DNA and RNALS: I will be able to distinguish the difference

between DNA and RNA.

LS: I will be able to explain the historical process of the discovery of DNA.

To store genetic information that will eventually be translated into a protein

Types of Nucleic Acids

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)—Double Stranded

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)—Single Stranded

Main Goal

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

3 Parts of a nucleotide:Nitrogen base5 carbon

sugar(deoxyribose/ribose)

Phosphate Group

The basic building blocks for DNA or RNA

What is a Nucleotide?

There are 4 nitrogen bases making up 4 different nucleotides

Nucleotides

Purines

Pyrimidines

Adenine

Guanine

Thymine

Cytosine

Contributors to the Discovery of DNA

Rosalind Franklin never truly received the credit she deserved. She was the first to use X-Ray diffraction to produce an image of a DNA molecule, which implied a

helix shape and the shape depended on the level of hydration.

Erwin Chargaff created Chargaff's Rule: DNA will have an equal number of guanines and cytosines

because they bond together, as is true for adenine and thymine. This led to his suggestion that nitrogen bases paired “Complimentary” to one another.

Watson and Crick are famous due to winning the Nobel Prize in 1962 for

putting together all of the data collected to show the final structure of DNA—a

double helix

More on Chargaff's Rules

DNA contains the same amount of adenosine as thymine

DNA contains the same amount of cytosine as guanine

What does this imply about the nitrogen bases and how they bond?

DNA is like a _________ ladder…called a Double

Helix.The sides are alternating sugar and phosphate groups

The rungs are the nitrogen bases.

A always forms a double Hydrogen bond with T

G always forms a triple Hydrogen bond with C

The relationship of DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hT1Xn-Gk6Wc

RNA compared to DNA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Elo-zX1k8M

What is RNA?

A helper molecule of DNA

Have the ability to leave the nucleus

RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid, and its sugar is Ribose

RNA is single stranded

RNA uses Uracil (U) instead of the base Thymine (T)

What are the bonding rules for the RNA bases?

When nitrogen bases pair together it is called Complimentary Base Pairing.

DNA Sample Strand:T A C C G C T A C C A

T

What will the complimentary strand of DNA be?

What will the complimentary strand of RNA be?

What differences and similarities have you discovered about DNA and RNA?

Compare and Contrast them in the Venn Diagram below:

DNA RNA

1. Another name for Ribonucleic Acid: ________2. Another name for Deoxyribonucleic Acid: ______3. In DNA Adenine always pairs with _______? 4. In both DNA and RNA Guanine always pairs with _______?5. In RNA adenine pairs with _______?6. In both DNA and RNA, the backbone of the molecules is made up of ________ and _______.

Check your Understanding…