Post on 14-Mar-2020
Livelihood Enhancement through
Improved Vegetable Cultivation
in Backward Districts
of India
A P Srivastava
D Rama Rao
Yasmeen Basade
Anuj Kumar Singh Sikarwar
Manisha N Ashar
National Agricultural Innovation Project
Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchKrishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II
New Delhi 110 012www.naip.icar.org.in
Printed : November, 2013
Compiled and Edited by :
A P Srivastava
D Rama Rao
Yasmeen Basade
Anuj Kumar Singh Sikarwar
Manisha N Ashar
Published by :
National Director
National Agricultural Innovation Project
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan – II, Pusa, New Delhi – 110012
Phone: 011 – 25848772, Fax: 011 – 25843403
Website: www.naip.icar.org.in
Lasertypeset & Printed by M/s Royal Offset Printers, A-89/1, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi 110 028
Horticulture is not only an integral part of food and nutritional security,
but also an essential ingredient of economic security. Vegetable
cultivation is considered one of the major source of food security and income
generation among the rural community. The role of horticulture is changing
rapidly from traditional to high income generating activity. The process of
transition from low-input largely subsistence horticulture to a more intensive
market-oriented version presents many challenges.
According to Honourable Minister of Agriculture, Government of India
"Horticulture in India contributes about 30 percent to Agricultural GDP and its growth is
double digit. The share of horticulture food has increased to more than 50 percent in the food
basket of consumers. Therefore, this sector needs more attention by policy makers, research
institution and the corporate sectors".
India's share in world fruit and vegetable production is 10 percent and 13.28 percent,
respectively. India is the second largest producer of horticultural crops in the world after China,
but the productivity is very low. Since, fruits and vegetables are perishable in nature the losses are
very high. However, despite all adversities such as falling farmland and scarcity of water, the
country is still able to produce a major share of food crops to feed its population.
The Central Government's emphasis for hoticulture development is focussed through the
development programmes like National Horticulture Mission, National Bamboo Mission,
Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States (HMNEH), etc. Development of
tribal and hilly areas are given special attention by the Government. In this context National
Agricultural Innovation Project, implemented by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New
Delhi with a focus on livelihood improvement of poor farmers in disadvantaged districts is
timely and need based. The project for livelihood improvement is spread through 33 sub-projects
covering 91 districts. This compilation, 'Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable
Cultivation in Backward Districts of India' is commendable and would not only help the farmers
of the region to improve their nutrition and income but would also help the planners and State
Departments in developing strategies for planning and implementing horticultural based
programmes. The authors Drs D. Rama Rao, A.P. Srivastava, Yasmeen Basade, Anuj Kumar and
Manisha N Ashar deserve special appreciation for the same.
(S Ayyappan)
Foreword
iii
v
Preface
A large proportion of people in India live in less favoured, marginal or more
complex environment. Planning Commission, Government of India has identified 150
districts as backward under “Identification of Districts for Wage and Self employment
Programmes”. These districts are characterized by inclement weather, poor infrastructure
and socio-economic backwardness. Many promising technologies and research findings
have not reached these farmers, due to either inadequacies in research designs or
research results, deficiencies of delivery systems or lack of economic incentives.
Under National Agricultural Innovation Project, 33 sub-projects have been approved
for Research on Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security covering 91 backward districts
out of 150 backwards districts distributed over 13 agro climatic zones of the country.
The study is being conducted through more than one lakh partners. Several technological
interventions in Integrated Farming System mode suitable for such areas have been
developed and successfully demonstrated through these sub-projects. Improved vegetable
cultivation for livelihood improvement has been demonstrated with success in all the
districts. Selected success stories on livelihood improvement through vegetable cultivation
in these disadvantaged districts have been compiled in this publication. This publication
would be useful to the farmers, extension workers, state departments and planners.
Constant encouragement, support and guidance of Dr. S. Ayyappan, Secretary,
DARE and DG, ICAR has been helpful in achieving the success under the
project. Dr. N.K. Krishna Kumar, DDG (Horticulture), ICAR and Dr. S.K. Malhotra,
ADG (Horticulture) deserve due acknowledgement for providing time to time support
and guidance in horticulture related interventions.
Our sincere thanks are due to all the Consortium Leaders, Chairmen CAC,
Consortium Principal Investigators, CCPIs for whole heartedly working in these
backward regions and providing input for this publication. Ms Sunaina from PIU-
NAIP deserve special thanks in extending support in preparation of the publication.
Authors
vii
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Foreword iii
Preface v
Introduction 1
Zone I Western Himalayan Region 4-16
1.1 Target districts : Tehri and Champawat (Uttarakhand);
Doda and Kupwara (Jammu and Kashmir); Chamba
(Himachal Pradesh)
Sub-project : Enhancement of Livelihood Security through
Sustainable Farming Systems and Related Farm Enterprises
in North-West Himalaya (VPKAS, Almora)
1.1.1 Horticulture for livelihood enhancement in Tehri
district of Uttarakhand
1.1.2 French Bean: A successful vegetable crop in the
Champawat cluster
1.1.3 Introduction of polyhouses in the adopted villages
for off season vegetable cultivation.
1.1.4 Cultivation of off-season cauliflower by NAIP
farmers in Champawat (Uttarakhand).
1.1.5 Vegetable cultivation in small areas with improved
varieties-A success story from Kupwara
1.1.6 Revival and adoption of chilli cultivation in Chamba
1.1.7 Adoption of high value cash crops–a step towards
diversification in agriculture in Chamba district
1.1.8 Tomato and capsicum as new optional crops for
pea– potato growing mid-hills irrigated valley
1.1.9 Summer season tomato, squash and capsicum
(California wonder) seed production under
protected cultivation
1.1.10 Quality potato and seed production
1.1.11 Saffron: Golden spice - A success story of
Kishtwar cluster
1.1.12 Poor Man’s Gold — Marigold - A success story of
village Nalthi (Bhaderwah)
Contents
viiiviii
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone II Eastern Himalayan Region 17-23
2.1 Target districts : South Garo Hills (Meghalaya), Siaha
(Mizoram), Mon (Nagaland), Dhalai (Tripura), Upper
Subansiri (Arunachal Pradesh), North Sikkim (Sikkim),
Tamenglong (Manipur)
Sub-project : Livelihood Improvement and Empowerment
of Rural Poor through Sustainable Farming Systems in North
East India (ICAR-RC for NEH Region, Barapani)
2.1.1 Agro processing units
2.1.2 Cardamom curing
2.1.3 Year round cultivation of high value vegetables
2.2 Target districts : Dhemaji (Assam)
Sub-project : Live Better with the Flood-An Approach for
Sustainable Livelihood Security in District Dhemaji, Assam
(AFPRO, Guwahati)
2.2.1 Vegetable cultivation
2.2.2 A success story: Shri Krishna Konch
2.3 Target districts : Kokrajhar, Karbi Anglong and North
Lakhimpur (Assam)
Sub-project : Livelihood Promotion through Integrated
Farming System in Assam (AAU, Jorhat)
2.3.1 Introduction of vegetable crops (knolkhol, French
bean, chilli) in rice- fallow system
Zone III Lower Gangetic Plains Region 24-27
3.1 Target districts : Purulia, Bankura and West Midnapore
(West Bengal)
Sub-project : Sustainable Farming System to Enhance and to
Ensure Livelihood Security of Poor in Purulia, Bankura and
West Midnapore Districts of West Bengal (BCKV, Kalyani)
3.1.1 Vegetable cultivation in Purulia, Bankura and
Midnapore
3.1.2 Livelihood generation for marginal and small farmers
through integrated interventions of vegetable at
Narrah village of Purulia
3.2 Target districts : Malda, Murshidabad and Dinajpur
(West Bengal)
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Sub-project : Sustainable Rural Livelihood Empowerment
Project for Northern Disadvantaged Districts of West Bengal
(UBKV, Coochbehar)
3.2.1 Multi-tier horticulture
Zone IV Middle Gangetic Plains Region 28-33
4.1 Target districts : Mirzapur and Sonbhadra (Uttar Pradesh)
Sub-project : Ensuring Livelihood Security through
Sustainable Farming System and Related Enterprises in SC/
Tribal Dominated Population of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra
districts in Vindhyan Region (BHU, Varanasi)
4.1.1 Bower system of vegetable production – A success in
Vindhyan region
4.1.2 Shri Sushil Kumar is now a lakhpati farmer, thanks to
vegetable pea – A sucess story
4.2 Target districts : Sheohar and Muzaffarpur (Bihar)
Sub-project : Improving Livelihood Quality in Salt-Affected
Watersheds through Sustainable Agriculture (RAU, Samastipur)
4.2.1 Vegetable cultivation in salt affected areas
4.3 Target districts : Mungher, Vaishali, Samastipur and
Darbhanga (Bihar)
Sub-project : Sustainable Livelihood Improvement through
Need Based Integrated Farming System Models in
Disadvantaged Districts of Bihar (ICAR RC for ER, Patna)
4.3.1 Introduction of high value vegetable cultivation under
three tier system
Zone V Upper Gangetic Plains Region 34-39
5.1 Target districts : Barabanki and Raebareli (Uttar Prades)
Sub-project : Holistic Approach for Sustainable Rural
Livelihood Security through Integrated Farming System
Approach (IVRI, Izatnagar)
5.1.1 To develop specialized integrated farming system
models as self-sustaining and high producing system
5.1.2 Economic security for riverbed farmers through
integrated interventions in vegetables
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
5.1.3 Livelihood generation for marginal and small farmers
through integrated interventions of vegetable at Tera
village of Raebareli
5.1.4 Conversion of a non-vegetable producing area into
hub of vegetable production and assuring reasonable
livelihood and nutritional security
Zone VI Trans-Gangetic Plains Region 40-41
6.1 Target districts : Mewat (Haryana)
Sub-project : Achieving Improved Livelihood Security
through Resource Conservation and Diversified Farming
Systems Approach in Mewat (CCS,HAU, Hissar)
6.1.1 Innovative modifications in trench farming of
cucurbits
Zone VII Eastern Plateau and Hill Regions 42-55
7.1 Target districts : Kandhamal, Dhenkanal and Kalahandi
(Odisha)
Sub-project : Sustainable Rural Livelihood and Food Security
to Rainfed Farmers of Odisha (OUAT, Bhubaneswar)
7.1.1 River bank watermelon cultivation improved
livelihood of farmers of dhenkanal
7.1.2 Cultivation of off-season vegetables in Kandhamal
7.1.3 Value chain approach for livelihood security through
tuber crops in backward districts of Odisha
7.2 Target districts : Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj and Sambhalpur
(Odisha)
Sub-project : Sustainable Livelihood Improvement through
Integrated Freshwater Aquaculture, Horticulture and
Livestock Development in Selected districts of Odisha (CIFA,
Bhubaneswar)
7.2.1 Saplings of livelihood- A success story in commercial
nursery
7.2.2 A success story of Shri Dhyanendra Behera, Keonjhar
7.3 Target districts : Godda (Jharkhand)
Sub-project : Up scaling and Improving Livelihood of Forest
Based and Forest Fringe Communities through Enhanced
Farming System Productivity and Efficient Support Systems
in Godda District (Jharkhand) (AFC, Ltd., Ranchi)
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
7.3.1 Multistory vegetable model for Godda
7.3.2 Enhanced income through value addition of jackfruit
and other underutilized fruits
7.4 Target district : Dumka and Jamtara (Jharkhand)
Sub-project : Developing Sustainable Farming System Models
for Prioritized Micro Watersheds in Rainfed Areas in Jharkhand
(BAU, Ranchi)
7.4.1 Demonstration of vegetable cultivation
7.4.2 Off-season cultivation of cucurbits under low poly
tunnel
7.4.3 Demonstration of fruit based multitier cropping system
7.4.4 The small ditches
7.5 Target districts : Kanker, Bastar and Narayanpur
(Chhattisgarh)
Sub-project : Improving Rural Livelihood Security through
Sustainable Integrated Farming System Model and Allied
Enterprises in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh
7.5.1 Integrated rice-fish-duck-vegetable system for
enhanced livelihood in selected backward districts
of Bastar
7.5.2 Gravity operated drip for vegetable cultivation –
A source of livelihood security
7.5.3 Rice - vegetable - water harvesting system
7.6 Target districts : Sahibganj and Pakur (Jharkhand)
Sub-project : Integrated Farming System (IFS) for Enhancing
Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security in Sahibganj and Pakur
Disricts of Jharkhand (GVT, Ranchi)
7.6.1 Cowpea (Barbatti) : Lifeline of paharias in Berhait
cluster
Zone VIII Central Plateau and Hill Region 56-57
8.1 Target districts : Udaipur, Banswara, Dungarpur and
Sirohi (Rajasthan)
Sub-project : Livelihood and Nutritional Security of
Tribal Dominated Rural Areas through Integrated Farming
System Models (MPUAT, Udaipur)
8.1.1 Vegetable cultivation in backward districts of
Rajasthan
xiixii
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone IX Western Plateau and Hill Region 58-64
9.1 Target districts : Yeotmal, Ahmednagar, Nandurbar,
Garhchiroli and Chandrapur (Maharashtra)
Sub-project : Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security in
Backward Districts of Maharashtra (BAIF, Pune)
9.1.1 Livelihood security through diversification from
vegetables to pomegranate – A success story of Shri
Gangadhar Nivrutti Darade of Ahmednagar
9.1.2 Vegetables- a major source of livelihood improvement
which sustains life – A success story of Shri Bhaskar
Dangal Wagh of Nandurbar
9.2 Target districts : Aurangabad, Dhule and Gondia
(Maharashtra)
Sub-project : Efficient Land Use Based Integrated Farming
System for Rural Livelihood Security in Aurangabad, Dhule
and Gondia Districts of Maharashtra. (NBSS& LUP Nagpur)
9.2.1 Crop diversification A boon to marginal farmers for
sustainable livelihood
9.3 Target districts : Jhabua and Dhar (Madhya Pradesh)
Sub-project : Integrated Farming System for Sustainable
Rural Livelihoods in Undulating and Rainfed areas of Jhabua
and Dhar districts of Madhya Pradesh (RVSKVV, Gwalior)
9.3.1 Introduction and promotion of vegetables and spices
in Dhar and Jhabua
9.3.2 Pumpkin cultivation: A new source of livelihood
security to tribal farmers – A success story
9.3.3 Watermelon cultivation promotes prosperity in tribal
areas – A success story
9.3.4 Farmer’s innovation - An innovative irrigation
technique for vegetable cultivation (Reproduced from
ICAR Website)
Zone X Southern Plateau and Hill Regions 65-69
10.1 Target districts : Bidar (Karnataka)
Sub-project : Nutrition, Livelihood Security through
Resource and Enterprise Management in Bidar district
(UAS, Raichur)
10.1.1 Integrated disease management in ginger – A success
story of Shri Devidas Ramu Pawar
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
10.2 Target districts : Chitradurga (Karnataka)
Sub-project : Livelihood Security of Rural Poor in
Disadvantaged Chitradurga districts of Karnataka through
Integrated Farming Systems Approach (UAS, Bangalore)
10.2.1 Impact of INM/IPDM and Arka Kalyan variety on
onion productivity
10.3 Target districts : Adilabad, Khammam, Rangareddy,
Nalgonda, Kadappah, Mahbubnagar, Anantapur and
Warangal (Andhra Pradesh)
Sub-project : Sustainable Rural Livelihoods through
Enhanced Farming System Productivity and Efficient
Support Systems in Rainfed Areas, (CRIDA, Hyderabad)
10.3.1 Introduction of summer vegetables
10.3.2 Effect of mulching in vegetable cultivation
10.3.4 Strengthening market linkages for enhanced income
10.3.5 Turmeric cultivation
10.3.6 Community shade net for quality seedlings –
A necessity
Zone XI East Coast Plains and Hill Region - Nil
Zone XII West Coast Plains and Ghats Region 70-71
12.1 Target districts : Wayanad (Kerala)
Sub-project : Comprehensive, Multi-Enterprise Project for
Addressing the Agrarian Crisis of Wayanad District of Kerala
(RRS KAU, Wayanad)
12.1.1 Promoting farmer participatory procurement and
marketing of farm produce – VFPCK (Vegetable
and Fruit Council, Kerala) Model
12.1.2 Gender empowerment in vegetable cultivation
12.1.3 Organic farming
Zone XIII Gujarat Plain and Hill Region 72-73
13.1 Target districts : Banaskantha, Dahod and Dangs (Gujarat)
Sub-project : Integrated Project for Research on
Development Process and Sustainability of Livelihood in
Disadvantaged Districts of Gujarat State (SDAU,
Krushinagar Banaskantha)
13.1.1 Drip irrigation
13.1.2 A success story of Shri Jena Bhai
xivxiv
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix I 74-75
Zonewise distribution of backward districts in India
Appendix II 76
List of various success stories on ICAR website and in ICAR Reporter
Appendix III 77-92
Contact Addresses of Consortium Leader, Consortium Principal
Investigators and Consortium Partners of various Sub-projects
Introduction
1
Introduction
National Agricultural
Innovation Project ( NAIP)
was initiated with the major
objective “to facilitate an
accelerated and sustainable
transformation of the Indian
agriculture so that it can
support poverty alleviation and
income generation through
collaborative development and
application of agricultural
innovations by the public
organizations in partnership
with farmers’ groups, the private
sector and other stakeholders”.
The project is supported by The
World Bank and is being
implemented by Indian Council
of Agricultural Research.
Planning Commission,
Government of India under
“Identification of Districts for
Wage and Self-employment
programme” has identified 150
backwards districts in the
country. The spread of these
backward districts is given in
Figure 1.
Through one of the Components of National Agricultural Innovation Project ( NAIP)
“Research on Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security” an effort is being made to improve
livelihood security of the rural people living in selected disadvantaged regions through
technology- led innovation systems. Under this component 33 subprojects have been
approved covering 91 backward districts out of 150 backwards districts identified by
Planning Commission, Government of India. These 33 sub-projects cover 29 states and
14 agro climatic zones. These sub-projects were approved both in sponsored as well as
competitive mode for a period varying from 3-5 years.
Some of the major innovations that have been built in this project include consortium
approach, institution building, social inclusion, multi-level support and monitoring,
(Source: NBSSLUP, Nagpur)
Fig1: Backward districts in India
22
Livelihood Enhancement Through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
integrated farming system (IFS) for enhanced livelihood, synergy with other ongoing
programme, environmental and social safeguard, steps for post project sustainability,
development of marketing linkages and IT initiatives.
Agriculture continues to be a major source of livelihood in these backward districts.
However, due to poor crop management practices, limited resources and lack of know-
how the productivity and income is low as evident from baseline survey reports. Therefore,
major effort has been on identification and introduction of suitable crop varieties with
location specific management practices and diversification to vegetable crops for better
remuneration. The major crop interventions include introduction of improved crop
varieties, intercropping , crop diversification and seed production. Introduction of improved
technology of vegetable production became an important component in overall livelihood
improvement of the respective region.
The horticulture sector includes fruit crops, vegetable crops, potato and tuber crops,
ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic crops and spices and plantation crops. It
contributes in poverty alleviation and nutritional security. Presently horticulture contributes
28 percent of agricultural GDP. The national goal of achieving 4.0 percent growth in
agriculture can be achieved through major contribution from horticulture growth.
Vegetable crops are highly income intensive if improved management practices are adopted
along with development of appropriate market linkages. They are also rich source of
nutritional security.
Visualizing the importance of horticultural crops, several programmes like National
Horticultural Mission, National Bamboo Mission, etc. have been launched and are being
implemented with success. Several horticultural based institutes of Indian Council of
Agricultural Research namely Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore; Indian
Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi; Central Tuber Crop Research Institute,
Trivendrum, etc. are conducting high quality research and development on horticultural
crops. State agricultural and horticultural universities are providing under graduate, post
graduate and doctoral programmes in the area of fruits and vegetable crops.
Keeping in view the importance of horticultural crops and overall mandate of NAIP
several horticultural based interventions were planned and implemented across various
sub-projects. These sub-projects essentially used Integrated Farming System ( IFS) approach
to improve livelihood of poor farmers. IFS is necessary to improve livelihood of a rural
household, wherein more than one source of livelihood is practiced. Very often emphasis
on one component in rural areas, particularly among those people whose livelihood is
threatened can not lead to overall livelihood improvement of a household. For instance a
farmer having one acre of land cannot sustain a family of 5 persons only with the improved
crop productivity. Hence, other additional livelihood options need to be created for him
depending on demand and available resources with him including human resource.
Accordingly, interventions were carefully planned keeping in view the overall need of the
Introduction
3
area, available technological options, market accessibility both for input and produce.
Thus, every individual farmer became a subject of research, and interventions and results
were closely monitored in each case. The interventions could be a combination of crop,
livestock, aquaculture, value addition, etc.
Under various sub-projects location specific technologies were introduced for higher
income. Also, kitchen garden kits were provided to all the beneficiary farmers for nutritional
security and also to enhance income from the surplus produce. Social mobilization for
collective production and sale too gave good results. Every sub-project reported a significant
improvement in income due to vegetable interventions. The present report is a compilation
of the selected results reported under various sub-projects.
❑
44
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone I
WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION
1.1.1. Horticulture for livelihood enhancement in Tehri district of
Uttarakhand
The North West Himalayan region occupies a major area under cultivable wasteland,
which is lying idle and can be brought under orchard crops without curtailing the area
under food crops. Three clusters i.e. Jamnikhal, Manjgaon and Hadiya of Tehri Garhwal in
Uttarakhand were undertaken in this project for horticulture as a successful intervention
under above sub-project. The Garhwal Unit of G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan
Environment and Development initiated and implemented programme/activities to
demonstrate livelihood based approach for resource conservation through establishment
of horticulture models.
