Post on 21-Dec-2015
Lowi & Wilson Policy Typologies
PUB/POS 340
11/06/07
1
Lowi’s Policy Typologyas updated by Ripley and Franklin
• Distributive
• Protective Regulatory
• Competitive Regulatory
• Redistributive
2
Distributive
• Generally individualized decisions
• Low levels of conflict
• Lots of logrolling
• Hard to find actual “losers”
• Example: water projects
3
Distributive Policies•Classic Logrolling Example
•Smooth Hawley Tariff Act 1930
•Ideology or Logrolling?
•Background for Smoot Hawley•Pastor / Callahan et al argued ideology•Irwin and Krozner found logrolling
4
Distributive
Group A supportfor more benefits
5
Distributive
Group A supportfor more benefits
Pressure onrepresentatives formore benefits to
group A
+
6
Distributive
Group A supportfor more benefits
Pressure onrepresentatives formore benefits to
group A
+
+
willingness to supportother groups to get what
you want
7
Distributive
Group A supportfor more benefits
Pressure onrepresentatives formore benefits to
group A
+
+
willingness to supportother groups to get what
you want
LogrollingActivity
+
8
Distributive
Benefits tointerest group A
Group A supportfor more benefits
Pressure onrepresentatives formore benefits to
group A
+
+
+
willingness to supportother groups to get what
you want
LogrollingActivity
+
+
9
Distributive
Benefits tointerest group A
Group A supportfor more benefits
Pressure onrepresentatives formore benefits to
group A
+
+
+
willingness to supportother groups to get what
you want
Benefits to othergroups
LogrollingActivity
+
++
10
Distributive
Benefits tointerest group A
Group A supportfor more benefits
Pressure onrepresentatives formore benefits to
group A
+
+
+
willingness to supportother groups to get what
you want
Benefits to othergroups
Other groupsupport for
more benefits
LogrollingActivity
+
++
+
11
Distributive
Benefits tointerest group A
Group A supportfor more benefits
Pressure onrepresentatives formore benefits to
group A
+
+
+
willingness to supportother groups to get what
you want
Benefits to othergroups
Other groupsupport for
more benefits
Pressure onrepresentatives for
"other" benefits
LogrollingActivity
+
++
+
+
+
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Distributive
• Can you think of other examples?
13
Protective Regulatory
• Conflict between groups or coalitions of groups
• Tends to be rather more open
• Visible winners and losers
• Example: consumer protection law
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Protective Regulatory
activity thatharms people
15
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed bybusiness practices
activity thatharms people
+
16
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed bybusiness practices
mobilization of acoalition forregulation
+
activity thatharms people
+
17
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed bybusiness practices
mobilization of acoalition forregulation
pressure toregulate
+
+
activity thatharms people
+
18
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed bybusiness practices
mobilization of acoalition forregulation
pressure toregulate
Regulationon businesspractices
-
+
+
+
activity thatharms people
+
19
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed bybusiness practices
mobilization of acoalition forregulation
pressure toregulate
Regulationon businesspractices
-
+
+
+
+
activity thatharms people
+harm tobusinessprofits
20
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed bybusiness practices
mobilization of acoalition forregulation
pressure toregulate
Regulationon businesspractices
Businesses harmedby regulation
-
+
+
+
+
activity thatharms people
+harm tobusinessprofits
+
21
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed bybusiness practices
mobilization of acoalition forregulation
pressure toregulate
Regulationon businesspractices
Businesses harmedby regulation
Mobilization ofbusiness interest
coalitions
-
+
+
+
+
+
activity thatharms people
+harm tobusinessprofits
+
22
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed bybusiness practices
mobilization of acoalition forregulation
pressure toregulate
Regulationon businesspractices
Businesses harmedby regulation
Mobilization ofbusiness interest
coalitions
pressure toderegulate the
industry
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
activity thatharms people
+harm tobusinessprofits
+
23
Protective Regulatory
• Can you think of any examples?
24
Competitive Regulatory
• Protection of particular trades or professions
• Usually at state level
• Example: Licensing
25
Competitive Regulatory
CompetitiveAdvantage of
Business or Group A
Market Shareoccupied by Group A
+
26
Competitive Regulatory
CompetitiveAdvantage of
Business or Group A
Market Shareoccupied by Group A
Perceived Monopolyby group A
+
+
27
Competitive Regulatory
CompetitiveAdvantage of
Business or Group A
Market Shareoccupied by Group A
Perceived Monopolyby group A
Pressure toregulate industry
-
+
+
+
28
Competitive Regulatory
CompetitiveAdvantage of
Business or Group A
Market Shareoccupied by Group A
Perceived Monopolyby group A
Pressure toregulate industry
Advantages to "other"businesses or groups+ -
+
+
+
29
Competitive Regulatory
CompetitiveAdvantage of
Business or Group A
Market Shareoccupied by Group A
Perceived Monopolyby group A
Pressure toregulate industry
Advantages to "other"businesses or groups
Market share ofother groups
+
+
-
+
+
+
30
Competitive Regulatory
CompetitiveAdvantage of
Business or Group A
Market Shareoccupied by Group A
Perceived Monopolyby group A
Pressure toregulate industry
Advantages to "other"businesses or groups
Market share ofother groups
Perception of acompetitive market
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
31
Redistributive
• Shifts in wealth, property, income, or rights
• Examples: welfare, civil rights acts
• Difficult to pass because it requires that the less powerful prevail over the powerful.
32
Redistributive
problemsaccumulating forthe less powerful
group
33
Redistributive
problemsaccumulating forthe less powerful
group
problems reaching thenational agenda
+
34
Redistributive
problemsaccumulating forthe less powerful
group
problems reaching thenational agenda
+
pressure to "do something"to help the less powerful
group
+
35
Redistributive
problemsaccumulating forthe less powerful
group
problems reaching thenational agenda
+
pressure to "do something"to help the less powerful
group
+
Status quo power toprevent policy change
36
Redistributive
problemsaccumulating forthe less powerful
group
problems reaching thenational agenda
+
pressure to "do something"to help the less powerful
group
+
Policy change to helpthe less powerful group
+
Status quo power toprevent policy change
-
37
Redistributive
problemsaccumulating forthe less powerful
group
problems reaching thenational agenda
+
pressure to "do something"to help the less powerful
group
+
Policy change to helpthe less powerful group
+
-
Status quo power toprevent policy change
-
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