Post on 21-Jan-2016
Macromolecules
How to build a polymer
dehydration synthesis joins monomers by “taking” H2O out requires energy
& enzymes
• Structure and function of polymers are derived from the way their monomers are assembled [4.A.1.a]
How to break down a polymer
Hydrolysis use H2O to break apart monomers ex: digestion
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, O carbo - hydr - ate
(CH2O)x
Function:
Monomer:
Examples:
Numbered carbons
C
CC
C
CC
1'
2'3'
4'
5'
6'
O
Building sugars
Dehydration synthesis builds sugars [4.A.1.a.4]
Simple & complex sugarsSUGAR FORM EXAMPLE
Polysaccharides Function:
energy storage starch (plants) glycogen (animals)
building materials = structure cellulose (plants) chitin (arthropods & fungi)
Polysaccharides
Cellulose
The nature of carbohydrate bonds determines their orientation and thus the
structure [4.A.1.b.3]
Lipids
Function:
Structure:
Examples:
Phospholipids
Hydrophobic or hydrophilic? fatty acid tails = hydrophobic PO4 = hydrophilic head