Post on 01-Jan-2016
description
Bohuslav Uher, Kateřina Kintrová, Milan Chytrý, Zdenka Lososová & Zdenka Otýpková
uherius@sci.muni.cz
Macroecological and environmental
patterns of urban algal biodiversity
in Central Europe
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
MASARYK UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Science
Czech Republic
Urban microflora
European urban microfloras are at the periphery of scientific interests in phycology…
Our question
Are species richness, diversity and composition in Central European cities more strongly controlled by habitat, substrata or climatic conditions?
Which species of microalgae are diagnostic for assemblages in Central European cities?
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
● Ljubljana
● Linz
● Maribor
● Budapest● Freiburg
● Utrecht
● Antwerpen
● Bratislava
● Szczecin
● Debrecen
● Brno
●Augsburg
● Halle
● Regensburg
● Köln
● Salzburg● München
● Krakow
● Groningen
● Amsterodam
● Stuttgart
● Berne
● Praha
● Košice
● Ostrava
● Oldenburg
● Kassel
● Würzburg
● Chemnitz
● Innsbruck
● Hamburg
● Geneve
t < 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t < 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t < 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19 t < 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19
t > 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t > 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19 t > 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t > 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19
Studied cities
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
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Mean annual temperature
Chemnitz 7.4°C
Budapest 11.2°C
● Chemnitz
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
● Ljubljana
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● Budapest●
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● Halle
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● Chemnitz
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Mean annual temperature
Chemnitz 7.4°C
Budapest 11.2°C
Mean
ann
ual rain
fall
Halle 539 m
m
Lju
bljan
a 1312 mm
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
● Ljubljana
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● Budapest●
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● Debrecen
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● Halle
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● Amsterodam
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● Chemnitz
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Mean annual temperature
Chemnitz 7.4°C
Budapest 11.2°C
Mean
ann
ual rain
fall
Halle 539 m
m
Lju
bljan
a 1312 mm
Mean July-January temperature difference
Amsterdam 14.2°C
Debrecen 23°C
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
Sampling design
June–August; 2007–2009
four different urban habitats (cetre - tree bark, park - tree bark, centre - sandstone, park - sandstone)
1 m above the ground
presence/absence data
species were characterized according to their taxonomy and autecology (7 taxonomic groups)
Cultivation
Media BBM, Z and bi-phase (water-soil)
Statistical analysis
CANOCO version 4.5, JUICE
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
Habitat Sampling site
Detail of substrate
Petri dishes
Culture
Microscopy
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
RESULTS
• Total species richness: 129 taxa
• Frequence of species: 0-55 Centre (mean 10), 0-56 Bark (mean 17)
• All habitats: min 9 max 53 (mean 28)
• Habitat Centre: min 9 max 41 (mean 20)
• Habitat Park: min 19 max 53 (mean 35)
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
Ratio of each algal class in urban habitats
42%
25%
7%10%6%
8%2%
Chlorophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Trentepohliophyceae
Xanthophyceae Bacillariophyceae Klebsormidiophyceae
Cyanophyceae
Explained variation in species composition
climate urban habitat type (substrate+environment)
RDA analysis
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
11.79.3
14.98.5
11.412.1
Trebouxiophyceae
all species
Klebsormidiophyceae
Ordination by partial PCA, with habitat types used (substrate+environment) as passively projected variables and climate data as covariables
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
CenBark
CenStone
ParkBark
ParkStone
SAMPLES
centre - bark
centre - stone
park - bark
park - stone
SUPPL. VARIABLES
NOMINAL SUPPL.VARIABLES
axis 1
axi
s 2
Ordination by partial PCA, with habitat types used as passively projected variables and climate data as covariables
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
ApatLoba
DictSp.
DiplChod
IntePara
NeocPyre
NeocTexe
PseuMino
PseuSimp
ScotOocy
ScotTerr
TetrExce
ElliSubs
ChloSacc
ChloVulg
LoboLobo
LoboPyre
MyrmGlob
MyrmInci
ParaKess
PrasSp.
SticExig
SticUndu
TrebArbo
PhycSp.
TrenAureTrenIoli
BotrCall
BotrSp.
DiadCont
LutiSp.
KlebFlac
LeptSp.