People’s responses, willingness, road
accessibility and other related aspects were
considered for the selection of sites and a
total of 9 ha of degraded land (2.5 ha in
Jamnikhal, 3.5 ha in Hadiya and 3 ha in
Manjgaon) were selected for developing the
horticulture models. It helped in checking
the soil erosion, improve soil fertility and
improve carbon sequestration.
The land was prepared by uprooting
bushes, unwanted thorny plants and by soil
Western Himalayan Region (Zone 1) includes three hilly states of the country vizUttarakhand,Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Five districts have been identified as backward inthe area. These are Tehri and Champawat (Uttrakhand), Chamba (HP) and Doda and Kupwara(J&K). NAIP Subproject with VPKAS, Almora as lead Centre was approved for livelihoodimprovement in all these five districts.
1.1.Target districts: Tehri, Champawat (Uttarakhand), Chamba (Himachal Pradesh),
Doda and Kupwara (Jammu and Kashmir)
Sub-project: Enhancement of Livelihood Security through Sustainable Farming
Systems and Related Farm Enterprises in North-West Himalaya (VPKAS, Almora)
Western Himalayan Region
5
bed preparation. Pits of 0.8 x 0.8 m were dug and filled with FYM before the plantations
were made. A total of 3900 seedlings of various horticultural crops i.e. Prunus persica
(350) Prunus armenica (1100), Juglans regia (800), Malus sp (200) and Pyrus communis
(400), Prunus domestica (600), Citrus limon (300), Mangifera indica (20), Artocarpus
heterophyllus (30), Psidium guava (40) and Citrus spp. (60) were planted under five
horticulture models.
A total of 6 capacity building programmes were organized involving 143 stakeholders
from three villages. The programmes focused on value addition of local wild as well as
domestic edibles varities for livelihood enhancement. After three years, a total 1257 kg of
fruits (Prunus persica, P. armanica and P. Domestica) estimated to be worth Rs. 83,464.00
were harvested.
After successful initiation of the horticulture models the adjacent village institutions
and villagers are continuously approaching and requesting to Garhwal Unit of GB Pant
Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development for carrying the same activities in
their villages. During the development, more than 500 horticulture seedlings were
distributed to the interested farmers of the three villages. The farmers are encouraged and
guided to get help from different line agencies like National Horticulture Board and Block
Development Office. Some of the stakeholders have now improved and developed their
own orchards in Hadiya village clusters.
1.1.2 French Bean: A successful vegetable crop in the Champawat cluster
Improved variety and management
practices of French bean was introduced
with success to the extent that it is now
adopted as a major vegetable crop among
all the clusters of Champawat district. Here
is the successful story of Shri Chinta Singh
which is also true for other beneficiary
farmers of the cluster. Shri Chinta Singh is
a progressive and innovative farmer living
at Dharonj. Earlier, most of the farmers
grew traditional creeper type French bean
for daal purpose. With the interventions
of NAIP project, contender a suitable
variety for hills, was supplied to the
farmers. Contender is a spreading type, dwarf variety with less fibrous pods. It is a short
duration crop (50-55 days). In 2008-09 Chinta Singh started growing French bean in 2
Nali (50 Nalis = 1.0 ha) and got about 2.0 q production. He used the pods for vegetable
purpose and seeds of pods for daal. He sold about 60 kg seeds of French bean at the rate
of Rs 40/kg in the local market of Devidhura and fetched benefit of Rs. 2400/-.
66
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Similarly, other progressive farmers of different clusters like Ganesh Singh, Nirmal
Vishwakarma, Bhairva Singh, Dunger Singh, Joga Ram, Dinesh Singh, Harish Singh, Mohan
Vishwakarma and Surendra Singh grew contender variety of French bean and got very good
production. Consequently, by seeing the result of the previous year, the number of farmers as
well as area under French bean has increased over the years. Besides this many farmers
switched over from their traditionally grown creeper type (locally called Bhotia Chhimmi) to
spreading type variety of French bean.
1.1.3 Introduction of polyhouses in the adopted villages for off-season
vegetable cultivation.
Farmers of the hilly area
used to grow seasonal
vegetables for their domestic
use. Moreover, the
productivity was very low. In
an effort to improve their
income polyhouse were
introduced. With the
introduction of polyhouse,
farmers are able to grow
vegetables (brinjal, tomato,
cabbage, cauliflower, capsicum, cucumber, etc.) throughout the year. Annual earnings of
farmers from growing off-season vegetables in the high tech and low cost polyhouse were Rs
40,000 and Rs 10,000 respectively.
Seven polyhouses were constructed using GI pipes covering 90 m2
area and two low cost
polyhouses were constructed using wood thatches covering 70 m2
area. Farmers were
Cluster Technological Impact of Technology Remark
Intervention
Mudiyani Polyhouse- ● Raising crop increased production with Off-season vegetables and
High tech better quality. nursery resulted in quality
● Farmer is earned Rs 40,000/- extra income. produce, good price and extra
● Many farmers showed interest to construct income
new polyhouse.
Dharonj Polyhouse- ● Raising crop increased production with Off-season vegetables and nursery
Low cost better quality. resulted in quality produce, good
● Farmer are earned Rs 10,000/- extra income price and extra income
per polyhouse.
Table 1.1: Impact of polyhouse technology on income
Western Himalayan Region
7
demonstrated and trained for vegetable cultivation under polyhouse conditions. Few farmers
were also trained for construction of polyhouses. There is demand from farmers for putting
up new polyhouses in the village. The impact of the technology may be seen as the number
of polyhouses increased from 9 to 18.
1.1.4 Cultivation of off-season cauliflower by NAIP farmers in Champawat
(Uttarakhand).
The advantage of off-seasonality in mountain agriculture was realized by the farmers
of Dharounj and Moriani-Banlekh clusters in district Champawat in spring season- 2008
(Jan-May 2008). The technology developed by VPKAS, Almora was successfully adopted
by 26 small farmers over 0.4 ha area. The farmers included Shri Chinta Singh, Shri Chandan
Singh and Shri Kharak Singh of Dharounj cluster and Shri Jagat Singh and Bhairon Ram
of Moriani-Banlekh.
Cauliflower packaging for sale in the market
The seedlings of cauliflower of variety P.S.B- 1 were grown partly in the polyhouses
constructed on farmer’s field under the project and partly at research farm, Hawalbag of
VPKAS, Almora. Growing of seedlings in the month of November was made possible
only due to protected cultivation. The seedlings thus grown were transplanted in mid
January as per the complete package of practices, which included application of 18-20 t/
ha of F.Y.M.
The cauliflower was first harvest by 3rd
April and then continued till 25th
May. This
availability of cauliflower during April to May resulted in higher average price of
Rs 2,000/q. The average yield was 65 q/ha, which resulted in an income of Rs 1.3 lakh/
ha within a period of four and half
months. It very well fits in the cropping sequence of
radish, spinach or coriander and vacates the field for main Kharif crop. Thus, it was possible
to intensify the cropping system, enhance profitability and also availability of green leaf
fodder to livestock during green fodder scarcity period.
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
1.1.5 Vegetable cultivation in small areas with improved varieties- A
success story from Kupwara
Kupwara is one of the most backward districts of Jammu & Kashmir where the farmers
are not yet aware of advances in agricultural practices. Due to adverse climatic situation,
the area remains inaccessible for almost 6 months in a year. Under such situation, improved
vegetable cultivation for enhancing income and nutritional security was introduced with
success in the area. Two success stories of the intervention are given below:
(i) Under NAIP work programme Shri Shafiq Ahmad Shah an innovative farmer
was selected from Chakpuran village of Langte cluster for demonstration and interventions.
The increase in his income after adopting vegetable cultivation is given in table 1.2.
Crop Variety Area (ha) Production (q) Income (Rs)
Tomato S 1 & S 2 0.025 8 8000
Brinjal Shalimar improved 0.05 3 3000
Chili Kashmiri long 0.05 0.30 3000
Capsicum Nishat 0.025 0.50 1000
Radish Japanese long 0.05 2 2000
Onion Yellow globe 0.10 4 4000
Rajmash Contender 0.05 2 2400
Total cultivated 0.35
area
Total income from vegetable crops (Rs) 23400
Table 1.2: Production and income from vegetables in the farm of Shri Shah
Western Himalayan Region
9
(ii) Another farmer Shri Ab. Rashid Lone, an innovative farmer from Walharaman
village of Langte cluster also adopted the same practices with following results:
Crop Variety Area (ha) Production (q) Income (Rs)
Crop Variety Area (ha) Production (q) Income (Rs)
Tomato S 1 & S 2 0.025 7.73 7730
Brinjal Shalimar improved 0.025 1.14 1440
Chili Kashmiri long 0.05 0.29 2900
Capsicum Nishat 0.025 0.46 920
Radish Japanese long 0.025 1.03 1030
Onion Yellow globe 0.05 1.30 2400
Total cultivated area (ha) 0.2
Total income from vegetable crops (Rs) 16420
Cost of cultivation (Rs) 2550
Net income from vegetable crops (Rs) 13870
Maize (previous crop) Local 0.2 7.4 7190
Increase in income Rs 6280/ or 92.90%
Cost of cultivation (Rs) 4750
Net income from vegetable crops (Rs) 18650
Maize (previous crop) Local 0.35 3.5 5500
Increase in income 239%
Table 1.3: Income from improved vegetable cultivation in the farm of : Shri Ab. Rashid Lone
1010
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
1.1.6 Revival and adoption of chilli cultivation in Chamba
Chilli (Hot Pepper) cultivation in Chamba district used to suffer huge losses due to
severe occurrence of bacterial wilt disease during rainy season. This resulted in complete
failure of the crop and farmers of the area had almost stopped its cultivation. Keeping in
mind, the occurrence of the bacterial pathogen in the area and susceptibility of local land
races to this disease, 250 demonstrations covering an area of 14.0 ha in selected three
village clusters on bacterial wilt resistant variety ‘Surajmukhi’ of chilli were planned and
laid out during summer-rainy season of 2010 under NAIP.
This variety exceptionally performed better; it out-yielded the local chilli strains (70-
80%) and proved completely resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Secondly, the attack of
wild animals (monkey, wild boars and stray animals) were also negligible on this crop.
The intervention resulted in average productivity of 93.50 q/ha. The farmers sold green
chillies for Rs. 40/- per kg and dry chilli for Rs. 100-120/- per kg. Thus, the farmers are
earning more than two lakh rupees annually by growing green chillies.
1.1.7 Adoption of high value cash crops–A step towards diversification
in agriculture in Chamba district
The cultivation of niche based high value cash vegetable crops viz., tomato, capsicum,
French bean, cucumber, okra, peas, cabbage, onion and garlic for getting additional farm
income was successfully introduced under NAIP and made popular amongst the farmers
of Chamba district. The area covered and average productivity were 156.50 ha and 114.34
q/ha, respectively. With the successful cultivation of these potential vegetable crops, the
farmers of the area are earning net profit of Rs. 8000-9000 per kanal (400 sq m area) or
Rs. 20000-22500 per acre, Table 1.4
Western Himalayan Region
11
1.1.8 Tomato and capsicum as new optional crops for pea– potato growing
mid-hills irrigated valley situations
Majhgaon cluster in Song valley is known for vegetable cultivation particularly for
repetitive pea- French bean– potato crop rotation. Pea was grown repetitively for the years
together, causing decline in yield due to accumulation of disease causing pathogens in the
soil. Under the sub-project, the leguminous crop was replaced with solanacious crops for
Table 1.4: Vegetable productivity in Chamba
Crop Area covered (ha) Average yield (q/ha)
Chilli 54.0 66.8
Frenchbean 6.9 98.3
Okra 28.6 109.7
Cucumber 5.4 138.4
Tomato 5.1 313.7
Capsicum 0.3 184.2
Brinjal 5.0 142.2
Peas 17.4 89.6
Onion 5.0 103.9
Garlic 4.6 140.0
Palak 4.8 119.5
Radish 5.4 179.5
Chinese cabbage 6.0 270.8
Cabbage 2.0 313.0
Broccoli 6.0 140.3
Total 156.50 114.34
1212
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Table 1.5: Increase in productivity and net income from tomato-capsicum
1.1.9 Summer season tomato, squash cultivation and capsicum (California
wonder) seed production technology in protected cultivation
With consideration of farmers’ small and scattered land holding 50 m2
polyhouses
(unit) were erected for nursery raisings and for cultivation of off- season tomato, squash
and seed production of capsicum.
During winter polyhouse were used for raising nursery. During summer the temperature
Parameters Traditional practice Improved practice
Productivity (q/ha)
Pea (Arkel) 75 75
Capsicum (California wonder) - 115
Tomato (Naveen -2000) - 170
Income (Rs.)
Pea (Arkel) 8000 -
Capsicum (California wonder) - 13800
Tomato (Naveen -2000) - 13600
Labour employed (man-days/ ha) 56 62
Cost/Benefit ratio
Pea (Arkel) 1: 1.0 -
Capsicum (California wonder) - 1: 1.1
Tomato (Naveen -2000) - 1: 1.1
natural avoidance of diseases and thus, fetching higher benefits from the off-seasonal market
behavior. Two new crops tomato and capsicum were opted by few of the innovative
farmers as summer crop in place of pea and earned higher income, Table1.5
Western Himalayan Region
13
1.1.10 Quality potato and seed production
Potato is sown twice in a year in mid hills irrigated valleys i.e. 2nd
fortnight of August
Table 1.6: Increase in productivity and net income from tomato, summer squash and capsicum
seed production
Thus, additional income of about Rs 80,000 can be made through use of polyhouse.
Parameters Traditional practice Improved practice
(Seedlings) (Seedlings)
Nursery (No/ unit) 70000 70000
Tomato (q/unit) - 36.000
Summer squash (q/unit) - 40.000
Capsicum seed (q/unit) - 0.035
Income (Rs.)
Nursery 35000 35000
Tomato - 28800
Summer squash - 32000
Capsicum seed - 20000
Labour employed (man-days/ unit) 7 15
Cost/Benefit ratio
Nursery 1: 7.0
Tomato - 1: 5.1
Summer squash - 1: 6.3
Capsicum seed - 1: 3.5
increased by 7- 80
C. This increased temperature along with protected conditions was
used for cucurbit production followed by rainy season tomato and capsicum seed production
and this practice enabled farmers’ utilization of polyhouse, around the year, Table 1.6
1414
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Table 1.7: Increase in productivity and net income from quality potato and seed production
Thus, additional income of about Rs 68,000 can be made through use of polyhouse.
1.1.11 Saffron: Golden spice - A success story for Kishtwar cluster
Under NAIP four farmers from different villages of Kishtwar clusters were selected
for demonstration of modern cultural practice for enhancing production and productivity
of saffron in the year 2008-09
The field was prepared by ploughing from June to August and applied well-
decomposed farmyard manure 15 tonnes/ha before last ploughing. Treatment was done
Parameters Traditional practice Improved practice
Productivity (q/ha)
Local produced seed 118 -
Quality seed (K. Jyoti) - 175
Income (Rs./ha)
Local produced seed 50000 -
Quality seed (K. Jyoti) - 118750
Cost/Benefit ratio
Local produced seed 1: 1.7 -
Quality seed (K. Jyoti) - 1: 2.2
and 1st
fortnight of March. Seed is procured locally from the high hill temperate areas. But
the seed purity and seed born inoculums has drastically deteriorated in quality (cooking and
taste) thus limiting the earnings from its sale. Seed chain maintained by bringing quality
seed of potato (Kufri jyoti, size 100-120 g) and sown intact tuber without
cutting was introduced in the area. This produce fetched for Rs 4- 5 per kg higher rates,
Table 1.7
Western Himalayan Region
15
by the application of 1 kg
Trichodertne viride mixed
with 25 kg FYM for one
acre. Thereafter, raised the
beds of 3m x 3m and made
20 cm deep channels
around the beds to avoid
water stagnation.
Quality corms of
saffron were provided to all
the beneficiaries (60q/ha)
treated with fungicides like
Bavistin 50 WP (0.1% for 20 minutes) and shade dry before sowing to avoid corm rot.
Treated corms were sown in rows 10 cm x 10 cm apart Flowers were plucked in morning
hours and stigmas were separated manually from fresh flowers. Farmers obtained an average
yield of about 2.5 kg/ha of dried saffron instead of an average 1 kg/ha and earned a net
profit of Rs. 3 lakh/ha.
1.1.12 Poor man’s gold : Marigold - A success story of village Nalthi
(Bhaderwah)
Jammu being the temple city of India
and the Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine in
Katra attracts thousands of National as
well as International pilgrims to visit here
daily. The average consumption of the
marigold flowers in these temples is 20-
30 quintals per day. Under agies of NAIP
marigold cultivation was made popular in
village Nalthi with inception of project
during 2007-08. For last 4 years
beneficiaries have experienced good harvest
and returns from marigold activity which
finally is resulting in horizontal expansion
of marigold on sustainable basis.
An area of about 5 acres has been
covered under the cultivation of marigold.
During interaction meeting with the farmers organized by JKFGA, one of the farmers
Shri Devi Ram shared with other farmers about his experience regarding benefits in
cultivation of marigold. This has set encouraging trend among farmers and they have
1616
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
started adopting marigold cultivation in the area. The farmers Shri Mohinder Singh and
Shri Rishi Kumar beneficiaries of the cluster also shared their experiences and expressed
thanks A lady farmer beneficiary Mrs. Anita Kumari expressed in the meeting that there is
a ready market for flowers locally. Her husband has started a small entrepreneurship by
collecting the flowers from other farmers and dispatching to mandies at district Udhampur
and Jammu, respectively.
An enthusiastic farmer, Shri Vishal Manhas was full of joy when he saw his marigold
flowers were sold at a rate 5 times higher than average due to timely crop harvest at the
time of Navratra and festival season. He said that the flower cultivation has made him earn
profit of Rs 20,000/ kanal (400 m2
) as against of Rs 2,000-2,500 for traditional crops.
He is highly thankful to NAIP for their help and support.
❑
Eastern Himalayan Region
17
Zone II
EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION
Eastern Himalayan Region comprises of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Assam, Manipur,Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim. There are 12 backward districts in these regions.Under NAIP, 11 of these districts are covered through three sub-projects.
2.1 Target districts: Upper Subansiri (Arunachal Pradesh), Tamenglong (Manipur),
South Garo Hills (Meghalaya), Saiha (Mizoram), Mon (Nagaland), North Sikkim
(Sikkim) and Dhalai (Tripura)
Sub-project: Livelihood Improvement and Empowerment of Rural Poor through
Sustainable Farming Systems in North East India (ICAR-RC for NEH Region,
Barapani)
Vegetables have large potential for livelihood improvement in NEH region.
Accordingly, numbers of interventions were introduced in the area. Prior to interventions
on vegetable cultivation, water harvesting and conservation measures were strengthened
to improve water availability. Tanks for azolla (32 units) and 47 Jalkunds were constructed
for cultivation of off-season vegetables in Mon, Saiha, N. Sikkim, S. G. Hills and
Tamenglong. A low cost modified Thai jar structure has also been constructed to store
water for use during off-season to grow vegetables, etc. The consolidated activities on
vegetable cultivation in the seven N-E hilly districts are given in table 2.1.
Covered 170.5 ha involving 2341beneficiaries under vegetable cultivation(Potato, tomato, cucumber, cabbage,pea, etc). The average yield of vegetableswas 7.0 t/ha as compared to 3.0 ton/hawith the local variety. Farmers earned anet income of Rs 70,000/ ha/year.
Introduction of HYV for vegetable.
Intervention Achievement
Table 2.1: Significant achevement on vegetables in N-E region
1818
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Ginger and turmeric cultivation
Large cardamom cultivation
The overall impact is as follows :
Intervention HH Area Baseline Enhanced Net income
covered covered (ha) yield (t/ha) productivity (t/ha) (Rs/HH/yr)
Nutritional kitchen gardening 246 13.5 - 4.20 38,000
Introduction of HYV for vegetables 2587 184 3.00 7.0 70,000
Ginger and turmeric 722 204.5 Turmeric-3.50 Turmeric-6.9 33,600
cultivation Ginger-3.80 Ginger-5.0
Large cardamom nursery 100 10 - 125000 nos. of 50,000
planting units/ha
Intervention Achievement
Covered 204.5 ha under ginger andturmeric cultivation involving 722beneficiaries. The average yield ofturmeric was 6.9 t/ha as against 3.5 t/haof local variety and average yield of gingerwas 5 t/ha as against 3.8 t/ha of localvariety. Farmers earned a net income ofRs. 33,600/ha/year.
● Covered 39 ha under largecardamom cultivation in Mon andNorth Sikkim involving 262beneficiaries.
● Established 91 units largecardamom nurseries in N. Sikkim(about 10 ha area)
● 7720 plants were rejuvenated
● 1450 Alnus nepalensis saplingswere planted as shade managementfor large cardamom.
● 30 improved bhattis were provided
Eastern Himalayan Region
19
2.1.1 Agro processing units
Ten agro processing units (turmeric, fruits and vegetables processing unit, etc.) were
established to provide sustainable support to the vegetable growers. These were located in
U. Subansiri (4), Tamenglong ( 4), Saiha (1) and Mon (1). These units are being extensively
used in the region. More than 60 families are engaged in processing and value addition
of farm produce with an employment and income generation of 7173 man days and
Rs 11,500 per annum.
Turmeric Processing at Saiha
2.1.2 Cardamom curing
In North Sikkim farmers are actively
involved in cardamom cultivation. Apart from
cultivation, 30 units of ICRI improved bhatti
were also introduced in the area. In each bhatti
400 kg fresh capsules could be cured at a time.
Cured cardamom is sold at Rs. 10/kg higher
price than the traditional one. An enhanced
net income of Rs 6,860 was obtained from
these bhattis.
2.1.3 Year round cultivation of high value vegetables
To ensure year round cultivation of vegetables 53 polyhouses were constructed in
North Sikkim (Sikkim) and Upper Subansiri (Arunachal Pradesh). Tomato, cauliflower,
broccoli, etc. were grown in these polyhouses, this tremendously increased the income of
the farmers. In all 264 farmers have adopted the technology in the area. With an investment
of Rs. 50,000/unit, farmers could get a net annual income of Rs. 88,000/unit. The details
of crop productivity and income from these polyhouses are given in the following
table 2.2
2020
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
2.2. Target districts: Dhemaji (Assam)
Sub-project: Live Better with the Flood-An Approach for Sustainable Livelihood
Security in District Dhemaji, Assam (AFPRO, Guwahati)
2.2.1 Vegetable cultivation
The district Dhemaji is one of the worst flood affected districts of Assam. Flood is
part and parcel of the people living in Dhemaji district. During times of flood the district
remains cut-off from the rest of the country. It is at this point of time that the district faces
shortage of food items and other essential commodities in a more severe manner. Kharif
crop is usually affected by floods which directly affect the income of the rural people. To
Crops Parameters
Yield/200m2 (q) Income/200m
2 (Rs)
Farmers’ practices Improved practices Farmers’ practices Improved practices
Tomato 4.3 8.7 6050/- 11800/-
Capsicum 2.7 4.45 5600/- 10750/-
Coriander 1.16 2.12 7800/- 13850/-
Cauliflower 3.65 5.24 3450/- 5350/-
Broccoli 1.78 2.92 3210/- 4880/-
❑
Table 2.2: Productivity and income from vegetables in North Sikkim
Eastern Himalayan Region
21
enhance the income, improved vegetable cultivation was considered an option. It was
achieved through following interventions:
● Use of suitable HYV based on soil and climatic condition.
● Introduction of new technique for raising seedling of vegetable crops.
The consolidated results were as given in table 2.3:
Crop Number Area (ha) Initial yield Final yield Total Enhanced income
of HH (t/ha) (t/ha) Production (t) (Rs/year)
Vegetables 1645 697.79 3 4.8 3349.2 9468532/-
Potato 646 45.98 2 12.8 555.1 4004352/-
The produce was not only sold in Assam but also in Arunachal Pradesh where it
fetched higher price. The details of produce sold in Arunachal Pradesh are given in
table 2.4.
Item Volume traded Volume traded No of farmers Average income per
(Produce) (t/per year) (Rs/year) benefitted farmer per year (Rs)
Potato 4.80 4.8 lakh 120 4000.00
Vegetable 1.00 1.0 lakh 35 2500.00
Mustard 1.50 3.90 lakh 50 7500.00
2.2.2 Success story: Shri Krishna Konch
Shri Krishna Konch is a young educated and laborious farmer of Bhaju Jalbhari. His
family has six members and he owns 12 bighas (4 acres) of land. Their area is highly
Table 2.3: vegetable intervention in Dhemaji
Table 2.4:
2222
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
affected by flood, so they do not rely on Kharif paddy, only early ahu and bao paddy is
practiced. Their main crop is Rabi vegetables. After intervention of AFPRO under NAIP,
he got an economic back up in the form of input supply and improved package of practices,
time to time field visit, etc. He is now earning more than Rs. 35,000/- from vegetables
only from his 12 bighas of land. The details are given in table 2.5
S.No Crop Variety Area (ha) Production (kg) Earnings (Rs)
1 Potato Kufri jyoti 0.06 1300 15600
3 Pea Arkel 0.16 200 6000
4 Radish Japanese white 0.20 500 4000
5 Brinjal Pusa Purple Long 0.02 230 4600
6 Tomato Rocky 0.04 800 12000
7 Cabbage Pride of India 0.01 130 1550
8 Cauliflower Super Snow Ball 0.02 180 3600
9 Chilli Tejaswini 0.02 80 4000
10 Carrot New Kuruda 0.01 80 1600
11 Spinach All Green 0.02 420 bunch 1250
12 Coriander K 5 0.02 1000 bunch 1200
2.3.1 Introduction of vegetable crops (knolkhol, French bean, chilli) in rice-
fallow system
Rice is grown as monocrop in large parts of Assam. Its productivity and income is
low. To enhance income of the farmers two stage strategy was adopted:
i) Integrated rice-fish cultivation
ii) Cultivation of vegetable crops after rice to utilize residual moisture as well as soil
nutrient added by fish activities
2.3 Target districts: Lakhimpur, Kokrajhar and KarbiAnglong (Assam)
Sub-project: Livelihood Promotion through Integrated Farming System in Assam
(AAU, Jorhat)
❑
Table 2.5: Vegetable productivity of an innovative farmer - Shri Krishna Konch
Eastern Himalayan Region
23
Intervention included
i) Introduction of submergence tolerant rice varieties (Jalashree and Jalkunwari)
and staggered planting rice variety (Gitesh) and HYV “Ranjit” as per situation
specific need.
ii) Modification of rice field with fish refuge
iii) Introduction of composite carp culture to enhance rice productivity.
iv) Introduction of vegetable crops (knolkhol, French bean, chilli) in rice fallows
The results are given in table 2.6
Thus, an average farmer in an area of 0.28 ha can earn as much as Rs. 38,600/annum
against an average income of Rs. 6,600 during pre intervention period.
❑
Intervention HH covered Base line Improved yield Net income (Rs per HH
yield (t/ha) (t/ha) per year)
A. Paddy 2.97 4.50 13,200.00
B. Fish - 1.62 4,000.00
C. Vegetables
i) French bean - 4.52 12,400.00
ii) Knolkhol - 5.48 4,875.00
iii) Chilli - 3.30 4,125.00
640
( Average
area
0.28 ha)
Table 2.6: Income from rice-fish vegetables in three backward districts of Assam
2424
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone III
LOWER GANGETIC PLAINS REGION
Lower Gangetic Plain includes five backward districts of West Bengal. The soil of the region ismostly alluvial and prone to floods. All the five districts are covered under two NAIP sub-projects.
3.1 Target districts: Purulia, Bankura and West Midnapore (West Bengal)
Sub-project: Sustainable Farming System to Enhance and to Ensure Livelihood
Security of Poor in Purulia, Bankura and West Midnapore Districts of West Bengal
(BCKV, Kalyani)
3.1.1 Vegetable cultivation in Purulia, Bankura and Midnapore
The project has successfully demonstrated vegetable as viable and up-scalable
intervention for both landless and marginal farmers in the three backward districts of West
Bengal. Under the project the vegetable intervention was demonstrated with 1958 farmers
on 238.10 ha of land; majority of the farmers belong to landless category. The combination
of livestock and vegetable intervention ensured good economic return for the landless
1958 farmers engaged in vegetable productionin 238.10 ha of land
farmers. Looking at the success of these interventions, a refrigerated van of one MT
Capacity ( 1000 kg) for fruits and vegetables, with a temperature range of 3-10 °C ( as per
product requirement), was provided by Agriculture Marketing Department, Government
Lower Gangetic Plains Region
25
3.1.2 Livelihood generation for marginal and small farmers through
integrated interventions of vegetable at Narrah village of Purulia
Narrah village located in the Purulia-2 block of Purulia district of West Bengal was
constrained with regular drought and poor productivity in the uplands. The average annual
income of a marginal farmer in the village was Rs. 21,000. Most of the farmers were
resistant to change from traditional mono-crop system and expressed their inability to
take any risk. However, a handful of them came to adopt the innovative low cost income
generating interventions on off-season vegetable cultivation. Shri Madhab Rajak is such a
farmer who has 1.6 ha of land on which his family of 6 member depends upon. He grows
paddy on his land for self consumption and during rest of the year works as an agricultural
labour for earning the much needed cash. He was provided technical training, improved
variety of seeds, proper amount of fertilizer and pesticides from NAIP. On receiving the
training, Shri Rajak cultivated cabbage in 0.13 ha of land and earned a net income of
Rs. 37,380 (i.e. Rs.2,80,350/ha). It was more than 500 percent increase from his previous
income. The reasons for such high return were—
● Appropriate and timely support received from NAIP
● Adherence to the technical guidance received from NAIP
● Less disease and pest infestation
● Selling the crops directly in market instead of middleman
Shri Rajak is now recognized in and around his village as a champion cabbage grower.
He recognizes the support received from NAIP and says — “I am grateful to NAIP; it has
shown me the path of growth.”
❑
Intervention No. of HH Area Baseline Enhanced Net income
covered covered (ha) Yield (t/ha) productivity (t/ha) (Rs/HH/yr)
Onion 435 19.07 11 4.0 8000
Cauliflower/ 8 0.6 15 5.0 1000
Cabbage
Okra 246 12.81 3 2.0 7500
Table 3.1: Income from vegetable cultivation in three backward districts of West Bengal
(*average holding 0.047ha)
of West Bengal. The net income from these vegetables ranged from Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 8,000
giving an annual income of about Rs. 16,500 from vegetable alone, Table 3.1.
2626
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
3.2.1 Multi- tier horticulture
Considering very poor land base and scant consumption of vegetables (135g/caput/
day) in daily diet; enhancement of household nutritional security through women led
multi-tier horticulture under homestead based backyard/ courtyard/pond dyke production
situations was introduced.
The technology was having two core components: (i) positioning of very low cost
three-tier scaffolds for higher utilization of vertical space. (ii) Round the year growing of
miscellaneous seasonal vegetables. Standardization of scaffold structure carried out through
participatory refinement the prototype to ensure availability of sunshine at all the tiers. At
the base of tier (i.e. on the ground), crops like chilli/hybrid tomato/coriander/ green
fenugreek/ red amaranths, etc. were placed. At tier-1 (i.e. over 4 feet wide scaffold) broad
leaved cucurbitaceous crops like bottle gourd/cucumber/ash gourd/ridge gourd, etc. were
3.2 Target districts: Uttar and Dakshin Dinajpur, Malda and Murshidabad (West
Bengal)
Sub-project: Sustainable Rural Livelihood Empowerment Project for Northern
Disadvantaged Districts of West Bengal (UBKV, Coochbehar)
Lower Gangetic Plains Region
27
grown. At tier-2 (i.e. over 2 feet wide roof of the scaffold) short leaved vine crops like
bitter gourd/ basella, etc. were taken. With the average annual cost of multi-tier vegetables
production over 720 sq. ft. area (1 katha) being Rs. 446.00, the technology could evoke
huge response to register 444.7 percent enhancement of area at the cluster household
levels leading to a commendable 96 percent per capita increase of vegetable consumption
in daily diet (257 g/caput/day). The other tangible impact stands on the encouraging
horizontal spread of the technology over 14.51ha around the vicinity of project clusters
basically through farmers led extension.
❑
2828
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone IV
MIDDLE GANGETIC PLAINS REGION
The Middle-Gangetic Plain region includes two States Bihar and Uttar Pradesh with 15 and 3backward districts, respectively. Under the four NAIP sub-projects 8 and 2 districts of Biharand U.P., respectively are covered for livelihood improvement.
4.1 Target districts: Mirzapur and Sonbhadra (Uttar Pradesh)
Sub-project: Ensuring Livelihood Security through Sustainable Farming System
and Related Enterprises in SC/Tribal Dominated Population of Mirzapur and
Sonbhadra Districts in Vindhyan Region (BHU, Varanasi)
4.1.1 Bower system of vegetable production–A success in Vindhyan region
Cucurbits like bottle gourd, sponge
gourd, bitter gourd, snake gourd and
pumpkin, etc. are the major vegetable crops
grown during rainy season in Varanasi and
adjoining areas. However, during this
season, excessive water in the field causes
damage to these crops unless some physical
support is given to the plants for climbing.
The common practice of cucurbits
cultivation during rainy season is either to
grow on elevated fields or use stacks with
available wood. Bamboo and some locally
available materials like pigeon pea stalk are used for this purpose but most often this
arrangement doesn’t work and fails to bear the load of the crop when it comes to bearing.
Using Bower system with iron angle poles and wire is the scientific approach to deal with
the problem. Moreover, this is a permanent solution and one time investment that results
in enhancing the land productivity and gives enhanced yield of quality produce. Cost of
installation is Rs. 3,42,000/ha.
This system was provided to 10 farm households in two clusters covering 2.8 ha area.
Impressed by its good performance, 21 more farmers have adopted this technology and
the area enhanced to 11.6 ha. Bower system has enhanced the average yield of bottle
Middle Gangetic Plains Region
29
4.1.2 Shri Sushil Kumar is now a Lakhpati farmer- Thanks to vegetables
pea (available on ICAR Website)
Shri Sushil Kumar Bind is a marginal
farmer in village Bahuti, block Marihaan
District Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh. He has
about one hectare land for cultivation.
Earlier, he was unable to fulfill his family’s
requirements. A transformation happened
in his life when he attended Kisan Mela at
the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research
(IIVR), Varanasi and interacted with the
scientists. He came to know about early
varieties of vegetable pea matching very
well in rice-wheat cropping system
prevailing in eastern parts of UP. Further,
help was provided to him from NAIP in
the form of quality seeds and fertilizer.
He initiated vegetable cultivation
under the supervision of IIVR. He began
with land preparation, applied organic
fertilizer (Gobar Khad) and irrigated his land
to destroy unnecessary weeds and pest.
After land preparation sowed seeds of Kashi
*within parenthesis is percent
Parameters Crop Traditional practice Improved practice Increase over traditional
(Bower system) practice *
Productivity Bottle gourd 265 431 166 (62.6)
(q/ha)
Bitter gourd 87.5 145 57.5 ( 65.7)
Net return Bottle gourd 60460 90140 29680 ( 49.1)
(Rs/ha)
Bitter gourd 72165 105315 33150 ( 45.9)
Table 4.1: Effect of Bower system of rainy season cucurbits cultivation on yield and net return
gourd and bitter gourd by 70 q/ha and that of the house hold income by Rs 29,292/
year. Bower system gave gross return of Rs 141068/ha and B:C ratio of 7.5,
Table 4.1
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Uday and Kashi Nandini in the end of October. After a month, flowering and fruiting
began profusely. He started harvesting of peapods in December and sold to the market for
Rs. 25-35/kg. He earned about Rs. 40,000 by sale of 1200 kg of peapods.
In January, production of crop was very high and through four picking of pods, he
collected about 3500 kg fresh peapods and earned about Rs. 57,500 by selling produce
for Rs. 15-20/kg at Mandi.
In February, price of peapods declined, so he did only two pickings and harvested
about 1500/kg and sold it for Rs. 5-10/kg and got about Rs. 11,250. After that he left
the crop for seed production. At last, he collected about 2500 kg of seed. He earned about
Rs. 15,000 by sale of seeds.
He earned approximately Rs. 1,23,750 by sale of pea. He spent Rs. 5,000 on seed,
Rs. 10,000 on transportation, Rs. 1,000 on irrigation and Rs. 2,000 on land preparation
and Rs. 5000 for fertilizer. In all he spent about Rs. 23000 and earned about Rupees one
lakh. Now, he is planning to cultivate sweet pea in his whole land. He is regularly in touch
with vegetable scientists for getting more information. He also motivates other farmers to
do vegetable cultivation.
Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi has brought prosperity to Purvanchal
farmers through cultivation of pea. IIVR have developed two high yielding varieties Kashi
Uday and Kashi Nandini. Kashi Uday gives production about 750-900 kg/hectare and
Kashi Nandini about 900-110kg/hectare. These varieties are highly resistant to diseases.
❑
4.2.1 Vegetable cultivation in salt affected areas of Muzaffarpur and Sheohar
(Bihar)
In view of the income generating potential of horticulture, interventions were made
on improved vegetable cultivation in salt affected watersheds with a group approach.
Nutritional kitchen gardening was promoted in 945 farmers. In three clusters, 68 farmers
were engaged in vegetables cultivation. The project interventions included making available
seeds of improved varieties with better shelf life, balanced nutrition and IPM and IDM
4.2 Target districts: Sheohar and Muzaffarpur (Bihar)
Sub-project: Improving Livelihood Quality in Salt-Affected Watersheds through
Sustainable Agriculture (RAU, Samastipur)
Middle Gangetic Plains Region
31
practices. The intervention caused 35-64 percent increase in yield and Rs. 8,500 - 16,400
increased additional income. The vegetables grown were brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage,
tomato, ladyfinger, pumpkin, radish, and onion. The overall results are as follows,
Table 4.2
Besides, potato seed production was also introduced to 8 farmers in 7.2 ha area. It
resulted in production of 230.4 t of seed.
❑
4.3 Target districts: Vaishali, Munger, Darbhanga and Samastipur (Bihar)
Sub-project: Sustainable Livelihood Improvement through Need Based Integrated
Farming System Models in Disadvantaged Districts of Bihar (ICAR RC for ER,
Patna)
4.3.1 Introduction of high value vegetable cultivation under three-tier
systems
Under this system three models were introduced in vaishali and Samastipur districts
of Bihar and farmers were able to grow three different vegetables on the same piece of land
Crop Number of HH Total area Initial yield Improved yield Enhanced income/
(ha) (t/ha) (t/ha) year (Rs)
Vegetables 46 7.5 10-19 23-28 2,25,000.00
Table 4.2: Income from improved vegetable cultivation in salt affected areas of Bihar
3232
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
at a time. The intervention was demonstrated in 266 HH of area. The cost benefit ratios
of the three models are 1:3.78, 1:3.22 and 1:2.53, respectively. Following three models
were developed and demonstrated:
Model 1: Bitter gourd + Cowpea + Elephant foot yam
Model 2: Pointed gourd + Okra + Cucumber
Model 3: Pointed gourd + Okra + Amaranths
Name of HH/ Area Productivity (q/ha) Income (Rs/ha)
Technology demonstrated (ha)
Model1 130/35 Upper 273 q/ha+ Middle 120 q/ha+ 3,60,000
Lower 350 q/ha
Model 2 80/10 Upper 195 q/ha+ Middle 135 q/ha + 2,29,000
Lower 113 q/ha,
Model 3 56/7.2 Upper 203 q/ha+ Middle 121 q/ha + 2,25,000
Lower 77 q/ha
Traditional method 125-150 45000-50000
(Bitter gourd)
Table 4.3: Income from multitied horticulture in Bihar
Besides, improved potato cultivation was also introduced in the area. It led to a
substantial increase in income as follows (Table 4.4)
Middle Gangetic Plains Region
33
Technology Area (ha) Yield (q/ha) Income (Rs/ha/yr)
Pre intervention Post intervention Pre intervention Post intervention
Seed production 6.5 1500 q/6.5 ha 1625 q/6.5 ha 7,50,000 21,12,500
of Potato (at ` 500/q) (at ` 1300/q)
Seed plot 6 112.4 250.5 25,000 49,500
technology for
quality seed
production of
Potato
Cultivation of 6 112.4 285.4 25,000 42,500
processing
Potatoes
Cucumber 8.75 40-48 60-75 19,200 27,000
cultivation
Table 4.4: Income from improved potato cultivation in Vaishali
❑
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone V
UPPER GANGETIC PLAINS REGION
Upper Gangetic Plain region includes 32 districts of Uttar Pradesh including 7 backwarddistricts. Four of these backward districts are covered through two sub-projects. The area hassufficient ground water, due to presence of river Gomti and Saryu. However, it is facingproblem of sodicity in the soil.
5.1 Target districts: Barabanki and Raebareli (Uttar Pradesh)
Sub-project: Holistic Approach for Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security through
Integrated Farming System Approach (IVRI, Izatnagar)
5.1.1 To develop specialized integrated farming system models as self-
sustaining and high producing system
The baseline data of the adopted districts revealed that about 20 percent of their
lands were sodic and the rest were also low in nutrient contents which attributed to the
declined productivity. To address this problem, a low cost bio- stimulant CSR-BIO was
developed. The formulation both in solid and liquid form, apart from microbes also
supplies micro-nutrients for crop growth because of the inherent nature of the nutrient
present in the substrate used in the dynamic media. The treatment enhanced yield in
banana (24 kg/bunch), gladiolus (46.50 cm spike) and reclaimed sodic soils with soil pH
9.00 to 9.30 and SAR 15.43. In normal soils too with its applications there was an
increase in the average yield of commercial vegetables like hybrid tomato and bhindi,
tissue cultured G-9 banana by about 22-25 percent with an increase of income from
21.49 to 27.2 percent, which was validated in a sample of 77 marginal farmers.
Seed priming / treatment 100g / kg of seed or 1% liquid
Seedling dip 1% solution
Soil application 5 kg in 100kg of FYM @ 25 kg / ha in 500 kg FYM
Foliar spray 1% spray at critical stages of crop growth
Application dose of CSR-Bio Enhances
Upper Gangetic Plains Region
35
● Durability – 60 days under room temperature
● Cost involved for 1 ha by the farmer – Rs. 21,40
The technology of seed treatment, soil
application and foliar spray of CSR-BIO was
introduced in about 345 beneficiaries in vegetables
like bhindi var. M-10 and tomato var. Arvind over
a period of three years. Among them about 249
beneficiaries with average land holding of 0.30 to
0.40 ha adopted the technology. The unique feature
of the tomato cultivation is that due to the high
cost of hybrid vegetables which ranged from
Rs. 22,000 to 55,000/kg there was reluctance in
adoption in the initial years. However, with the
technology of bio-priming with CSR-BIO the
productivity of low cost hybrid of tomato
(Rs. 17,000/kg) was raised at par with commercial
high cost hybrids. The yield of bhindi, tomato and
banana (Fig. 5.1) increased to 21.50 percent, 25.0
percent and 28.8 percent, respectively compared to
the potential yield of the hybrid variety and the
average standard yield of progressive farmers of the
locality. Simultaneously, the income from bhindi
and tomato increased to 18.6 percent and 21.4
percent respectively, Fig. 5.2.
Fig. 5.1: Effect of intervention on yield of bhindi var.M10, tomato var.Arvind and banana
var.G-9
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Fig. 5.2: Effect of CSR-BIO on average net income from bhindi var.M10, tomato
var.Arvind in 1 acre of land
5.1.2 Economic security for riverbed farmers through integrated
interventions in vegetables
The settlers who live on the bank of river Gomti near Trivediganj block of Barabanki
district and river Sarayu near Tera village of Raebareli district earn their bread by cultivating
vegetables during summer on the river beds and doing part time labour work. These
landless families do not have any other source of livelihood and average annual income
through riverbed vegetable cultivation in two seasons (summer and winter) is in the
range of Rs. 15,000-20,000. Nearly 2.1 ha of land on Gomti banks and 2.3 ha of land on
Fig. 5.3: Effect of CSR-BIO on Banana crop
The income from banana G-9 variety in 1 acre area of also showed an increased trend
upto Rs. 1,44,640 while compared to same intervention without the growth enhancer to
a level of Rs.135100, Fig. 5.3.
Upper Gangetic Plains Region
37
Sarayu banks were used for cultivation
of vegetables like bottle gourd and
watermelon. A production of about
408 q and 379 q with an income of
Rs. 1,92,100 and Rs. 2,02,525 were
obtained from riverbeds of Gomti and
Sarayu, respectively covering both
seasons. Nearly 25 families are dependent
on the income from this source. Under
NAIP the interventions were envisaged
for these families by creating awareness
and insight of technologies available to
sustain the livelihood with integration
of appropriate technologies like varietal
replacement, supplementation of
nutrients with in-situ composting of Trichoderma and Pseudomonads spray of these native
strain from 20th day of planting up to harvest on an interval of 20 days.
The project interventions led to the increase in the area under cultivation by over
260 percent (5.45 ha) in Gomati and 190 percent (4.34 ha) in Sarayu beds. Apart from
this, elite varieties of other vegetables like muskmelon, cucumber and pumpkin were also
introduced. Here the foundation of seeds of only elite varieties was given instead of hybrids
keeping the sustainability of the farmer to cultivate the same in the next season with seed
extracted from the current season. Necessary knowledge on seed storage was also
incorporated to the beneficiaries. Another 15 families also joined this group of farmers.
The production of vegetables increased to 1293 q on Gomti banks with an increased net
income of Rs. 7,46,475. On Sarayu bank production increased to 1069.39 q on bank
and income increased by Rs. 6,18,195. An average income of Rs. 35,000 per beneficiary
was obtained during March 2010 to July 2010 i.e. in one season. Some families were
supplemented with a pair of goats and backyard bred chicks to develop small goat and
poultry units for their livelihood. The technology had generated employment for 100
days and also immediate economic and nutritional security. It also enabled the farmers to
take land on lease for cultivation during monsoon season. Thus, these families are now
ready to cultivate vegetables on river beds in two seasons and also do round the year
vegetable cultivation on leased lands. These farmers now earn an estimated annual net
income of about Rs. 1.0 lakhs.
5.1.3 Livelihood generation for marginal and small farmers through
integrated interventions of vegetable at Tera village of Raebareli
Tera village located in the Harichanderpur block of Raebareli district of Uttar Pradesh
is one of the poorest village in the state and was reported by the Times of India issue on
3838
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
5.9.2009 as on the verge of famine. The village was constrained with regular floods and
draught in lowlands and poor productivity in the uplands. The average annual income of
the marginal farmer in the village was Rs. 21,000.
Most of the farmers were resistant to
change from rice-wheat system and
expressed that since they were at the verge
of poverty they don’t want to take any risk.
However, a handful of them came to adopt
the innovative low cost income generating
interventions of off-season vegetable
cultivation. Shri Ram Bahadur is a typical
representative of such farmers who earned
their livelihood through cultivation of rice-
wheat-mustard in 0.35 - 0.6 ha and one
or two bovines. He earned on annual
income of Rs. 23,700 from agriculture
which comprised of Rs.15, 400 from rice-
wheat, Rs. 3600 from vegetables (potato,
tomato and cucumber) and Rs. 4,700 from milk. Of his land, 0.15 ha was used for wheat
with varietal change and the other 0.15 ha was used for winter hybrid vegetable (tomato
and cabbage) cultivation supplemented with vermicomposting and Trichoderma
and Pseudomonads based liquid and farm manures. He earned about Rs. 13,000 from
vegetables in winter and Rs. 5,600 from wheat. From this technological backup he also
went for summer vegetable cultivation with cucumber, muskmelon and bhindi with elite
varieties, mulching and compost supplementation in 0.25 ha. Banana with moong gram
as intercrop in about 0.075 ha was taken up with the income generated from initial
winter vegetables. An income of Rs. 13,450 was generated with the summer vegetables
and moong gram.
Apart from this the milk yielding potential of the cow increased from 2 liters/ day to
4 liters/day with mineral mixture supplementation, deworming and fodder which earned
him Rs. 9,000. His total income from winter and summer season was Rs. 41,050. The
banana crops will fetch him another Rs. 56,000. Hence, his total income will be around
Rs. 97,050. His investment apart from planting materials was Rs. 15,500 under variable
cost. Only family labour was utilized for cultivation. About 200 mandays were used for
the above purpose. Like him many farmers like Shri Sant Ram, Ram Kilavan, Sambhu,
Basharat, Ayodyhya Prasad and others earned an average income of Rs. 25,000 from
vegetable cultivation in their half acre land and then went for banana cultivation. Some of
the farmers such as Shri Sambhu earned Rs. 36,000 from off-season cauliflower and
Rs. 26,500 from tomato. Now, due to ICAR/NAIP guidance and support they are out of
poverty cycle and will guide farmers of nearby villages for coming out of poverty trap.
Upper Gangetic Plains Region
39
These small modules of integration would be a stepping stone in the lives of poor farmers
who are poorer than the marginal farmers (criteria of less than one ha).
5.1.4 Conversion of a non-vegetable producing area into hub of vegetable
production and assuring reasonable livelihood and nutritional
security
In the Rauni and surrounding
villages comprising more than 250
families, the major livelihood source was
cultivation of paddy and wheat and the
resultant net income was nearly
Rs. 30,000-35,000 ha. The other
agricultural activities like commercial
vegetables, floriculture, livestock units,
etc. was either absent / negligible or
uneconomical (livestock). The
population comprises of about 25
percent landless and nearly 70 percent
small land holders (marginal and small
farmers). Various interventions from the
NAIP were introduced to diversify the
livelihood as per their choices and
enhancing the net family income to a reasonable level.
Out of these families, 24 landless families opted for river bed vegetable cultivation.
These families now improved the practices further by dividing the area into hybrid bhindi
portion on lower bank, hybrid tomato in middle portion along with cucurbitaceous
vegetables. Thus, the net return jumped many fold. The earlier means of irrigation by
buckets was is improved into community based portable engine irrigation.
The major shift has been in vegetable cultivation and its horizontal expansion. Now
besides above landless families, 52 families, mainly comprising of youth, who have never
gone for vegetable cultivation (except 2 families), have opted for off-season vegetable
cultivation mainly of summer bhindi, summer and rainy season tomato and integrating it
with floriculture, banana, rural poultry, cucurbits, etc. This has also assured nutritional
security to these poor families. The net income per ha has been enhanced to Rs. 1.5-4.0
lakhs/ha.
The shift of the area from non-vegetable producer to hub of seasonal /off-season
vegetable production is the real impact of NAIP/ICAR and in coming year will also be
hub of flowers, honey, guava, milk, meat and banana.
❑
4040
Livelihood Enhancement Through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone VI
TRANS -GANGETIC PLAINS REGION
Trans-Gangetic Region includes Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Chandigarh. The area is fairlyrich and has high productivity except two districts Mewat (Haryana) and Hoshiarpur (Punjab).Project intervened through two sub-projects in Mewat and ‘Kandi’ area of Hoshiarpur.
6.1 Target districts: Mewat (Haryana)
Sub-project: Achieving Improved Livelihood Security through Resource
Conservation and Diversified Farming Systems Approach in Mewat (CCSA, HAU,
Hissar)
6.1.1 Innovative modifications in trench farming of cucurbits
Modified trench farming is an efficient system of planting cucurbits wherein water
and nutrients are saved by their localized application. The intervention was applied in
20 acres under NAIP. The comparison of modified trench farming system in given in
table 6.1.
Modified System
Trench dimension reduced to = 1.5’ x 1.5’
Seed sown 4-5" away from the northern side of
the trench wall
Fertilizer /manure placed and mixed in a 8-9’’
band along the north side of trench wall
The Saccharum thatch after its removal is spread
on the bed. It regulates soil temperature and
insulates the fruits against the direct contact of
hot sand in summer months
Conventional System
Trench dimension (W, D) = 3’ x 3’
Seed is sown in close proximity to north side of
the trench wall.
Fertilizer / manure placed and mixed in the profile
at the bottom of whole trench
The Saccharum thatch erected on north side of
trench to guard against frost was thrown aside
after its removal in February
Table 6.1: Comparative features of conventional and modified trench farming system
Trans- Gangetic Plains Region
41
Benefits of modified system of trench
farming
● Labour cost for digging trench is
reduced to ¼ due to reduced
volume of excavated land
● Width of trench is halved, thereby
reducing the volume of water
applied to half
● Localized application of fertilizer
/manure in narrow band resulted
into higher nutrient use efficiency
● Spreading sarkanda thatch on the bed, reduced soil erosion and improved fruit
quality
The success of the interventions showed an adoption in 400 acres against initial
demonstration in 20 acres only.
❑
4242
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone VII
EASTERN PLATEAU AND HILL REGION
The Eastern Plateau and Hill region is one of the most backward region of the Country. Itincludes parts of Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha and WestBengal. Out of 49 backward districts in the region 17 are covered under NAIP through 9 sub-projects.
7.1 Target districts: Dhenkanal, Kalahandi and Kandhmal (Odisha)
Sub-project: Sustainable Rural Livelihood and Food Security to Rainfed Farmers
of Odisha (OUAT, Bhubaneswar)
7.1.1 River bank watermelon for improved livelihood of farmers of
Dhenkanal
The river Brahmani flows in the vicinity of Dhenkanal Sadar cluster of Dhenkanal
district of Odisha. The six villages of the cluster viz. Khallibandha, Nuagaon, Mandapal,
Talagotha, Khamara and Kotapala are located in the right side of the river. The land was
infested with Kans (Saccharum spontaneum) weed and the soil is sandy. Although the river
is rainfed, water is available during Rabi and summer season. The watermelon cultivation
in the river bank dates back to 2004-05. Only four farmers cultivated watermelon in an
area of 1.6 ha with a very low productivity of 8.75 tonnes/ ha. They used low yielding
and low quality varieties. The productivity ranged from 8.75-16.50 tonnes/ ha during
2004-08 to 2010-11.
During 2011-12, under above NAIP an attempt was made to improve livelihood of
watermelon growing farmers through cultivation of good quality high yielding varieties
like BSS Bejo Seetal,, Sugar baby, Madhubala, Karan, Agasta and Poonam with improved
management practices. Training on cultivation practices and critical input support were
provided for cultivation of the crop in an area of 14.8 ha involving 40 households. The
productivity of the crop was enhanced to 25 t/ha. During 2011-12, the farmers realized
total production of 370 t from an area of 14.8 ha and net income at Rs. 65,000/ha.
Seeing the success, during 2012-13, more farmers came forward for watermelon
cultivation. They removed Kans (Saccharum spontaneum) from land and brought more
area under cultivation. Each farmer cultivated watermelon in an area of 0.8 ha. The
farmers were organized into groups for better management, watch and ward and marketing.
The project provided critical inputs to 72 households in an area of 28.8 ha (0.4 ha each)
Eastern Plateau and Hill Region
43
and each household cultivated the crop in additional area of 0.4 ha. Besides, 78 new
households also adopted river bank watermelon cultivation in an area of 0.8 ha each. The
area under watermelon cultivation has increased from 14.8 ha in 2011-12 to 120 ha
during 2012-13 showing an unprecedented increase of 711 percent. The farmers realized
net return of Rs. 27,27,000 at Rs. 95,000 per ha.
Out of the total production from area supported by the sub-project, fruits amounting
to 765 t valued at Rs. 44,55,000 was sent to different cities of Odisha viz Angul,
Bhubaneswar, Bhadrak, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, Khurda, Kendrapara and Pattamundai and
also to different cities of neighboring states viz. Kolkata, Shillong, Silcher, Vijayawada
and Deoghar (Table 7.1). Besides, domestic consumption was about 9 t. Linkage was
established with Mahalaxmi Vegetable supplier, Kuakhia and Jajapur for marketing of the
produce in the distant markets.
Table 7.1: Quantity and value of watermelon marketed during 2012-13 in Odisha and neighboring
states
City Produce(t) Value (Rs)
Outside Odisha
Kolkata(West Bengal) 290 16,81,000
Shillong(Meghalaya) 67 3,77,400
Silcher(Assam) 80 4,43,000
Vijayawada(Andhra Pradesh) 55 3,14,500
Deoghar (Bihar) 48 2,78,400
Sub Total (A) 540 30,94,300
4444
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Watermelon cultivation in the area has now become a source of livelihood not only
for farmers, but also wage earning for women from surrounding villages.
7.1.2 Cultivation of off-season vegetables in Kandhamal, Odisha
Kandhamal is a hilly and tribal
dominated district of Odisha. Crops like
cauliflower, runner bean and radish, which
are generally grown in Rabi season in the
state, are cultivated in Kharif in Kandhamal
due to prevalence of low night temperature
during the season. Number of vegetable
crops like runner bean, cauliflower, radish
with improved practices was introduced
with success.
Runner bean was cultivated in 34 ha involving 370 households. The farmers realized
green and fleshy pods of runner bean amounting 427.8 tonnes valued at Rs. 63,75,000
with net return of Rs. 41,78,600. The area per household was 0.09 ha and average net
return per household was Rs 11,294. The businessmen from Berhampur procured the
produce from NAIP clusters for sale in distant markets. Similarly, cauliflower was cultivated
in 7.8 ha involving 76 households. The crop yield was 102.5 tones valued at
Rs. 20,48,993 with net return of Rs 14,41,993. Each household realized net income of
Rs. 18,973 from an area of 0.1 ha. Radish was cultivated in 1.8 ha involving 56 households.
The swollen root plus greens yield was 34.0 tonnes valued at Rs. 4,80,000 with net
return of Rs. 3,14,400. Each household realized net return of Rs 5604 from an area of
0.032 ha. Thus, cultivation of off-season vegetables made the tribal life prosperous.
Inside Odisha
Angul 40 2,38,500
Bhubaneswar 76 4,67,800
Bhadrak 5 29,000
Cuttack 31 1,84,200
Dhenkanal 10 60,600
Khurda 21 1,26,200
Kendrapada 28 1,70,400
Patamudai 14 84,000
Sub Total (B) 225 13,60,700
Grand total 765 44,55,000
City Produce(t) Value (Rs)
Eastern Plateau and Hill Region
45
7.1.3 Value chain approach for livelihood security through tuber crops
in backward districts of odisha
Tuber crops provide excellent opportunities for enhanced income in backward districts
of Odisha. Number of tuber crops was introduced in the area with remarkable success to
778 household in the area, Table 7.2
Area before intervention Orissa elite (yam) after intervention
Sl. No. Tuber crop technology No. of Demo Area covered Total Income
(ha) production (t) generated
(Rs in Lakh)
1 Gajendra elephant foot yam) 227 2.27 83.99 12.6
2 Orissa elite (greater yam) 259 5.18 129.5 19.4
3 RM-1 (yam bean) 176 5.19 105.9 10.6
4 High yielding varieties of sweet potato 163 6.52 79.5 4.0
(Kishan and Kalinga)
5 Orange flesh sweet potato variety (ST14) 52 1.46 15.8 0.8
6 Cassava (Vellayani, Hraswa, etc.), 118 0.925 20.2 2.0
colocasia and arrowroot
7 Sweet potato + red gram intercropping 32 0.84 7.1 0.4
8 Yam + maize intercropping 17 0.34 8.2 1.2
9 Lime application in sweet potato 26 0.52 6.5 0.3
Total 1070 23.245 456.7 70.7
Table 7.2: Income from tuber crops in three backward districts of Odisha
One household with an average area of 0.3.ha can get an income of Rs 16,650 with
Gajendra (elephant foot yam).
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
To further motivate the farmers to
grow these crops, three starch extraction
units were deployed in the area. The
machine use and performance were as
follows:
● 21250 kg tubers crushed (all 3
machines)
● 3100 kg starch extracted and sold
to KASAM, NGO, Phulbani
● Increased extraction of 850 kg
starch valued Rs 85,000 due to machine usage apart from reduction in drudgery
7.2 Target districts: Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and Sambalpur (Odisha)
Sub-project: Sustainable Livelihood Improvement through Integrated Freshwater
Aquaculture, Horticulture and Livestock Development in Selected Districts of Odisha
(CIFA, Bhubaneswar)
Traditional method Machine
Capacity (kg/hour) 1 30
Starch recovery (%) 9 14
Electricity charge - 1.1 Unit/30 kg
Extraction charges Own labour Rs 1.00/kg
With the increased production, more such facilities are expected to grow. This value
chain approach of production, value addition and market linkage have helped the tribal
farmers in a big way.
❑
Table 7.3: Performance of starch extraction machine
Vegetable cultivation in tribal belts of Odisha offered a great scope of livelihood
improvement. Two success stories; one on commercial nursery and other on success of
vegetable grower adopting NAIP technology is reported herewith. Pond-dyke based system
has also been demonstrated with success in the area.
Eastern Plateau and Hill Region
47
7.2.1 Saplings of livelihood- A success story in commercial nursery
In Purunia village of Patna block of Keonjhar district, a SHG, named Maa Basant
Kuanri Krushak Sangha was formed and a commercial nursery for vegetable crops (tomato,
brinjal, chilli, cabbage, cauliflower, drumstick and fruit crops like papaya) was initiated
They were trained and guided regularly by the project personnel. The group is not only
able to cater to its own need of quality planting material, but also caters to the need of the
nearby villages. They have earned an additional income of Rs 15,700. With increasing
income season by season, the group is confident of setting an example of success in the
region
7.2.2 A glaring success story of Shri Dhyanendra Behera, Keonjhar
Educated up to 9th standard
only, Shri Dhyanendra Behera has
been benefited from commercial
vegetable cultivation interventions
of NAIP through wholesome
technology adoption. He used to
cultivate local varieties of tomato.
This crop suffered from various
diseases, which he could not
identify and control, despite
spending a significant amount of
money on purchase and
application of fungicides. Through NAIP, he opted for cultivation of commercial disease
resistant seed material and obtained yield of 32 q from an area of 2000m2
and earned
about Rs 22,600 in one season. This has substantially improved his livelihood
❑
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
7.3 Target districts: Godda (Jharkhand)
Sub-project: Up scaling and Improving Livelihood of Forest based and Forest
Fringe Communities through Enhanced Farming System Productivity and Efficient
Support Systems in Godda District (Jharkhand) (AFC, Ltd., Ranchi)
Godda is one of the most backward districts of Jharkhand but it has large area under
forest with a good scope of value addition to the forest produce. Also multi-tier horticultural
system has been introduced in the region with success.
7.3.1 Multi-story vegetable model for Godda
The multi-story intercropping model of ridge gourd/bitter gourd/bottle gourd with
elephant yam was demonstrated on 3.1 ha. It could enhance net income to Rs. 7,323 per
farmer per year. The maize-yam- cowpea (barwatti) model in difficult areas nearer and
inside the forests (shifting cultivation) has also been demonstrated effectively. It was
demonstrated on 6.18 ha and its adoption has enhanced net income to Rs. 3406 per
farmer/year. Similarly intercropping of potato (Kufri-Jyoti / Kufri-Sinduri) with maize
(seed tech-900, Mahi55, etc.) was demonstrated on 71.19 ha wherein 1561 HHs were
covered and their net income was Rs. 2,508 per farmer/year. Oal (Gajendra variety)
cultivation has been appreciated by most of farmers. It has recorded highest adoption rate
to the extent of 90 percent. The demonstration of this technology was done on 10.99 ha
and the net income has enhanced to Rs. 2,464 per farmer per year, Table 7.4. Farmers have
found that the crops introduced in the project area have not only helped them in adoption
of new and better varieties with improved production and productivity but also been able
to sell their products in the market in relatively easier way. The adoption rate has been
highest in case of Oal (90 percent) and lowest in case of multi - storey inter cropping (64
percent). Total land coverage so far under various models of agriculture is about 388.78
ha benefiting about 2,400 HHs of the project area.
Eastern Plateau and Hill Region
49
Crop Number of HH Total area (ha) Initial yield (t/ha) Improved yield Enhanced income/
(t/ha) year (Rs)
Potato 1561 18.81 1.57 2.1 87000
Oal 1097 10.99 25 37 59000
Others 392 17.44 20 25 62000
Table 7.4: Income through tuber crops in Godda district
7.3.2 Enhanced income through value addition of jackfruit and other
underutilized fruits
Pickle making from jackfruit and other
underutilized NTFPs available locally in
the forest areas: The jackfruit
(Artocarpusheterophyllus or A. heterophylla)
is a species of tree in the mulberry family
(Moraceae), which is native to parts of
southern and southeast Asia. It is well
suited to tropical lowlands. According to
sources, its fruit is the largest tree-borne
fruit in the world. The fruit is nutritious,
rich in vitamins A, B and C, potassium,
calcium, iron, proteins and high in
carbohydrates. In Sunderpahari and
Godda ranges several jackfruit trees are
found in abundance in and around the forest areas of the villages selected under NAIP.
Each year a tree of jackfruit yields about 70 to 90 kg of fruits and people either self
A Jackfruit tree in Godda
Processing, preservation and packaging trainingin Godda
‘Yogini’ Pickle for Sale
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
7.4.1 Demonstration of vegetable cultivation
The improved method of vegetable cultivation was demonstrated in the field of 203
farmers of Dumka and Jamtara. Improved cultivation of tomato, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage
and other vegetables were demonstrated as per farmers preference. An average income of
Rs. 6,046 was obtained by a marginal farmer.
7.4.2 Off-season cultivation of cucurbits under low polytunnel
For off-season cultivation of cucurbits, the crop is sown in November-December in
pits in 0.5m wide channel with a pit-to-pit distance of 0.5m and channel-to-channel
distance of 3.0m. Two plants are allowed to grow in one pit. The sown crop is protected
from cold by covering the crop rows through placement of transparent polythene sheets
over low height bamboo arches. The polythene cover is removed in February with the
increase in temperature. The first harvest starts at 55-60 days after sowing and harvest
duration is 3.5 months. The farmers get more price for their produce due to early harvest.
It was demonstrated in 26 farmers fields. An income of Rs. 4,913 from bottle gourd
cultivation in (50 m2
) area has been recorded from the total harvest of 486 kg. A sum of
Rs. 15,000 was earned by Shri Bhim Roy of Roytola block, Narayanpur, Jamtara through
sale of seedlings of papaya, vegetables and forest plants grown in the polyhouse.
7.4 Target districts: Dumka and Jamtara (Jharkhand)
Sub-project: Developing Sustainable Farming System Models for Prioritized Micro
Watersheds in Rainfed Areas in Jharkhand (BAU, Ranchi)
consume it or sells it in the market at very low prices. Under the NAIP sub project in
Godda, the areas with high concentration of jackfruit were identified and their value
addition was introduced by making pickle for commercialization of this product. This
way the produce, which was underutilized in the area, has been commercialized and
generated livelihood for the rural poor. Under NAIP total 117 members of 9 SHGs were
linked with pickle making of jackfruit and other fruits available in the forest areas. The
SHG members were first provided with training on processing and preservation of the
jackfruit and other NTFPs for pickle making. Thereafter, the groups actually prepared the
product and did packaging for sale in the market. Marketing tie-ups are explored. About
1.95 t of the pickle is ready for sale and it would fetch about Rs.1.17 lakh. The promoted
brand for sale of the product is ‘Yogini’.
❑
Eastern Plateau and Hill Region
51
7.4.3 Demonstration of fruit based multi-tier cropping system
Twenty mango and guava based multi-tier orchards were established and out of which,
14 are being maintained successfully. The farmers are getting Rs. 14,045 from filler crop
(guava) and intercrops (vegetables).
7.4.4 The small ditches
Ditches of size 10’ x 10’ x 10’ were constructed in the low and medium land. These
ditches receive water through seepage that is used for irrigating small patches of horticultural
crops and nursery preparation for paddy. One small ditch is suitable for vegetable cultivation
in 0.04-0.06 ha of area. Due to its low cost, the technology has spread significantly in the
area and have lead to improved vegetable cultivation.
❑
7.5 Target districts: Bastar, Kanker and Narayanpur (Chhattisgarh)
Sub-project: Improving Rural Livelihood Security through Sustainable Integrated
Farming System Model and Allied Enterprises in Bastar Region of Chhattisgarh
7.5.1 Integrated rice-fish-duck-vegetable system for enhanced livelihood
in selected backward districts of Bastar
In major parts of Chhattisgarh, rice is taken as a mono-crop. The productivity and
income is also low. To enhance livelihood of farmers of the area integration of fish with
existing rice crop has been successfully demonstrated by NAIP in three backwards districts
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
of Chhattisgarh state namely Bastar, Kanker
and Narayanpur. After rice crop, vegetables
were cultivated to utilize residual moisture
and harvested water for fish and vegetable
cultivation. This land was traditionally left
uncultivated after rice crop. The technology
is suitable for the areas where rice crop is
waterlogged for longer duration of the
crop.
The technology involved digging of
trench of 0.45 x 0.45m (depth and width)
on the sides of rice field. Approximately, 6
to 8 percent of the area is covered by these trenches. It allowed the fishes to be in the
trenches during reduced water level in the summer season.
Integrated rice cum fish cum vegetable system was demonstrated in an area of 95 ha
covering 350 farmers. Fingerlings (rohu, mrigal, catla, common carp) were stocked with
recommended rate of 300 for 2400 m2
area. After rice crop, vegetables chilli and cabbage
were cultivated. The yield of paddy crop increased from base line value of 9.33 q/ha to
30-32 q/ha. The yield of fish and vegetable from 0.24 ha area was 25-28 kg. The net
income recorded per household from 0.24 ha was Rs. 6,000 to Rs. 12,000.
7.5.2 Gravity operated drip irrigation for vegetable cultivation- A source
of livelihood security
The study was to have a way out for low adoption of drip irrigation systems under
resource poor conditions having limited availability of water. Presently double cropped
area in Chhattisgarh is quite low around 20 percent. Most of this is under rainfed area
systems. Productivity of rainfed double cropped systems is extremely low. The region has
Eastern Plateau and Hill Region
53
only about 12-15 percent area which is double cropped with the help of irrigation.
Therefore, for double cropping more and more area was urgently required to be irrigated.
This also helped in checking migration of rural community from the area in the post rainy
season.
Drip irrigation systems was originally designed to increase water use efficiency spatially
under limited supply of water for irrigation. However, presently these are being used by
resource rich farmers under ample ground water supply situations. Since vast majority of
the farmers in the region are resource poor and water supply particular in post rainy
season is extremely limited, there is need to try this system of indigenous gravity operated
drip in badi farming condition. The technology was demonstrated on 300 farms with the
following achivement, Table 7.5.
Table 7.5: Economics of gravity drip irrigation system
* Average of 300 farmers, FP: Farmers practice, RP: Recommended Practice
Impact of innovation:
● Increased income from Rs. 5,000 to 28,000/annum/badi/family.
● Saved post rice crops (vegetables crops) from water stress.
● Increased field water use efficiency by 75 to 85 percent.
● Saved water 25 to 35 percent over flood irrigation.
● Increased 35 to 40 percent yield over flood irrigation.
● Wide acceptance among farmers.
● State Government of Chhattisgarh extended support to adaptation of drip
technology in farmers field.
Yield (kg/ha) Net Return (Rs/ha) B:C Ratio
FP* RP* FP RP FP RP
300 900 5000 28000 3.15 4.60
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Table 7.6: Effect of rainwater harvesting structures on crop yield
Parameters Traditional Improved Practice
Practice* Rice Vegetable Total
Productivity (kg/ha) 1625 2050 1000 3050
Income (Rs/ha) 11475 14950 12000 26950
Labour employed (mandays)* 33 35 10 45
Cost : Benefit Ratio 2.51 2.97 3.25 3.11
* Average of 250 farmers
7.5.3 Rice - vegetable - water harvesting system
Drought is the common phenomena in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. It occurs
once in every two years. The region receives plenty of rainfall even then drought is common
due to uneven rainfall distribution and long dry spell during crop growing periods.
Therefore, it indicates that there is no problem for water but more of proper rainwater
management. Rainwater management for drought elevation through ponds-shallow dug
well-small ditches in continuous series have been developed. This not only helped to
improve productivity of rice but also facilitated cultivation of vegetables after rice for
enhanced income. The results are presented in table 7.6
Impact of innovation:
● Generated round the year employment and income.
● 165 farmers benefitted by this interventions in 135 ha area.
● Part of water is diverted into cannel for irrigation of vegetables.
● Farmers earned additional income Rs. 8,000-13,000/year/family.
● Checked migration of rural masses.
❑
Eastern Plateau and Hill Region
55
7.6 Target districts: Sahibganj and Pakur (Jharkhand)
Sub-project: Integrated Farming System (IFS) for Enhancing Sustainable Rural
Livelihood Security in Sahibganj and Pakur Districts of Jharkhand (GVT, Ranchi)
7.6.1 Cowpea (Barbatti)
Cowpea (Barbatti) crop was grown in
Berhait cluster with low productivity of
9.0 q/ha. NAIP introduced good
management practices. During 2012-13
the number of farmers, area and
productivity increased to 26.6 ha and 13.0
q/ha, respectively. The farmers earned an
income of Rs 10,500 per HH. Line sowing
and staking increased the yield by 25
percent and marketing up-linking helped
farmers to fetch Rs. 15/kg more than
earlier.
❑
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone VIII
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND HILL REGION
Central Plateau and Hill Region includes 17 backward districts of Madhya Pradesh (7),Rajasthan (5) and Uttar Pradesh (5). Ten of these districts are covered under threesub-projects.
8. Target districts: Udaipur, Banswara, Dungarpur and Sirohi (Rajasthan)
Sub-project: Livelihood and Nutritional Security of Tribal Dominated Rural Areas
through Integrated Farming System Models (MPUAT, Udaipur)
8.1 Vegetable cultivation in backward districts of Rajasthan
Vegetable Cultivation has not only
economically empowered marginal and
small farmers but also brought social
transformation in four backward districts
of Rajasthan namely Udaipur, Banswara,
Dungarpur and Sirohi. Farmers earned
maximum from okra followed by chilli
cultivation. In Abu Road cluster of Sirohi,
more than 50 percent families have
adopted hybrid tomato cultivation.
Looking to the success, ITC signed MoU
for chilli and turmeric cultivation and
procurement in Banswara and Dungarpur
districts.
For raising disease free vegetable
seedlings and planting materials, 78 small
walk-in-tunnel type polyhouses were also
constructed. Farmers are raising seedlings
and preparing planting materials for their
own village. Shri Dilip Jati in Mavli-II
cluster earned Rs. 80,000 from small
polyhouse by raising papaya plants and
vegetable seedlings.
Central Plateau and Hill Region
57
The vegetable cultivation among small and marginal farmers in the area is gaining
popularity. More farmers are diversifying existing cropping system and adopting vegetable
cultivation for higher return. There is significant increase in area under vegetable crops
(1215 ha) benefitting more than 5500 farmers. Farmers are purchasing hybrid seeds at
their own cost. This intervention generated additional employment and income ranged
between Rs. 40,000 to 1,00,000 from 0.2 ha land. Total earnings from the vegetables is
estimated to be Rs. 70.8 million. The key lessons are
● Horticulture led to substantial economic empowerment, additional employment
generation and nutritional security.
● Increased water use efficiency through irrigation pipes and drip irrigation system
led to enhanced production and income.
❑
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone IX
WESTERN PLATEAU AND HILL REGION
Western Plateau and Hill Region of the state of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh includes7 and 5 backward districts, respectively. Under NAIP two districts form Madhya Pradesh and 7from Maharashtra were covered through the sub-projects.
9.1 Target districts: Yeotmal, Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Nandurbar and Ahmednagar
(Maharashtra)
Sub-project: Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security in Backward Districts of
Maharashtra (BAIF, Pune)
9.1.1 Livelihood security through diversification from vegetables to
pomegranate – A success story of Shri Gangadhar Nivrutti Darade
of Ahmednagar
Shri Gangadhar Nivrutti Darade is a
47 year old farmer of Devthan village of
Ahmednagar, a backward district of
Maharashtra. He owns 10 acre land under
rainfed condition. He grew tomato, chilli,
sweet potato, brinjal, etc. on his farm and
sold in the local market and earned an
income of about Rs. 10,000. With this
income he was not able to support his
family.
Under NAIP such families were identified and imparted training on pomegranate
cultivation at the MPKV, Rahuri, Ahmednagar. After that, he was provided with 300
pomegranate grafts of Bhagava variety under this project. He did not encounter any disease
problem and in June 2012 sold the produce in three installments in the local as well as
urban market.
He earned an income of about Rs 3,50,000 from one acre area by selling the produce
at Rs. 200/kg. He further expanded the area to 2 acre under pomegranate orchard. In this
way, he has set up an example in his village that a person can raise his agricultural income
by diversifying the farm activities, lowering the risk and generating self-employment.
Western Plateau and Hill Region
59
9.1.2 Vegetables, a major source of livelihood improvement which sustains
life - A success story of Shri Bhaskar Dangal Wagh of Nandurbar
Introduction of vegetable cultivation
with improved varieties and appropriate
market linkages is the main aim of MPKV,
Rahuri under NAIP project. The farmers
were provided quality seedlings of tomato
(variety Phule Raja). Bhaskar Dangal Wagh,
is one of the beneficiary farmers from
Mandane village in Nandurbar district. He
owned 11 acre land which is rainfed. He
grew jowar, bajara, pigeon-pea, mung,
cotton and vegetables crops like tomato, chilly of local variety. The productivity was low
due to unavailability of rainfall and quality seedlings. With income from his produce he
could not fulfill the family needs. Under NAIP such families were selected and imparted
the training at MPKV, Rahuri. After the training he got lots of confidence. He participated
in group discussion and on and off campus training programmes which were organized by
MPKV, Rahuri on different issues of agriculture techniques. Due to high yielding variety,
the yield has gone up and he has earned an income of Rs. 30,000 from one acre. Before
intervention he earned only Rs. 8,000/acre. Now, more area is being covered under
vegetables. The farmers are buying seedling from nursery of MPKV, Rahuri under this
project. This change in cropping system also brought about a change in the farmers income
from an average land holding. Farmers are now saying “Vegetables are the major source of
livelihood improvement which sustains life” and attribute it to NAIP project.
❑
9.2 Target districts: Aurangabad, Dhule and Gondia (Maharashtra)
Sub-project: Efficient Land use Based Integrated Farming System for Rural
Livelihood Security in Aurangabad, Dhule and Gondia Districts of Maharashtra.
(NBSS& LUP Nagpur)
9.2.1 Crop diversification, a boon to marginal farmers for sustainable
livelihood
Onion is an important crop for domestic and export marketing. Out of 77.29 lakh
MT production of onion, 50 percent population of our country consume 55.21 lakh MT,
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
export 16.71 lakh MT and losses during storage are estimated at 25.50 lakh MT. Hence,
there is a net deficit of 20.13 lakh MT onion. Looking to the other vegetable crops, onion
is a short duration crop; it has high yield potential with tremendous demand round the
year throughout the country and also has export potential. Therefore, farmers are attracted
towards onion cultivation. Laghadwal village of Sakri tehsil in Dhule district of Maharashtra
is selected for NAIP sub-project activities from April, 2009. During December, 2010,
training programmes on different aspects of agriculture including commercial vegetable
production technology for 50 beneficiaries of NAIP were conducted and also horticultural
tool kits for promotion of horticultural crops were supplied.
Taking cue from this HRD
programme, Shri Ratan Uttam Bhoye from
Laghadwal village with 7 other tribal
farmers decided to cultivate commercial
onion crop during summer season, 2010-
11. Varieties ‘N-2-4-1 and Agri Found
Light Red’ of onion were cultivated with
recommended technology on 7.20 ha area
on 8 farmers field. The average productivity
of onion was 221.5 quintals per ha with
net income of Rs. 102,765/ha during the
first year of introduction of crop. From this income some of them have constructed onion
storage structures. Results of interventions on other vegetable crops are given in table 9.1
❑
Crops Total area No. of HH Productivity (t/ha) Enhanced
(ha) (no. of modules) Initial (Ave. of Improved income
last 3 years) (Rs/ha)
Bitter gourd 0.40 10 11 15.40 66000
Okra 4.00 75 9 12.30 72600
Brinjal 0.40 05 9.5 11.30 27000
Table 9.1: Performance of improved method of cultivation in Dhule district
Western Plateau and Hill Region
61
9.3 Target districts: Jhabua and Dhar (Madhya Pradesh)
Sub-project: Integrated Farming System for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods in
Undulating and Rainfed Areas of Jhabua and Dhar District of Madhya Pradesh
(RVSKVV, Gwalior)
Tribal dominated disadvantaged district Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh is characterized by
undulating topography, fragmented holdings, rainfed farming, shallow and eroded soils,
low and stagnant crop productivity and low income from ancestral farming. To enhance
income of the farmers of the area, an attempt was made to introduce improved vegetable
cultivation under NAIP. Some of the success stories are as under:
9.3.1 Introduction and promotion of vegetables and spices in Dhar and
Jhabua
Vegetable crops viz., tomato, lady-finger, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, pumpkin, chilli
and spices like onion, garlic, ginger and coriander were introduced and promoted in the
area of 56.6 ha at the field of 203 farmers. The major interventions were ridge sowing,
drip method of irrigation and fertigation, polythene mulching, staking in tomato and
improved production technologies. The improved varieties were Shaktiman (tomato),
US 611(chilli), AFDR and Nasik 53 (onion), BE 707 (brinjal), Jai kisan (lady finger)
and Swanharit (Palak). The productivity of chilli, tomato and onion was 21.00, 31.40
and 10.08, respectively. Farmers got net profit in between Rs. 0.99 to 2.10 lakh/ha from
vegetable cultivation.
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Awareness among the farmers has increased for nursery management and introduction
of vegetables and spices crops. The major interventions were introduction of vegetables/
spices, varietal substitution, IPM, INM and IWM techniques. A total of 20 low cost net/
poly houses were established against the project target of 12. The production of vegetables
/ spices in the project area has sharply increased as during 2010-11 a total of 155 farm
families and 62 ha area were covered under these interventions. The farmers have earned
up to Rs 1,42,700/ha/year from the cultivation of these vegetables and spices.
9.3.2 Pumpkin cultivation: A new source of livelihood security in tribal
farmers – A success story
Shri Anand Singh S/o Ajay Singh village Avalia Block Nalcha District Dhar is 35
years old farmer having 8.2 ha of land. Initially he was growing field crops namely soybean/
maize in Kharif while gram in Rabi. By growing these crops he was earning only
Rs 30,000/ha/year. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhar under NAIP provided capacity building
trainings and motivation to adopt high tech vegetable cultivation. After learning scientific
knowledge of pumpkin cultivation from KVK, Dhar the tremendous change was seen in
his livelihood. He got an yield of 212 q/ha and sold it at Rs. 800/quintal in local and
Indore market and thus earned about Rs. 1,69,600, an increase of about Rs 1.4 lakh. He
is now a successful pumpkin growing farmer.
Western Plateau and Hill Region
63
9.3.3 Watermelon cultivation promotes prosperity in tribal areas – A
success story
Shri Khadak Singh S/o Shanker Singh
village Avalia Block Nalcha District Dhar
is 36 years old having 5 ha of land. Initially,
he was growing field crops namely
soybean/maize in Kharif while gram in
Rabi. By growing these crops he was
earning only Rs 32,000/ha/year. Krishi
Vigyan Kendra, Dhar under NAIP,
provided capacity building trainings and
motivation to adopt high tech vegetable
cultivation. After learning scientific
knowledge of watermelon cultivation from
KVK, Dhar the tremendous change was seen in his livelihood. He got an yield of 425 q/
ha and sold his produce for Rs.1000/quintal in local and Indore market and thus earned
about Rs. 4,25,000, an increase of about Rs. 3.93 lakh. He is now a successful watermelon
growing farmer in the area.
9.3.4 Farmer’s innovation - An innovative irrigation technique for vegetable
cultivation (ICAR Website)
Shri Ramash Bariya S/o Shri Java is a beneficiary
famer from Rotla village of district Jhabua. After
interaction with NAIP-KVK scientists during 2009-
10, Shri Ramesh started vegetable cultivation on small
area during rainy and winter seasons and got more
profit. With this encouragement, he decided to grow
cucurbits viz., bitter guard, and sponge guard in late
summer season of 2012-13 in 0.1 ha area. He prepared
nursery in May 2012 and sowed these crops (12 line
bitter guard and 3 line spongy guard) in 1st
week of
June 2012. During the early growing stage of these
crops, he faced acute shortage of irrigation water due
to delayed monsoon. Shri Ramesh was worried about
failure of his crops. Then he discussed with NAIP
scientists and got advice for adoption of an innovative
irrigation technique using waste glucose bottle. In this
technique, a cut is made at the top of waste glucose
bottle for filling of water and discharge of water could be regulated by regulator system.
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Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Shri Ramesh was firm to save his vegetable crops, hence he purchased 6 kg waste
glucose bottles (350 in numbers) for Rs. 20/kg and cut the bottom of bottle for filling of
water. These bottles were hanged with the help of stacked plant. Ramesh instructed to his
children to fill these bottles with water before they went to school in morning. He used
the regulator for supply of water drip by drip. Thus, Ramesh saved his crop from drought
due to delayed monsoon and got net profit Rs. 15,200 from 0.1 ha land till date. It
indicates that a tribal farmer can get about Rs 1.50 to 1.70 lakhs/ ha in one season of
vegetable cultivation by adopting this new innovative technique of irrigation even in
remote tribal undulating hilly soils.
In recognition of his achievements Shri Ramesh was awarded with certificate of
appreciation by district administration on Independence Day on 15.08.2012 and by
Hon’ble Minister of Agriculture, Madhya Pradesh Government on Foundation day of
RVSKVV on 19.08.2012.
❑
Southern Plateau and Hill Region
65
Zone X
SOUTHERN PLATEAU AND HILL REGION
10.1 Target districts: Bidar (Karnataka)
Sub-project: Nutrition, Livelihood Security through Resource and Enterprise
Management in Bidar district (UAS, Raichur)
10.1.1 Integrated disease management in ginger - A success story of Shri
Devidas Raamu Pawar
Ginger is the main commercial crop in
Bidar district of Karnataka. More than 90%
of the ginger growing farmers, like Shri
Devidas Ramu Pawar resident of Alipur,
Humnabad, Bidar, Karnataka are facing
Rhyzome Rot Disease complex. Hence, the
KVK and NAIP, conducted demonstrations
on an Integrated Disease Management of
ginger rhyzome rot complex for controlling
the disease and adding to the livelihood of
the farmers. It included selection of healthy
seed material, seed treatment with metalaxil-MZ at 0.6 percent, soil application- 1q neem
cake along with 1kg trichoderma at the time of planting and cultivation of castor as a
mixed crop.
In the plot where in the farmers practice was followed, 20.5 percent disease incidence
was noticed with an average yield of 50.10 q/ha. However, in the farmers plot with the
improved practice, 10.10 percent disease incidence was registered with an average yield of
90.00 q/ha. The cost of cultivation incurred in the farmers practice was Rs. 1,37,500/ha
as compared to Rs. 1,43,938/ha in IDM plot. The net profit gained was Rs. 113,000/ha
and Rs. 3,06,062/ha, respectively in farmers practice and IDM plot. Hence, the difference
in the profit gained in the farmers practice and IDM was Rs. 1,93,062/ha with the
Backward areas in Southern Plateau and Hill Region includes 8, 3 and 4 districts in AndhraPradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (TN), respectively. Four NAIP sub-projects for livelihoodimprovement were approved covering 8, 2 and 4 of these districts in Andhra Pradesh, Karnatakaand Tamil Nadu, respectively.
6666
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
10.2 Target districts: Chitradurga (Karnataka)
Sub-project: Livelihood Security of Rural Poor in Disadvantaged Chitradurga
Districts of Karnataka through Integrated Farming Systems Approach (UAS,
Bangalore)
10.2.1 Impact of INM / IPDM and Arka kalyan variety on onion production
Karnataka is one of the major onion producing states in the country with an area of
2 lakh ha and the total production of 27.21 lakh t. The state ranks fourth in terms of
onion productivity in India with an average productivity of 1361 kg/ha.
Before the inception of the NAIP the farmers of Chitradurga district were growing
only local varieties with improper and often unscientific management of nutrient, pests
and diseases. Farmers growing local varieties suffered yield loss to the extent of 30-50
percent due to heavy infestation of pests (thrips) and diseases (purple blotch). Apart from
yield loss, quality of the bulbs was also poor. Hence, scientific cultivation of onion was
introduced in the district to increase the yield, income and horizontal spread of the
technologies under NAIP.
The selected farmers from the cluster villages of the district were given the inputs
required for 0.4 ha area each, besides training on improved cultivation practices through
farmers field school for three years (2009-12). The analysis of the overall impact of Arka
kalyan variety indicated that the productivity of onion increased by 53 percent (from 18
additional benefit of saving environment and soil fertility. A large number of farmers are
now practicing the recommended practices.
❑
Southern Plateau and Hill Region
67
to 27.5 t/ha) due to INM and IPDM as against 23 percent (from 18 to 22.2 t/ha) in local
variety. Thus, at an average price of Rs 8/kg, the farmers obtained Rs 68,625/ha additional
income through adoption of improved cultivation practices viz., high yielding variety
(Arka kalyan), INM and IPDM practices. The total net gain was to the extent of
Rs. 34,825/ha due to INM and IPDM practices in Satara Red with an incremental benefit
to the additional cost ratio of 3.82. Whereas, cv. Arka kalyan gave the total net gain of
Rs. 68,625/ha and the incremental benefit to the additional cost ratio of 9.30 with INM
and IPDM. Apart from enhancement in productivity (53 percent) and income (35 percent),
the improved variety and improved practice generated an additional employment of 30
mandays/ha, Table 10.1
❑
10.3 Target districts: Adilabad, Khammam, Srirangagareddy, Nalgonda, Kadappah,
Mahaboobnagar, Ananthpur, Warangal (Andhra Pradesh)
Sub-project: Sustainable Rural Livelihoods through Enhanced Farming System
Productivity and Efficient Support Systems in Rainfed Areas, (CRIDA, Hyderabad)
The major constraints in horticultural cultivation in backward districts of Andhra
Pradesh are poor nutrient and water management in the existing orchards and poor market
linkages. To overcome it, the project introduced balanced nutrient and judicious water
management practices and facilitated buyback arrangements.
10.3.1 Introduction of summer vegetables
The lands were kept fallow during the summer
season due to water scarcity, and the farmers used
to move out of the village in search of work. To
overcome it, number of farm ponds were
constructed and renovated to improve water
availability in the area. Subsequently, the farmers
were motivated to cultivate vegetable during
summer for higher returns. To encourage more
Crop Number of HH Total area Initial yield Improved yield Enhanced income
(ha) (t/ha) (t/ha) (Rs/ha/year)
Onion-Arka kalyan 200 100 18 27.5 76000
Table 10.1: Performance of Arka kalyan in Chitradurga district, Karnataka
6868
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
farmers to take-up vegetable cultivation, the Navakalapana society has started supplying
the suitable quality seed/ planting material. The returns obtained from the summer vegetable
cultivation was up to Rs 1,06,990/acre during 2010-11.
10.3.2 Effect of mulching in vegetable cultivation
To create awareness on advantages of mulching, demonstrations on plastic mulching
were conducted in commercial crops (watermelon) and vegetable (brinjal). The results
indicated an enhanced income of Rs. 37,875/ha from watermelon and Rs. 50,000 from
brinjal, Table 10.2
Technology Farmers Yield (kg/ha) Income (Rs/ha/year)
covered Pre Post Pre Post
(No.) intervention intervention intervention intervention
Plastic mulching in 16 45 t 55 t 55,000 92875
commercial crops like
water melon
Mulching in vegetables 10 20 t 25 t 2,00,000 2,50,000
like brinjal
Table 10.2: Effect of plastic mulching on yeild and income
10.3.3 Strengthening market linkages for enhanced income
Mango farmers of the area disposed off their produce by awarding rights of their
orchards to local contractors at very low prices. In the process the farmers were not realizing
desired profit margins. Keeping this in view, a sustained effort was made to sell the produce
directly to retail marketing company which offers to buy mangoes directly from the farm
gate. After a slow start, the intervention picked up. The overall transaction through this
intervention over the project period was over Rs.35.00 lakhs and the average profit was
higher by 24 percent. Now that the farmers have come to know the benefits of marketing
Southern Plateau and Hill Region
69
mangoes directly with the retail chain operators, they have picked up the good harvesting
and transport practices promoted by the project and are now capable of independently
dealing with the marketing issue.
10.3.4 Turmeric cultivation
In addition to promoting pulses and
vegetables, turmeric was also introduced as
a new crop during kharif 2010. In the first
year only two farmers were supported with
seed material, sufficient to sow in 1.5 acres.
Witnessing the significant profits (i.e.
Rs. 80,000 to 1,00,000/acre) made by these
farmers, during Kharif 2011, nearly 25
farmers purchased turmeric seed on their
own and sowed in 20 acres. Of the two
farmers who cultivated turmeric during
Kharif 2010, one farmer could supply seed
to5 fellow farmers. Altogether, in addition to establishing a diversified crop environment
in the area, the seed intervention also helped a few women to regain their traditional role
of seed management. A few farmers took up seed production in pulses and turmeric ensuring
restoration and sustainability of crop biodiversity.
10.3.5 Community shade net for quality seedlings - A necessity
The potential of the cluster for
vegetable production during Rabi and
summer seasons was well understood in the
project. However, lack of availability of
good quality seedlings was an issue.
Though there were some nurseries in the
area, they were far away from the cluster
and involved large transportation cost
leading to higher cost of cultivation. A
shade net was established during the second
year of the project and a commodity interest
group was promoted to take up production
and sale of good quality vegetable seedlings.
During the year, the nursery produced over two lakh vegetable seedlings (tomato-1,55,000;
chilies-40,000; brinjal-18,000). Over 500 mandays of labour and sale value of Rs. 50,000
were generated by this enterprise.
❑
7070
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone XII
WEST COAST PLAINS AND GHATS REGION
12.1 Target districts: Wayanad (Kerala)
Sub-project: Comprehensive, Multi-Enterprise Project for Addressing the
Agrarian Crisis of Wayanad District of Kerala (RRS KAU, Wayanad)
12.1.1 Promoting farmer participatory procurement and marketing of farm
produce – VFPCK ( Vegetable and Fruit Council, Kerala) Model
Marketing of farm produce was a focused intervention under the sub-project aimed
to facilitate enhanced income. The concept revolved around motivating the farmers to
collectively market their farm produce, avoiding the role of middlemen. Under the sub-
project, 17 collection points (farmer owned markets) and one retail outlet for the collection
and marketing of farm produce was established. Transportation and necessary infrastructure
for these markets were provided. It has helped large number of farmers in enhanced
income. The salient achievements of these centres were:
● Agricultural produce handled – 2272.3 t with a value of Rs 4.2 crores
● Provided transportation facility for 224 t of agricultural produce to distant markets
● 700 farmers benefitted
Wayanad (Kerala) is one of the backward district of West Coast Plains and Ghat Region.Research on livelihood improvement of the farmers of the district was undertaken by KeralaAgricultural University in consortium mode.
West Coast Plains and Ghats Region
71
12.1.2 Gender empowerment in vegetable cultivation
Under the sub-project 5 women SHG were constituted for nursery management (3)
and vegetable seed production (2). The interventions has helped these members in earning
average income of Rs. 36,210.
12.1.3 Organic farming
Under the sub-project one of the
consortium partners Wayanad Social Service
Society equipped about 1500 farmers to get
their farm certification under organic
certification programme by M/s LACON
International. They are already practicing
organic farming. Under the project totally
300 farmers have been awarded organic
certification; 1200 farmers are also in the
transition stage. An area of 2857 acres has
been transformed to certified organic
cultivation. Organically produced spices are being exported under the brand name “Wayanad
Classics”.This intervention has helped the farmers in following ways:
● Collected 85 t (this year 30 t) of organic ginger and 8.3 t (this year 2t) of organic
turmeric and processed and exported and provided 40 percent premium price for
ginger and 30 percent premium price for turmeric.
● Collected 24 t of green pepper from farmers and provided 40 percent of premium
price to farmers
● Collected 12.3 t of Black pepper and provided 25 to 35 percent of premium
price to farmers
● Collected 74 t (This year 20 t) of coffee from farmers and provided 20 to 30
percent premium price to farmers
❑
7272
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Zone XIII
GUJARAT PLAINS AND HILLS REGION
13.1. Target districts: Banaskantha, Dahod, Dangs (Gujarat)
Sub-project: Integrated Project for Research on Development Process and
Sustainability of Livelihood in Disadvantaged Districts of Gujarat State (SDAU,
Krushinagar, Banaskantha)
13.1.1 Drip irrigation
The backward districts of Gujarat face
water scarcity. To overcome it, drip/
sprinkler irrigation has been promoted in
326.80 ha area under the above subproject.
Due to MIS 30.00 percent irrigation water
was saved which has resulted in to 62.53
ha additional area under Rabi cultivation.
Subsequently, vegetable cultivation
through improved technology including
HYV, drip irrigation system has been
introduced. The consolidated results are
given in table 13.1
13.1.2 Success story of Shri Jenabhai
Prior to NAIP interventions Shri Jena Bhai grew maize, bajra, castor and fodder on
his farm and earned a net income of Rs 53,000 from about 1.9 ha area. He was motivated
Intervention HH Area Additional Net income,
covered covered (ha) (non-beneficiary) HH (Rs/year)
Vegetables (chilli, clusterbean, 732 122.08 108 37387 /HH
okra, brinjal, cowpea, etc.) or 224175/ha
Table 13.1: Impact of improved vegetable cultivation
There are six backward districts in (Gujarat Plains and Hill Region). NAIP subproject forlivelihood improvement of 3 of these districts was implemented with SDAU, Krushinagaras lead centre.
Gujarat Plains and Hills Region
73
to adopt various technological interventions. He started cultivating vegetables after
implementation of NAIP. His whole farm is under drip irrigation. He is raising vegetable
seedling in greenhouse for his own purpose as well as for selling to other farmers. Through
vegetable cultivation his income has doubled. He has constructed pucca house and
purchased motor cycle from this additional income. Details of vegetables earning is given
in table 10.2.
Thus, only by cultivating vegetables his income is doubled. Shri Jenabhai Sangrambhai
Taral of village Sanali has been awarded for progressive farming by Hon’ble. Chief Minister,
Gujarat State on 10.05.2012.
❑
Previous crop Previous income Vegetable Area Gross income Increase in
(Rs) grown (ha) (Rs) income (Rs)
Maize 12000 Cluster bean 0.26 20200 8200
Bajra 7000 Cow pea 0.50 10100 3100
Castor 24500 Okra 0.76 44300 19800
Fodder 9500 Cauliflower 0.38 34400 24900
53000 Total 1.90 109000 56000
Table 10.2: Enhanced income of a vegetable grown through NAIP interventions
7474
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix I
Zone wise distribution of backward districts in India
Zones States Districts Names Major characteristics
(Planning Commission, 1989)
I. West Himachal Pradesh Chamba Ladakh, Kashmir, Punjab,
Himalayan Jammu and Kashmir Doda, Kupwara Jammu, etc. brown soils and
Region Uttarakhand Champawat, Tehri Garhwal silty loam, steep slopes.
II. East Arunachal Pradesh Upper Subansiri Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim
Himalayan Assam Kokrajhar, N. Cachar Hills, Karbi Darjeeling, Manipur, etc.
Anglong, Dhemaji, N. Lakhmipur high rainfall and high forest
Manipur Tamenlong covers heavy soil erosion,
Meghalaya South Garo Hills floods.
Mizoram Siaha
Nagaland Mon
Sikkim N. Sikkim
Tripura Dhalai
III. Lower West Bengal Malda, W. Midnapur, Bankura, West Bengal soil mostly alluvial
Gangetic Plain Dinajpur, Murshidabad and are prone to floods.
IV. Middle Bihar Araria, Vaishali, Gaya, Madhubani, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, high
Gangetic Plain Muzaffarpur, Nawadah, Samastipur, rainfall 39 percent irrigation,
Sheohar, Katihar, Jamui, Lakhisarai, cropping intensity 142 percent
Monghyr, Purnea, Supaul, Darbhanga
Uttar Pradesh Sonabhadra, Mirzapur, Kushinagar
V. Upper Uttar Pradesh Unnao, Raebareli, Sitapur, Hardoi, North region of Uttar Pradesh
Gangetic Plain Fatehpur, L. Kheri, Barabanki (32 districts) irrigated by canal
and tube wells good ground
water
VI. Trans Haryana Mewat Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, highest
Gangetic Plain Punjab Hoshiarpur sown area, irrigated high
VII. Eastern Chattisgarh Bastar, Dantewada, Kanker, Korbia, Chota Nagpur, Garhjat hills,
Plateau and Sarguja, Jaspur, Dhamtari, Raigarh, Madhya Pradesh, W. Banghel-
Hills Bilaspur, Rajnandgaon khand plateau, Orissa, soil
shallow to medium sloppy,
Jharkhand Saraikela, Singhbhum West, Godda, undulating irrigation tank and
Simdega, Gumla, Chatra, Garhwa, tube wells.
Palamau, Latehur, Lohardagga,
Dumka, Jamtara, Sehebganj, Pakur
Madhya Pradesh Umaria, Shahdol, Balaghat
Maharashtra Gadchiroli, Gondya, Chandrapur,
Bhandara
Appendix
75
Orissa Koraput, Malkangiri, Nabarangpur,
Rayagada, Mayurbhanj, Sundergarh,
Keonjhar, Phulbani, Boudh, Nuapada,
Kalahandi, Sambalpur, Deogarh,
Jharsuguda, Sonepur, Bolangir,
Dhenkanal
West Bengal Purulia
VIII. Central Madhya Pradesh Mandla, Barwani, Shivpuri, Sidhi,
Plateau and Tikamgarh, Chattarpur, Betul
Hills Rajasthan Banswara, Dungarpur, Udaipur,
Sirohi, Karauli
Uttar Pradesh Lalitpur, Banda, Chitrakoot, Mahoba,
Hamirpur
IX. Western Madhya Pradesh Jhabua, Khargone, Khandwa, Sahyadry, Rainfall 904 mm,
Plateau and Seopur, Dhar Sown area 65 percent,
Hills Maharashtra Dhule, Nandurbar, Hingoli, Nanded, forest 11 percent,
Aurangabad, Ahemdnagar, Yawatmal irrigation 12.4 percent
X. Southern Andhra Pradesh Adilabad, Mahbubnagar, Rangareddy, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
Plateau and Khammam, Warangal, Nalgonda, Karnataka, typically semi and
Hilly Region Anantpur, Cudappah zone, dry land farming
Karnataka Chitradurga, Davanagere, Bidar 81 percent cropping
Tamilnadu Tiruvannamalia, Cuddalore, intensity 11 percent
Villupuram, Nagapattinam
XI. East Coast Orissa Ganjam Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
Plateau and Odisha, soil, alluvial, coastal
Hilly Region sand, irrigation
XII. West Coast Kerala Wayanad Sourashtra, Maharashtra, Goa,
Plains and Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, variety
Ghat Region of cropping pattern, rainfall
and soil types
XIII. Gujarat Plains Gujarat Dangs, Dohad, Panch Mahals, Gujarat (19 districts) low rainfall
and Hills Sabarkantha, Narmada, Banaskantha arid zone. Irrigation 32 percent
Region well and tube wells
Zones States Districts Names Major characteristics
(Planning Commission, 1989)
❑
7676
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
1. Sushil Kumar is now a Lakhpati Farmer, Thanks to Vegetables Pea
2. Commercial Banana production-A boon to small and marginal farmers for
sustainable livelihood
3. Economic security for riverbed farmers through integrated interventions in
vegetables
4. Livelihood generation for marginal and small farmers through integrated
interventions of vegetable at Tera village of Raebareli
5. Conversion of a non-vegetable producing area into hub of vegetable production
and assuring reasonable livelihood and nutritional security
6. Farmer’s innovation - An innovative irrigation technique for vegetable
cultivation
7. Livelihood Security through livestock based farming system for small land
holders in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh
❑
List of various success stories on ICAR website and in ICAR Reporter
Appendix II
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix
77
Susta
inable
Liv
esto
ck
Based F
arm
ing S
yste
m
for L
ivelihood S
ecurity
in H
oshia
rpur D
istr
ict of
Punja
b
Goat
Husbandry based
Inte
grate
d A
pproach fo
Liv
elihood S
ecurity in
Dis
advanta
ged D
istr
icts
of B
undelk
hand R
egio
n
Holistic A
pproach For
Improvin
g Liv
elihood
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Guru A
ngad D
ev V
ete
rin
ary and A
nim
al
Scie
nces U
niv
ersity, Ludhia
na
Regio
nal R
esearch S
tation (
PA
U), B
allow
al
Saunkhri, D
istr
ict S
haheed B
hagat S
ingh N
agar
(P
unja
b)
Dair
y D
evelo
pm
ent D
epartm
ent S
CO
1106-07,
Secto
r 22-B
, C
handig
arh,
Punja
b
The U
nati C
o-operative M
arketing-cum
-
Processin
g S
ocie
ty L
imited, Talw
ara.
Centr
al In
stitu
te for R
esearch on G
oats
,
Makhdoom
, Farah-281122,
Math
ura,
U.P
.
In
dia
n G
rassla
nd &
Fodder R
esearch In
stitu
te,
Jhansi
Centr
al A
via
n R
esearch In
stitu
te,
Izatn
agar,
Dis
tric
t- B
areilly
(U
P)
B. N
. V. A
gric
ulture C
ollege, R
ath
, D
istt.
Ham
irpur (
UP
)
Chandra S
hekar A
zad U
niv
ersity of A
gric
ulture
& Technolo
gy,
Kanpur (U
P)
Centr
al S
oil a
nd W
ate
r C
onservation R
esearch &
Train
ing In
stitu
te, R
esearch C
entr
e, D
atia, (M
P)
Div
isio
n o
f P
ath
olo
gy, In
dia
n V
ete
rin
ary
Research Institu
te, Iz
atn
agar-243122, B
areilly
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Guru A
ngadD
ev V
ete
rin
ary and
Anim
al S
cie
nces U
niv
ersity,
Firozepur R
oad,
Ludhia
na-141004
Punja
b
Directo
r
Centr
al In
stitu
te for R
esearch on
Goats
, M
akhdoom
, P
O Farah,
Math
ura-281122U
ttar P
radesh
(http://w
ww
.cirg.res.in
)
Directo
r
India
n V
ete
rin
ary R
esearch Institu
te,
Dr. A
.L. S
ain
i
Prof-cum
-H
ead,
Deptt.
of LP
M
Em
ail: sain
ial@
yahoo.c
o.in
Dr. M
.K.
Sin
gh
Senio
r S
cie
ntist, A
nim
al
geneic
s &
Breedin
g D
ivis
ion
Em
ail: m
anoj@
cirg.r
es.in
Dr. R
.B. R
ai
Prin
cip
al S
cie
ntist
Co
nta
ct A
dd
resses o
f C
on
so
rtiu
m L
ead
ers
an
d C
on
so
rtiu
m P
rin
cip
al
Investi
gato
rs o
f vari
ou
s S
ub
-pro
jects
Appen
dix I
II
1 2 3
Appendix
7878
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Security Through
Liv
esto
ck based
Farm
ing S
yste
m in
Barabanki and R
aebareli
dis
tric
ts o
f U
.P.
Susta
inable
Rural
Liv
elihood S
ecurity
through In
tegrate
d
Approach in
H
ingoli
and N
anded D
istr
icts
of
Maharashtr
a
Farm
ing s
yste
ms for
livelihood s
ecurity o
f
sm
all a
nd m
argin
al
farm
ers in
dis
advanta
ged d
istr
icts
of Tam
il N
adu
Centr
al In
stitu
te for S
ubtr
opic
al H
orticulture,
Rehm
ankhera,
Lucknow
-227 017,
India
C.I.R
.G., M
akhdoom
(IC
AR
) P
C unit,
P.O
.
Farah–281 122, M
ath
ura (U
.P.)
CA
RI, Izatn
agar, B
areilly
-243122
Agri-
Plu
s Inte
rnational, F
-14/14 3
rd F
loor,
Model
Tow
n 2nd D
elh
i-1100090
Shiv
Sahitya P
aris
had, #
J-94, A
ashiy
ana,
Luckno
w
C.S
.S.R
.I., R
.R.S
., Jail R
oad,
Opp.K
anshi R
am
Sm
arak,
Lucknow
Maharashtr
a A
nim
al and F
ishery S
cie
nces
Univ
ersity, S
em
inary H
ills
, N
agpur 4
40 0
06
Maharashtr
a
CoA
E (M
AU
),P
arbhani
Dr. B
abasahebA
mbedkarM
arath
wada U
niv
ersity
(D
r. B
AM
U),
Aurangabad
Kris
hi V
igyan K
endra,T
ondapur Tq.
Kala
mnuri
Dis
tt. H
ingoli
Chaitali S
hevabhavi S
ansth
a, H
ingoli
Faculty o
f A
gric
ulture, A
nnam
ala
i U
niv
ersity,
Annam
ala
i N
agar.
Dhan F
oundation, N
o-18, P
illa
yar K
oil S
treet,
S.S
. C
olo
ny, A
rasaradi, M
adurai-
10
Vedapuri K
VK
, K
ilnelli V
illa
ge, C
hithath
oor P
ost,
Cheyyar (TK
), Thiruvannam
ala
i D
t
BM
T K
VK
, S
engip
atti, M
anayerip
atti, T
am
il
Nadu
Izatn
agar, B
areilly
-243122,
Uttar P
radesh
(http://w
ww
.iv
ri.nic
.in
)
Vic
e-C
hancellor,
Maharashtr
a A
nim
al &
Fis
hery
Scie
nces U
niv
ersity, S
em
inary H
ills
,
Nagpur-440006 M
aharashtr
a
Vic
e-C
hancellor,
Annam
ala
i U
niv
ersity,
Annam
ala
inagar - 608 002
Em
ail: drrbrai@
yahoo.c
o.in
Dr. P
. G
. W
asnik
College of D
air
y T
echnolo
gy
Em
ail:
pgw
asnik
@gm
ail.com
Pusad-445 204 (M
S)
Dr. R
.M. K
ath
iresan
Dean
Em
ail:
rm
.kath
iresan@
sify.c
om
4 5 6
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix
79
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Liv
e B
etter w
ith the
Flo
od - A
n A
pproach
for S
usta
inable
Liv
elihood S
ecurity in
Dis
tric
t D
hem
aji, A
ssam
Susta
inable
Liv
elihood
Improvem
ent through
Inte
grate
d F
reshw
ate
r
Aquaculture,
Horticulture and
Liv
esto
ck D
evelo
pm
ent
in M
ayurbhanj, K
eonjh
ar
and S
am
balp
ur D
istr
icts
of O
ris
sa
Enhancem
ent
of
Liv
elihood S
ecurity
through S
usta
inable
Farm
ing S
yste
ms a
nd
Rela
ted F
arm
Ente
rpris
es
in N
orth
-W
est H
imala
ya.
Action for Food P
roduction (A
FP
RO
),
25/1A
,
Institu
tional A
rea,
Pankha R
oad,
D B
lock,
Janakpuri, N
ew
D
elh
i-110058 (Task Force:
Pub
Sarania
, B
ye lane N
o. 4 (
West)
, G
uw
ahati,
Assam
, P
in-781 003)
North
Easte
rn R
egio
nal In
stitu
te of W
ate
r and
Land M
anagem
ent
(N
ER
IWA
LM
),
Dola
bari,
Tezpur-784027,
Assam
kris
hi V
igyan K
endra, S
ilapath
ar D
hem
aji -
78
70
59
Rural V
olu
nte
ers C
entr
e (
RV
C), V
illa
ge &
PO
.
Akaja
n, V
ia-S
ilapath
ar D
istr
ict: D
hem
aji (A
ssam
)
- 787 059
Aquaculture P
roduction and Environm
ent
Div
isio
n, C
entr
al In
stitu
te o
f F
reshw
ate
r
Aquaculture (IC
AR
),
Bhubanesw
ar-
751002.O
ris
sa.
Centr
al H
orticultural Experim
ent
Sta
tion (IIH
R),
NH
-5,
Aig
inia
, B
hubanesw
ar-751019
Centr
al A
via
n R
esearch In
stitu
te (C
AR
I),
Regio
nal C
entr
e,
Khandagiri, In
front
of K
alinga
Stu
dio
, B
hubanesw
ar-751019
Centr
e for D
evelo
pm
ent R
esearch and Train
ing
(C
EN
DER
ET),
Xavie
r In
stitu
te of M
anagem
ent
(XIM
B), B
hubanesw
ar-751002, O
ris
sa
Viv
ekanand P
arvatiya K
ris
hi A
nusandhan S
ansth
an
(IC
AR
) A
lmora,
Uttarakhand vpkas@
nic
.in
Kris
hi V
igan K
endra,
Kupw
ara,K
ashm
ir,
C
/o
Faculty o
f A
gric
ulture , W
adore, S
apore J
am
mu
and K
ashm
ir -193201
Sh.
D.K
. M
anavala
n
Executive D
irecto
r, A
ction for food
Production,
25/1 A
, In
stitu
tional
Area, D
Blo
ck, Janakpuri, P
ankha
Road,
New
D
elh
i - 110058
Directo
r
Centr
al In
stitu
te o
f F
reshw
ate
r
Aquaculture,
Bhubanesw
ar-751002
Odis
ha
Directo
r
Viv
ekanand P
arvatiya K
ris
hi
Anusandhan S
ansth
an,
Alm
ora-263601 U
ttarakhand
(http://w
ww
.vpkas.nic
.in
)
Mr. P
ankaj B
ezbaruah
Unit M
anager
Em
ail:
pankajb
ezbaruah@
gm
ail.c
om
Dr. S
aroj K
um
ar S
wain
Prin
cip
al S
cie
ntist
Em
ail:
sw
ain_saro
j2002@
rediffm
ail.com
and
sarojs
wain
2008@
gm
ail.c
om
Dr P
. K
. A
graw
al
Prin
cip
al S
cie
ntist &
Head,
Div
isio
n of C
rop Im
provem
ent
Em
ail:
paw
ancrri@
yahoo.co.in
7 8
Appendix
8080
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Liv
elihood Im
provem
ent
and Em
pow
erm
ent
of
Rural P
oor th
rough
Susta
inable
Farm
ing
Syste
ms in N
orth
East
India
Directo
r R
esearch, D
irecto
rate
of R
esearch,
Sher-e-K
ashm
ir, U
niv
ersity o
f A
gric
ultural
Scie
nces and Technolo
gy,
Jam
mu,
Chath
a,
Jam
mu (J&
K)- 180009
Directo
rate
of Exte
nsio
n,
Ch.S
KH
PK
V,
Pala
mpur: 176062 (
HP
)
GB
PU
AT,
Ranic
hauri Tehri G
arhw
al (U
A)
CS
WC
RTI, 218,
Kaula
garh R
oad,
Dehradun
248195 (U
K),
dhyanib
ld@
rediffm
ail.c
om
GB
PIH
ED
, K
osi-
Kata
rm
al, A
lmora -263643(U
K)
bpkothyari@
yahoo.com
IIT D
elh
i, 110016 pm
vs@
mech.iitd.a
c.in
BA
IF, G
yanlo
k c
olo
ny, K
ankhal,H
arid
war –
249408 (U
A)
ICA
R R
C N
EH
, U
mia
m,
Meghala
ya-793103
Centr
al A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity Im
phal – 7
95
004,
M
anip
ur
SA
SR
D,N
agala
nd U
niv
ersity, M
edzip
hem
a,
Nagala
nd -797 106
Miz
oram
Univ
ersity, D
epartm
ent of F
orestr
y,
Tanhril C
am
pus, P.B
. N
o. – 190, A
izw
al,
Miz
oram
NER
IST,
Div
isio
n of A
gril.
Engg., N
irju
li,
Itanagar, A
runachal P
radesh,
791109
India
n C
ardam
om
R
esearch In
stitu
te,
Gangto
k.India
n C
ardam
om
R
esearch In
stitu
te,
Regio
nal S
tation,
(M
inis
try of C
om
merce and
Industr
y,
GO
I),
Gangto
k 737 102.
Sik
kim
Directo
r
ICA
R R
es.
Com
ple
x for N
EH
Regio
n,
Um
roi R
oad,
Ri-
Bhoi-
793103, M
eghala
ya
Dr. S
.V.
Ngachan
Directo
r IC
AR
R
es.
Com
ple
x
for N
EH
R
egio
n U
mroi R
oad
Ri-
Bhoi-
793103 M
eghala
ya
9
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix
81
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Improvin
g Liv
elihood
Quality
in S
alt-A
ffecte
d
Wate
rsheds o
f
Muzaffarpur and
Sheohar D
istr
icts
of
Bih
ar
Multi Ente
rpris
e F
arm
ing
Models
to
A
ddress th
e
Agraria
n C
ris
is o
f
Wayanad D
istr
ict of
Kerala
Inte
rnational W
ate
r M
anagem
ent In
stitu
te, N
ew
Delh
i R
egio
nal R
epresenta
tive C
G B
lock, N
AR
S
Com
ple
x, D
PS
M
arg, N
ew
D
elh
i – 12.
Inte
rnational Liv
esto
ck R
esearch In
stitu
te,
New
Delh
i.R
egio
nal R
epresenta
tive IL
RI S
outh
A
sia
C/O
IC
RIS
AT D
elh
i O
ffic
e N
ew
D
elh
i – 12
Zilla
Paris
had, D
hala
i, T
rip
ura, P
O. K
ula
i, D
hala
i
Dis
tric
t, T
rip
ura –
799 2
04.
Rural R
esource Train
ing C
entr
e (R
RTC
) U
mran,
Meghala
ya,
Raje
ndra A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity, B
ihar T
irhut
College of A
gric
ulture, D
holi, M
azaffarpur -
84
31
19
ICA
R- R
esearch C
om
ple
x for Easte
rn R
egio
n,
Patn
a, Fis
h &
Fis
herie
s, IC
AR
-R
CER
, R
CER
Paris
ar, P
O –
Vetr
inary C
ollege, P
atn
a-800014
Centr
e for P
rom
oting S
usta
inable
Liv
elihood
(C
PS
L),
III Flo
or P
raksh bhaw
an,
Road no.
39,
Chitkohara,
Anis
habad,
Patn
a - 800 002
RA
RS
, A
mbala
vayal, W
ayanad, K
erala
- 6
73593
India
n In
stitu
te of S
pic
es R
esearch (IC
AR
),
Kozhik
ode,P
B N
o:1
701,
Marik
unnu – P.
O,
Kozhik
ode 673012,
Kerala
.
Regio
nal C
offee R
esearch S
tation,
Chundale
,
673 1
23, W
ayanad D
istr
ict, K
erala
VFP
CK
, B
uildin
g N
o – G
.525,
Ground Flo
or,
Kania
patta P
anchayath
, K
am
bala
kkad P.O
,
Kalp
etta, 673 1
21W
ayanad D
istr
ict
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Raje
ndra A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity
Pusa, S
am
astipur, India
Ph. N
o. 6274 240226
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Kerala
Agric
ultural U
niv
ersity, P
O
KA
U, V
ellanik
kara, Thris
sur-680656
Kerala
(http://w
ww
.kau.edu)
Dr. S
.S. P
rasad
Scie
ntist, D
epartm
ent of
Soil S
cie
nce
Em
ail:
ssprasadtc
a@
rediffm
ail.c
om
Dr. V
. S
. D
evadas
Prin
cip
al In
vestigato
r
Em
ail:
vsdevadas@
yahoo.com
,
vsdevadas@
gm
ail.c
om
10
11
Appendix
8282
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Achie
vin
g Im
proved
Liv
elihood S
ecurity
through R
esource
Conservation and
Div
ersifie
d F
arm
ing
Syste
ms A
pproach in
Mew
at
Develo
pin
g s
usta
inable
farm
ing s
yste
m m
odels
for p
rio
ritiz
ed m
icro
wate
rsheds in rain
ed
areas o
f J
harkhand
Dis
tric
t P
anchayat, W
ayanad, K
erala
(D
P)
Wayanad D
istr
ict P
anchayath
, K
alp
etta N
orth
,
67
31
22
Wayanad S
ocia
l S
ervic
e S
ocie
ty P.B
.No.1
6,
Mananth
avady W
ayanad, K
erala
-670 6
45,
pajo
sew
sss@
gm
ail.c
om
CC
S H
aryana A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity, H
isar-
125004, H
aryana.
National C
entr
e for A
gric
ulture Econom
ics and
Policy R
esearch (
NC
AP
), Lib
rary A
venue, P
usa
Cam
pus,
New
D
elh
i
Socie
ty for S
trate
gy, Technolo
gy D
elivery for
Develo
pm
ent, N
ew
D
elh
i (S
ocie
ty S
TA
DD
),
P-92, Low
er G
round F
loor, C
hitta
ranaja
n P
ark,
New
D
elh
i-110009
Centr
e for A
dvancem
ent
of S
usta
inable
Agric
ulture(C
AS
A),N
AS
C com
ple
x,
DP
S M
arg,
Pusa, N
ew
Delh
i 110012
India
n A
gric
ulture R
esearch In
stitu
te (IA
RI)
,
New
Delh
i
Centr
al In
stitu
te for R
esearch on G
oats
(C
IRG
),
Math
ura,
Makhdoom
P.O
. Farah-281122,
Math
ura(U
P)
Inte
rnational M
aiz
e and W
heat
Improvem
ent
Cente
r (C
IMM
YT),
N
ew
D
elh
i 110012
Birsa A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity K
anke R
anchi,
Regio
nal S
tation,
ICA
R R
CER
R
esearch C
entr
e
(earlier H
AR
P), R
anchi, P
andula
, R
anchi
Jharkhand
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Chaudhary C
haran S
ingh H
aryana
Agric
ultural U
niv
ersity, H
isar, H
aryana
(http://w
ww
.hau.ernet.in
)
Em
ail:
vc@
hau.e
rnet.in
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Birsa A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity, K
anke
Ranchi-
834006 Jharkhand
Dr. V. K
. Yadav
Senio
r E
xte
nsio
n S
pecia
list
Agronom
y
Em
ail: drvk54@
gm
ail.c
om
Dr. A
.K.
Sin
gh
Professor, A
quaculture
Em
ail-
aksin
gh6
3@
yahoo.com
13
12
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix
83
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Liv
elihood P
rom
otion
through In
tegrate
d
Farm
ing S
yste
m in
Assam
Ensurin
g Liv
elihood
Security th
rough
Wate
rshed B
ased
Farm
ing S
yste
m
Module
s in
Dis
advanta
ged D
istr
icts
of M
irzapur and
Sonbhadra in
V
indhyan
Regio
n
India
n In
stitu
te of N
atu
ral R
esin
s &
G
um
s,
Nam
kum
R
anchi
Centr
al R
ain
fed U
pla
nd R
ice R
esearch S
tation,
(C
RU
RR
S) H
azarib
agh,
Jharkhand
Deptt.
of A
gronom
y,
Assam
A
gric
ultural
Univ
ersity, Jorhat, A
ssam
Regio
nal R
ain
fed L
ow
land r
ice r
esearch s
tation,
Gerua, H
ajo
, K
am
rup-781102, A
ssam
North
easte
rn D
evelo
pm
ent fin
ance
cooperation (N
ED
Fi)
, K
hetr
i, K
am
rup-782403,
Assam
Sta
te In
stitu
te of R
ural D
evelo
pm
ent
(S
IRD
),
Kahik
uchi, G
uw
ahati-781017,
Assam
Impact-
NE (N
GO
),
North
Lakhim
pur-785106
Jirsong A
song (N
GO
),
Karbi
Anglo
ng-782460
Dis
covery C
lub (N
GO
),
Kokrajh
ar-783370,
Assam
Departm
ent
of A
gronom
y In
stitu
te of
Agric
ultural S
cie
nces B
anaras H
indu U
niv
ersity
Varanasi – 2
21005 U
ttar P
radesh
India
n In
stitu
te of V
egeta
ble
R
esearch (IC
AR
),
Post B
ag #
01,
P. O
. Jakhani (S
ahanshahpur)
Varanasi – 2
21305, U
.P.
Banw
asi S
ew
a A
shram
, G
ovin
dpur (
Via
– T
urra)
Dis
tt.
Sonbhadra – 231 221
Surabhi S
hodh S
ansth
an,
B- 27/75 D
,
Ravin
drapuri, V
aranasi – 2
21 0
05
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Assam
Agric
ultural U
niv
ersity
Jorhat-
785013 A
ssam
Directo
r
Institu
te o
f A
gril. S
cie
nces B
anaras
Hin
du U
niv
ersity, Varanasi-
221005
Uttar P
radesh
Dr. P. K
. G
ogoi
Prof. &
Head
Em
ail:
prabin
.gogoi@
rediffm
ail.c
om
Dr. J
.S. B
ohra
Professor (A
gronom
y)
Em
ail:
jsbohra2005@
rediffm
ail.c
om
14
15
Appendix
8484
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Improvem
ent
in
Liv
elihood S
ecurity of
Rural P
eople
Liv
ing in
Dis
advanta
ged D
istr
icts
of U
ttar P
radesh
through D
iversific
ation
in A
gric
ulture
Improvin
g R
ural
Liv
elihood S
ecurity
Through S
usta
inable
Inte
grate
d Farm
ing
Syste
m M
odel A
nd
Allie
d E
nte
rpris
es In
Basta
r R
egio
n o
f
Chhattis
garh
Inte
grate
d Farm
ing
Syste
m (
IFS
) for
Enhancin
g S
usta
inable
Rural Liv
elihood
Security in S
ahib
ganj
and P
akur D
istr
icts
of
Jharkhand
C.S
.Azad U
niv
ersity of A
gric
ultur &
Technolo
gy,
Kanpur
Centr
al S
oil &
Wate
r C
onservation R
esearch a
nd
Train
ing In
stitture,
(IC
AR
) D
atia (M
.P.)
Sta
te Institu
te o
f R
ural D
evelo
pm
ent, B
hakshi
Ka Tala
b (S
IRD
),
Lucknow
Socie
ty for M
anagem
ent of A
gric
ultural R
ural
Proje
ct
(S
MA
RP
) 52A
, N
EW
A
zad N
agar,
Kaly
anpur K
anpur
Indira G
andhi K
ris
hi V
ishw
avid
yala
ya, K
ris
hak
Nagar, R
aip
ur- 492006
(PA
RD
S), Jagdalp
ur (
NG
Os), B
esid
e H
ote
l
Pooran, K
isan B
akery R
oad,N
ayam
unda w
ard,
Jagdalp
ur-494001
(A
GR
OC
RET),
Raip
ur (N
GO
s),
B-8 R
aj N
agar
Sai V
atika, D
evri, D
istt. R
aip
ur -
492015
CS
WC
RTI, R
esearch C
ente
r, K
oraputr, O
ris
sa,
Sunabeda 763002
Sanje
evani, C
hhattis
garh F
orest P
roduce
Cooperative Federation Ltd
. A
-25, V
IP Esta
te,
Shankar N
agar, R
aip
ur 4
92007
IIN
RG
, N
am
kum
, R
anchi
834010
Gram
in V
ikas T
rust, 2
12, P
ani Jahaj K
oth
i,
Kanke R
oad,
Ranchi
834008
Birsa A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity, K
anke, R
anchi-
83
40
06
Socie
ty for R
ural In
dustr
ilis
ation, B
aria
tu,
Ranchi-
83
40
09
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Chandra S
hekhar A
zad U
niv
ersity
of A
gric
ulture &
Technolo
gy
Kanpur-208002 U
ttar P
radesh
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Indira G
andhi K
ris
hi V
ishw
avid
yala
ya
Kris
hak N
agar, R
aip
ur-492006
Chhattis
garh
Chie
f Executive O
ffic
er
Gram
in V
ikas T
rust, 2
12, Pani Jahaj
Koth
i, K
anke R
oad,
Ranchi-
834008
Dr. S
. C
. K
atiyar
CS
AU
A&
T. K
anpur
Em
ail:
dr_
sck@
india
tim
es.com
,
dr.sck2011@
gm
ail.com
Dr. G
. P. P
ali
Chie
f S
cie
ntist, A
ICR
P on
Dryla
nd &
CC
PI, S
G C
ollege
of A
gric
ulture &
R
esearch
Sta
tion,
Kum
hraw
and
Jagdalp
ur-494005
Chhattis
hgarh
Em
ail:
gppali@
rediffm
ail.c
om
Dr. S
. C
. P
rasad
C.E.O
.
Em
ail:
satisranchi@
sancharnet.in
,
gvt.naip
@gm
ail.com
16
17
18
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix
85
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Rajm
ata
Vijayaraje
Scin
dia
Kris
hi V
ishw
a
Vid
yala
ya, G
walior -
474 0
02, M
.P.
India
n G
rassla
nd Fodder R
esearch In
stitu
te,
Gw
alior R
oad, Jhansi - 2
84 0
03, U
.P.
Gram
in V
ikas T
rust, S
hiv
Villa
Ram
kris
han N
agar,
Jhabua,
457661,
Madhya P
radesh
Jahararla
l N
ehru K
ris
hi V
ishw
a V
idyala
ya,
Jabalp
ur,
Action for S
ocia
l A
dvancem
ent, E-5/A
G
iris
h
Kunj, A
rera C
olo
ni, A
bove S
tate
B
ank of In
dore,
Shahpura B
ranch,
Bhopal,
Gram
in V
ikas T
rust, 1
2/504, S
am
ta N
agar,
Anand C
olo
ny,
Ratlam
M
.P
PR
AG
YA
Research, G
ayatr
i D
ham
, B
hairoganj,
Seoni (M
.P.)
,
BA
IF,E
7/65, Lala
lajp
at R
ai S
ocie
ty, A
rera C
olo
ny
Bhopal-
462016
Sardarkrushin
agar D
antiw
ada A
gric
ultural
Univ
ersity, S
ardarkrushin
agar, P
in-385506
Dis
t : B
anaskanth
a (
Guja
rat)
Krusi V
igyan K
endra,
Anand A
gric
ultural
Univ
ersity, M
uvalia F
arm
, A
t &
Po: D
ahod
Navsari A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity, Eru C
har R
asta
,
Navsari-
396450
VIK
SAT,
Nehru Foundation for D
evelo
pm
ent,
Thaltej Tekra,
Ahm
edabad - 380054
AN
aR
De Foundation,
Near M
erchantile
B
ank,
Near C
ozy Tow
er, Pala
npur - 385001
Inte
grate
d Farm
ing
Syste
m for S
usta
inable
Rural Liv
elihoods in
Undula
ting and R
ain
fed
Areas of Jhabua and
Dhar d
istr
ict of M
adhya
Pradesh
Inte
grate
d Farm
ing
Syste
m M
odule
s to
Ensure S
usta
inable
Liv
elihood S
ecurity for
the P
easants
of
Dis
advanta
ged D
istr
icts
of M
adhya P
radesh
Inte
grate
d P
roje
ct for
Research O
n
Develo
pm
ent P
rocess
and S
usta
inability o
f
Liv
elihood in
S
ele
cte
d
Dis
advanta
ged D
istr
icts
of G
uja
rat S
tate
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Rajm
ata
Vijayaraje
Scin
dia
Kris
hi
Vis
hvw
a V
idhyala
ya, R
ace C
ourse
Road, G
walior-474002
Madhya P
radesh
Vic
e C
hancellor
Jaw
aharla
l N
ehru K
ris
hi V
ishw
a
Vid
yala
yaJabalp
ur M
.P. 482 0
04
IN
DIA
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Sardarkrushin
agar-D
antiw
ada
Agric
ultural U
niv
ersity,
Sardarkrushin
agar,
Dantiw
ada-385506 G
uja
rat
Dr. H
.S. Yadava
Directo
r R
esearch S
ervic
es
Em
ail:
hs_
yadav@
yahoo.com
Dr. N
.K.
Khare
Professor &
Head, D
eptt. of
Exte
nsio
n,
JN
KV
V,
Jabalp
ur
E-m
ail :
hd_exte
nsio
n@
rediffm
ail.c
om
,
nalin_khare@
rediffm
ail.c
om
Dr. K
.A.
Thakkar
Professor &
Head
Em
ail:
sdaunaip
_kat@
yahoo.co.in
19
20
21
Appendix
8686
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Effic
ient
Land U
se
Based Inte
grate
d
Farm
ing S
yste
m for
Rural Liv
elihood
Security in
A
urangabad,
Dhule
and G
ondia
Dis
tric
ts o
f M
aharashtr
a
Liv
elihood and
Nutr
itio
nal S
ecurity o
f
Trib
al D
om
inate
d A
rea
through In
tegrate
d
Farm
ing S
yste
m a
nd
Technolo
gy M
odels
Gram
in V
ikas T
rust, C
hakaliya R
oad, D
ahod
Dis
t :
Dahod - 389151
PR
AK
RIT
I Foundation,
Rayan falia,
Dahod
Road,
Muw
ada P
Obox :
05,
JH
ALO
D - 389170
(G
uja
rat)
BA
IF D
evelo
pm
ent
Research Foundation,
Vrin
davan C
am
pus,
At
Lachhakadi, Ta V
ansda,
Dis
t. N
avsari
National B
ureau o
f S
oil S
urvey &
Land U
se
Pla
nnin
g (
NB
SS
& L
UP
), S
hankarnagar P
O,
Am
ravati R
oad, N
agpur -
440010, M
aharashtr
a
MA
U P
arbhani, K
ris
hi V
igyan K
endra, P
aithan
Road,
Aurangabad-431 005 (M
.S.)
Mahatm
a P
hule
Kris
hi V
idyapeeth
, R
ahuri-
413
722,
Dis
t. A
hm
ednagar
RTM
N
agpur U
niv
ersity, A
mravati R
oad,
Nagpur- 440033
Shri G
anesh G
ram
in V
ikas S
hik
shan S
ansth
an,
ZP
Colo
ny, B
ehin
d S
T B
us S
tand, M
ararto
li,
Gondia
-441614,
Gondia
Directo
rate
of Exte
nsio
n Education,
Outs
ide
Surajp
ole
, M
aharana P
rata
p U
niv
ersity o
f
Agric
ulture and Technolo
gy,
Udaip
ur
Centr
al In
stitu
te of Fis
herie
s Education,
Versova, M
um
bai – 6
1
India
n A
gric
ultural R
esearch In
stitu
te,
New
Delh
i – 110012
BA
IF B
haw
an, G
Blo
ck, N
ear C
om
munity H
all,
Hiran M
agri-
Secto
r 1
4, U
daip
ur (
Raja
sth
an)
Directo
r
National B
ureau o
f S
oil S
urvey &
Land U
se P
lannin
g,
Am
ravati R
oad,
Shankar N
agar, P.O
. N
agpur-440010
Maharashtr
a
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Maharana P
rata
p U
niv
ersity o
f
Agric
ulture and Technolo
gy
Udaip
ur-313001 R
aja
sth
an
Dr. A
run C
hatu
rvedi
Prin
cip
al S
cie
ntist &
Head
Em
ail:
arunchat5
5@
gm
ail.com
Land U
se P
lannin
g D
ivis
ion
Dr. I. J.
Math
ur
Directo
r (Exte
nsio
n)
Em
ail:
indrajitm
ath
ur@
yahoo.c
om
,
dir_ext@
rediffm
ail.c
om
22
23
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix
87
Liv
elihood S
ecurity of
Rural P
oor in
dis
advanta
ged
Chitradurga dis
tric
ts o
f
Karnata
ka th
rough
Inte
grate
d Farm
ing
Syste
ms A
pproach
Liv
elihood S
ecurity
through R
esource and
Entr
epreneurship
Managem
ent in
Bid
ar
India
n F
arm
Forestr
y D
evelo
pm
ent C
ooperative
Ltd
., 2-Thoor H
ouse,
Mahaveer C
olo
ny,
Secto
r
No.
4,
Udaip
ur (R
aja
sth
an)
Vid
hya B
haw
an K
ris
hi V
igyan K
endra, B
adgoan,
Udaip
ur (R
ajs
than),
vbkvk@
yahoo.c
om
Jan S
hik
sha E
vam
Vik
as S
angath
an P
ED
O,
Villa
ge a
nd P
ost-
Mada V
ia a
nd d
istr
ict
Dungarpur-3
14
00
1
AC
CES
S D
EV
ELO
PM
EN
T S
ER
VIC
ES
, C
-78,
Am
bam
ata
S
chem
e,
Gupta
S
adan,
Udaip
ur-
31
30
01
Univ
ersity o
f A
gric
ultural S
cie
nces (
UA
S),
Bangalo
re-560065
MYR
AD
A D
istr
ict
Approach P
roje
ct,
Channakeshava B
adavane,
Opp.
Akashvani,
Chitradurga D
ist-
577501
Francis
can S
iste
rs o
f M
ary H
osadurga
NIS
AR
GA
H
iriy
ur R
oad,
Hosadurga-577527,
Chitradurga D
ist.
National In
stitu
te of A
nim
al N
utr
itio
n and
Physio
logy,
Adugodi, B
angalo
re -560 030
Karnata
ka V
ete
rnary a
nd F
isheris
Univ
ersity
(K
VA
FS
U),
Liv
esto
ck R
esearch and In
form
ation
Centr
e,
Konehalli, Tip
tur, Tum
kur D
ist,
Karnata
ka C
entr
e,
Konehalli, Tip
tur, Tum
kur,
Karnata
ka
Kris
hi V
igyan K
endra (
UA
S, R
aic
hur), B
idar
Karnata
ka V
ete
rin
ary, A
nim
al and F
isherie
s
Scie
nces U
niv
ersity, B
idar.
Dr. H
.S. S
hiv
a R
am
u
Profe
ssor
Dept. of A
gronom
y
Em
ail:
hssram
u@
yahoo.co.in
Dr. R
.C.
Deshm
ukh
Program
me C
oordin
ato
r
Em
ail:
kvkbid
ar@
rediffm
ail.c
om
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Univ
ersity o
f A
gric
ultural S
cie
nces,
GK
VK
C
am
pus,
Bengalu
ru-560065
Karnata
ka
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Univ
ersity o
f A
gric
ultural S
cie
nces,
PB
329, R
aic
hur 584102 K
arnata
ka
24
25
Appendix
8888
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Dis
tric
t
To P
rom
ote
Susta
inable
Liv
elihoods o
f the S
mall
and M
argin
al Farm
ers
with a Focus on
Wom
en’s
Em
pow
erm
ent
in
Naw
ada a
nd P
urnea
Dis
tric
t of B
ihar
Susta
inable
Farm
ing
Syste
m to
Enhance and
Ensure Liv
elihood
Security o
f P
oor in
Purulia, B
ankura a
nd
West M
idnapore
Dis
tric
ts o
f W
est B
engal
OR
BIT
,HR
D Train
ing C
entr
e,
N.H
, 9,
Hum
nabad
– 5
85330, B
idar D
istr
ict, K
arnata
ka, In
dia
Bharaty
a S
am
ryddhi Fin
ance L
td., B
AS
IX,
House N
o C
H-5, S
ri K
ris
hna N
agar, R
oad
Num
ber-25, N
ear A
ndhra B
ank, P
atn
a,
Bih
ar-800001
Wom
en D
evelo
pm
ent
Corporation ,
WD
C,
2nd
Flo
or, R
C S
ingh P
ath
, In
dira B
haw
an, H
arta
li
Chow
k, P
atn
a-800001 B
ihar
KV
K, K
auakol, N
aw
ada S
arvodaya A
shram
,
Kauakol, N
aw
ada (
Bih
ar)
RA
U, K
ris
hi V
igyan K
endra, Jala
l G
arh, P
urnea
(B
ihar) -
854327
IAR
I R
esearch S
tation, P
usa, S
am
astipur
(B
ihar)
Patn
a A
nim
al D
evelo
pm
ent
Pvt. Ltd
.,M
orcha
Road, P
atn
a C
ity, P
atn
a-9 (
Bih
ar)
Bid
han C
handra K
ris
hi V
isw
avid
yala
ya (
BC
KV
).
Directo
rate
of R
esearch, B
CK
V, K
aly
ani, N
adia
,
Pin
-741235 W
est B
engal.
WB
UFA
S, W
est B
engal U
niv
ersity o
f A
nim
al and
Fis
hery S
cie
nces (
WB
UA
FS
), 37, K
hudiram
Bose S
arani, B
elg
achia
, K
olk
ata
-700037
Kaly
an K
ris
hi V
igyan K
endra, (A
ffilia
ted to
Ram
akris
hna M
issio
n L
oksik
sha P
aris
had), P.O
.:
Viv
ekanandanagar, D
istr
ict: P
urulia, W
est
Bengal, P
in-723147
Access D
evelo
pm
ent S
ervic
es, B
A 9
7, Is
t Flo
or,
Secto
r-1, S
alt L
ake C
ity, K
olk
ata
- 6
4
CE
O
BA
SIX
, 3rd Flo
or S
urabhi A
rcade,
Troop B
azar, B
ank S
treet,
Koti H
yderabad,
Andhra P
radesh - 500 001
Vic
e C
hancellor
Bid
han C
handra K
ris
hi V
isw
avid
yala
ya
P.O
. K
ris
hi V
isw
avid
yala
ya, M
ohanpur
Nadia
-741252 W
est B
engal
Mr. M
ihir S
ahana
Chairm
an B
SFL
Em
ail:
mih
ir@
basix
india
.com
mih
irsahana@
gm
ail.c
om
Dr. A
mit K
um
ar R
oy
Associa
te P
rofessor
Departm
ent
of A
gric
ulture,
Extensio
n
Em
ail :
am
it.m
ala
123@
gm
ail.c
om
am
itm
ala
l23@
rediffm
ail.c
om
bckvnaip
03@
rediffm
ail.c
om
26
27
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix
89
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
India
n G
ram
in S
ervic
e (
IGS
), C
E-103, S
alt L
ake
City,
Kolk
ata
-700064
ICA
R R
esearch C
om
ple
x for Easte
rn R
egio
n,
ICA
R P
aris
ar, P
O.-
B.V
. C
ollege, P
atn
a-800 0
14
Bih
ar
Centr
al P
ota
to R
esearch Institu
te, S
ahaynagar,
Patn
a-801 506
BA
IF, B
ihar P
rogram
me, H
ouse N
o.-
2, R
oad
No.-
8, East P
tel N
agar, P
atn
a-800 0
23
Centr
al In
land F
isherie
s R
esearch Institu
te,
Barrackpore, K
olk
ata
-700 1
20
Raje
ndra A
gric
ultural U
niv
ersity, P
usa,
Sam
astipur, B
ihar
Inte
rnational W
ate
r M
anagem
ent In
stitu
te, N
ew
Delh
i-110012
Inte
rnational Food P
olicy R
esearch In
stitu
te,
New
D
elh
i-110012
Oris
sa U
niv
ersity o
f A
gric
ulture a
nd technolo
gy
(O
UAT), B
hubanesw
ar-751003
Regio
nal C
ente
r of C
entr
al Tuber C
rop
Research In
stitu
te,
Dum
dum
a H
ousin
g B
oard ,
Bhubanesw
ar-751019
Directo
rate
of W
ate
r M
anagem
ent, O
pp. R
ail
vih
ar, C
handrasekharpur, B
hubanesw
ar-751023
Industr
ial M
anagem
ent C
onsultants
of O
ris
sa,
47,
Madhusudan N
agar, B
hubanesw
ar-751001
KA
RR
TA
BYA
, A
t/P
o:-
C
hhoria
garh,
Via
:
Mahic
hala
, D
ist.: K
ala
handi-
766023 (
Oris
sa)
Susta
inable
Liv
elihood
Improvem
ent through
Need B
ased Inte
grate
d
Farm
ing S
yste
m M
odels
in D
isadvanta
ged
Dis
tric
ts o
f B
ihar
Susta
inable
Rural
Liv
elihood and Food
Security to R
ain
fed
Farm
ers o
f O
ris
sa
Directo
r
ICA
R R
esearch C
om
ple
x for
Easte
rn R
egio
n, IC
AR
Paris
ar,
P.O
. – B
.V. C
ollege, P
atn
a - 800014
(B
ihar)
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Oris
sa U
niv
of A
gric
ulture &
Technolo
gy,
Bhubanesw
ar -751003
Odis
ha
Dr. A
bhay K
um
ar
Senio
r S
cie
ntist
Em
ail:
akum
ar1904@
rediffm
ail.c
om
drbpbhatt.icar@
yahoo.c
om
Dr. B
asudev B
ehera
Professor, A
gronom
y
Em
ail:
bdbehera1@
rediffm
ail.c
om
bdbehera1@
gm
ail.com
28
29
Appendix
9090
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Uttar B
anga K
ris
hi V
isw
avid
yala
ya, P.O
-
Pundib
ari, D
ist.- C
ooch B
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tate: W
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Bengal
Bid
han C
handra K
ris
hi V
isw
avid
yala
ya, P.O
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ist.- N
adia
, S
tate: W
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engal.
North B
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niv
ersity, P
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aja
Ram
mohunpur, S
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uri, D
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eling.
Natio
nal In
stitute of R
esearch on Jute &
A
llie
d
Fib
re Technolo
gy, 12, R
egent P
ark, K
olk
ata -
70
00
40
Eco-D
ev C
onsultancy P
vt. Ltd. “S
hreyas
Apartm
ent” A
C-120, G
round Flo
or N
o.:A
Barow
aritala
, P
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:,K
rih
napur K
olk
ata -
700102.
BA
IF D
evelo
pm
ent R
eseacrh Foundatio
n, B
AIF
Bhavan, D
r. M
anib
hai D
esai N
agar,N
H4, W
arje
,
Pune 411058
KN
P C
ollege o
f V
eterin
ary S
cie
nce, S
hir
wal, T
al.
Khandala
, D
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Bharati V
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Dhankaw
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une 411043.In
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.
Dr. P
unja
brao D
eshukh K
ris
hi V
idyapeeth,
College of A
gric
ulture, A
ICR
P, Lin
seed, N
agpur.
Mahatm
a P
hule
Kris
i V
idyapeeth, T
al. R
ahuri,
Dis
t. A
hm
ednagar
Dr. H
edgew
ar S
eva S
am
iti, K
ris
hi V
igyan
Kendra, A
t.P
o.- K
old
a,Tal. D
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andurbar, P
in
– 425 412
Sustain
able
Rural
Liv
elihood
Em
pow
erm
ent P
roje
ct
for N
orthern
Dis
advantaged D
istric
ts
of W
est B
engal
Sustain
able
Rural
Liv
elihood S
ecurity in
Backw
ard D
istric
ts o
f
Maharashtr
a
Vic
e-C
hancellor
Uttar B
anga K
ris
hi V
isw
avid
yala
ya
PO
P
undbari, C
ooch B
ehar-736165
West B
engal
Presid
ent
BA
IF B
havan, D
r. M
anib
hai D
esai
Nagar W
arje
, P
une 4
11058 India
Dr. S
.C
. S
arker
Professor
E-m
ail:
sarker57@
rediffm
ail.com
schsarker@
yahoo.com
Mr. B
. K
. K
akade
Vic
e P
resid
ent
baif@
vsnl.com
bkkakade@
baif.org.in
30
30
31
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
Appendix
91
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Centr
al R
esearch Instiute
for D
ryla
nd
Agric
ulture (C
RID
A),
Santo
shnagar, S
aid
abad
PO
, H
yderabad-500059
sreenath
d@
yahoo.c
om
; sdix
it@
crid
a.e
rnet.in
AN
GR
AU
, R
aje
ndranagar,H
yderabad – 500 030
dr_
angrau@
yahoo.co.in
Aakruth
i A
gric
ultural A
ssocia
tes,
6-3-903/A
/3,
II F
loor, S
uryanagar, R
ajb
havan R
oad,
Som
ajiguda, H
yderabad – 500 082
BA
IF In
stitu
te of R
ural D
evelo
pm
ent
(B
IRD
),
Door N
o.9
-6-173,
Road N
o.2
, D
urga B
havani
Nagar C
olo
ny, S
anto
shnagar, H
yderabad – 500
07
9
Cente
r for W
orld
Solidarity (
CW
S), 1
2-13-438,
Str
eet N
o.1
, Tarnaka, S
ecunderabad–500017
Modern A
rchitects
for R
ural In
dia
(M
AR
I),
1-8-499, B
ehin
d E
kashila P
ark, B
ala
sam
udram
,
Hanam
konda –
506001, W
arangal D
istr
ict
Sri A
urobin
do In
stitu
te for R
ural D
evelo
pm
ent
(S
AIR
D), P.O
.Gaddip
alli – 5
08 2
0, G
arid
epalli
Mandal, N
alg
onda dis
tric
t, A
.P.
Wate
rshed S
upport S
ervic
es N
etw
ork
(W
AS
SA
N), 12-13-445, S
treet N
o.1
, Tarnaka,
Secunderabad–
50
00
17
Inte
rnational C
rops R
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stitu
te for th
e
Sem
i-A
rid
Tropic
s (IC
RIS
AT) P.O
. P
ata
ncheru -
502 324
IKIS
AN
Ltd
. #
1,
Nagarju
na H
ills
, P
anja
gutta,
Hyderabad-500 082
Susta
inable
Rural
Liv
elihoods th
rough
Enhanced Farm
ing
Syste
ms P
roductivity
and Effic
ient
Support
Syste
ms in R
ain
fed
Areas
Dr. S
reenath
Dix
it
Consortium
P
rin
cip
al
Investigato
r &
Prin
cip
al
Scie
ntist
(A
gril.
Extn
.)
Em
ail:
sreenathd@
yahoo.com
sdix
it@
crid
a.e
rnet.in
Directo
r
CR
IDA
(IC
AR
),
Santo
shnagar,
Hyderabad - 500059
32
Appendix
9292
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India
S.N
o.
Sub-project Title
Institute/O
rganization, A
ddress and Em
ail
Consortium
Leader, C
ontact D
etails
CP
I, C
ontact D
etails
Agric
ultural Fin
ance C
orporation Ltd
., H
.No.-
181,S
hankar C
inem
a-D
urga M
andir R
oad,
Shiv
pur, G
odda-814133 (Jharkhand)
GV
T,
KV
K,
Near R
auta
ra C
how
k,
At
PO
: G
odda
(Jharkhand) G
odda
Kastu
rba M
ahila V
ikas K
aly
an S
am
iti (K
MV
KS
)
Shyam
Nagar C
olo
ny, M
aurya, P
ath
, K
hajp
ura,
Patn
a-14
Institu
te of Forest
Productivity (In
dia
n C
ouncil
of Forestr
y R
esearch &
Education) Lalg
utw
a,
Ranchi-
834303 (Jharkhand)
Shri. A
shis
h D
eepankar
Manager
Em
ail:
ashis
h.afc@
gm
ail.com
nro.afc@
gm
ail.com
Managin
g D
irecto
r
Agric
ultural Fin
ance C
orporation
Ltd
., D
hanraj M
ahal, F
irst Flo
or
C.S
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Marg,
Mum
bai - 400001
Upscaling and
Improvin
g Liv
elihood of
Forest based a
nd F
orest
Frin
ge C
om
munitie
s
through Enhanced
Farm
ing S
yste
m
Productivity and
Effic
ient
Support
Syste
ms in G
odda
Dis
tric
t
33
❑
Livelihood Enhancement through Improved Vegetable Cultivation in Backward Districts of India