counseling as a servicedelivery
Antenatal and Postnatal
Specialized trained
additional staff at village,block and district level.
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Growth Monitoring: Measure
weight and lengthperiodically and interpret by
plotting in growth curves
Investigate causes of poor
growth: Dietary history;
evaluate for any illness.
Counsel mother/caregiverson growth, feeding and
caring practices
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