CenBark
CenStone
ParkBark
ParkStone
axi
s 2
axis 1
SPECIES
HABITAT OPTIMUM
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
RDA analysis, for species and climate
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
CoelMult
DesmEndo
DesmOliv
DilaArthEcdyObli
GloeSp.
ChloMino
MychHomo
NeosPunc
PseuAdha
PseuSimp
ScotSp.EllpBilo
ElliSubs
ChloFusc
ChloVulg
PrasSp.
SticAlla
SticExig
SticUndu
TrebDeco
AsteGlom
PhycSp.
TrenIoliTrenAbie
BotrSp.
HeteSp.
XantDebi
EustMagn
ChamSp.LutiSp.
KlebCren
KlebMont
KlebNite
KlebSter
MesoChla PseuPrin
T_yearT_July
Precipitation
Continentality
axi
s 2
axis 1
SPECIES
ENV. VARIABLES
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
RDA analysis, for species and habitat types
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
ApatLoba
CoccConfCoelAero
CoenSign
ChloVari
IntePara
MuriDeco
MuriTerr
NeosGela
ScotTerr
ElliSubs
ChloElli
ChloSacc
ChloVulg
LoboPyre
MyrmGlob
MyrmInciOocyMinu
OocySp.
SticMinu
SticSp.
SticUndu
TrebArbo
TrenAure
TrenIoli
TrenAbie
BotrSp.
DiadCont
DiadSp.
HantAmph
KlebFlac
KlebMont
LeptSp.
GloeDerm
CenBark
CenStone
ParkBark
ParkStone
axi
s 2
axis 1
SAMPLE OPTIMUM
SPECIES
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
PhycSp.
PrinLage
TrenAure
TrenIoli
TrenMoni
TrenAbie
TrenUmbr
T_year
Precipitation
Continentality
T_July
AMSTERDAM
ANTVERPEN
AUGSBURG
BERN
BRATISLAVA
BRNO
BUDAPEST
DEBRECEN
FREIBURGGENEVE
GRONINGEN
HALLE
HAMBURG
CHEMNITZ
INNSBRUCK
KASSEL
KOLN
KOSICEKRAKOW
LINZ
LJUBLJANA
MARIBOR
MUNCHEN
OLDENBURGOSTRAVA
PRAHA
REGENSBURG
SALZBURG
STUTTGART
SZCZECIN
UTRECHT
WURZBURG
SPECIES
ENV. VARIABLES
SAMPLES
centre - bark
centre - stone
park - bark
park - stone
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
RDA analysis, for Trentepohliophyceae and climate with cities
axi
s 2
axis 1
CITIES
SPECIES
ENV. VARIABLES
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
DIAGNOSTIC SPECIES OF URBAN MICROALGAL ASSEMBLAGES(JUICE - Cluster analysis)
• Synoptic table with 129 taxa• 8 clusters• Interpretable only clusters 6, 7 and 8• Cluster 6 – Park habitat in eastern part of
Central Europe• Cluster 7 – Tree Bark in western part of
Central Europe• Cluster 8 – Sandstone in western part of
Central Europe
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
Continental climate, in Park habitat - Diagnostic species
• Pseudococcomyxa adhaerens • Desmococcus olivaceus • Tetracystis excentrica • Xanthonema pascheri • Tetracystis sarcinalis • Chlorella fusca • Neochloris pyrenoidosa
Pseudococcomyxa
DesmococcusXanthonema
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
Oceanic climate in Park on Bark - Diagnostic species
• Prasiola sp. • Luticola sp. • Pseudendoclonium printzii • Dilabifilum arthropyreniae • Chamaepinnularia sp. • Botrydiopsis callosa • Spongiochloris sp. • Stichococcus exiguus • Klebsormidium nitens • Mesotaenium
chlamydosporum • Phycopeltis sp.
Prasiola
Luticola
Pseudendoclonium
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice
Oceanic climate, in Park on Sandstone - Diagnostic species
• Trentepohlia aurea • Trentepohlia iolithus • Parachlorella kessleri • Botrydiopsis sp.
Trentopohlia
Trentopohlia
Parachlorella
Conclusions• Differences among urban habitats and substrata cause the most important changes in species composition and diversity of urban phycoflora (except class Trentepohliophyceae – climatic conditions)
• The climatic conditions (continentality) are important predictors for significant differences in microalgal assemblages
•Diagnostic species were found only for three interpretable assemblages because of suboceanic gradient across Central Europe
IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice