Post on 14-Jul-2015
BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Course: LLB I
Subject : Environment Law
Unit: 4
Let the waste of the “sick”
not contaminate the lives of
“The Healthy”
CONTENT
• Definition
• Categories of Biomedical Waste
• Problem associated with Biomedical waste
• Need for Biomedical Waste Management
• Step to manage hazardous waste
• Treatment techniques
• Biomedical waste management in India
• Environmental legislation
• Conclusion
• Summary
Biomedical Waste (BMW)
is…
• Solid waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)
• WHO estimates – 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous
– 10% is infectious
– 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous chemicals like methylchloride and formaldehyde.
TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTESWASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Category No. 5Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic
drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste
PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMWORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM
VIRUSESHIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis
A,C, Arboviruses,Enteroviruses
AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis,Infectious Hepatitis,Dengue, Japaneseencephalitis, tick-bornefevers, etc.
Infected needles, bodyFluids, Human excreta, soiledlinen, Blood, body fluids.
BACTERIASalmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium Tetani, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus
Typhoid, Cholera, TetanusWound infections,septicemia, rheumaticfever, endocarditis, skinand soft tissue infections
Human excreta andbody fluid in landfills andhospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades inhospital waste.
PARASITESWucheraria Bancrofti, Plasmodium
Cutaneous leishmaniasis,Kala Azar, Malaria
Human excreta, blood andbody fluids in poorlymanaged sewage system ofhospitals.
NEED FOR BMW
MANAGMENT
Nosocomial infections in patients from poor infection control practices and poor waste management.
Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash.
Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.
TECHNIQUES
SEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes.
Colour Coding Type of Container
Yellow Plastic Bag
Red Disinfected container/Plastic bag
Blue/
White TranslucentPlastic Bag / punch proof containers
Black Plastic Bag
TRANSPORTATION
Transportation of BMW can be divided into internal and external transportation.
INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white bags.
EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected in the black coloured plastic bags.
Bio medical waste
management in India
Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule
1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July
1998.
This rule applies to those who generate, collect,
receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical
waste in any manner.
Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into
containers/bags at the point of generation of waste.
Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for
disposal of waste is came into existence which is
shown as follows. 10
CONCLUSION
• Safe and effective management of waste is not only
a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
• Proper collection and segregation of biomedical
waste.
• Try to reduce the waste generation.
• Individual awareness and participation.
• Use recycle products.
• Label with agent, concentration and hazard warnings.
• Communicate about workplace hazards.
12
References:
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998
The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000
The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989
The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981