Post on 25-Feb-2016
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1Lincolnshire Fire & Rescue Training Centre
LINCOLNSHIRE FIRE & RESCUELINCOLNSHIRE FIRE & RESCUERURAL RURAL
FIREFIGHTINGFIREFIGHTING
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COMPETENCE STATEMENTS:CS416 – Heath & Woodland Fires
CS396 – Flexible Backpack Extinguisher
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AIMAIM
To give operational crews an understanding of the hazards, risks and operational procedures associated
with controlling rural fires, in particular
“Heath and Woodland fires”
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES• List and explain the different rural fires and their hazards
• Identify the hazards, risks and control measures when extinguishing the three different types of heath and woodland fire
• Describe the methods to protect personnel, equipment and appliances from heat, fire and smoke spread
• Define the term “Crown Fire”
• Identify some other possible resources, farm equipment or farm systems that could assist with, and control, the fire spread
• Recall other types of rural fires and the need to consider local fire plans
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RURAL FIRES - CLASSIFICATIONSRURAL FIRES - CLASSIFICATIONS
Classifications• Smouldering• Creeping• Running• Torching• Spotting• Crowning• Blow-Up
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RURAL FIRES - HAZARDSHazards• Terrain• Weather conditions• Smoke• Fatigue• Lone working• Manual handling• Overhead power lines• Rapid fire spread• Difficult access• Night working• Manoeuvring off road• Surrounded by fire
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HEATH AND GRASS FIRESThere are three types of heath and grass fire:
• Heath and Grass fires in non-peaty soil
• Heath and Grass fires in peaty soil
• Gorse, Bracken and undergrowth fires
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1) HEATH AND GRASS FIRES 1) HEATH AND GRASS FIRES IN NON-PEATY SOILIN NON-PEATY SOIL
Characteristics• The fire only travels through surface growth
Extinguishing Methods:• To extinguish use beaters or water• Consider the ‘Flexible Backpack Extinguisher’• Consider use of HVP & Water carrier
Risks::• Personnel becoming isolated• Lack of water supplies
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2) HEATH AND GRASS FIRES 2) HEATH AND GRASS FIRES IN PEATY SOILIN PEATY SOIL
Characteristics• Fires travel underground as well as
above ground• Fire travelling underground is almost
invisible
Extinguishing Methods:• Surface fires are extinguished as per non-peaty soil mentioned
previously• Consider use of HVP & Water carrier• Underground fires can be extinguished either by:
i) Trenching ii) Water Jets
Risks:• Injury to personnel due to soft ground• Limited access for vehicles & by foot – fatigue, stress
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3) GORSE, BRACKEN AND 3) GORSE, BRACKEN AND UNDERGROWTH FIRESUNDERGROWTH FIRES
Characteristics• Generally more dense
and wider covering
Extinguishing Methods:• Fire Breaks• High pressure hose reel jets• Wetting a fire break• Consider use of HVP & Water carrier• Beaters – limited use
Risks:• Personnel & public near by• Carrying equipment over rough terrain
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WOODLAND FIRESWOODLAND FIRESCharacteristics:• Numerous sizes and types of trees• Sparks can travel long distances causing
secondary fires• Change of wind directions• Underground fires• Crown FiresExtinguish by:• Create fire breaks• Beating – limited use• Use of water – jets and hosereels• Consider use of HVP & Water carrier
Crown Fires: This is a term used when the fire spreads from one tree to the next, high up in the tree canopy. It causes problems with the fire spreading over the top of firefighters and it’s extremely difficult to extinguish.
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WHEN ATTENDING INCIDENTSWHEN ATTENDING INCIDENTS• Liaise with Forestry Commission Officers• Refer to the fire plan (if available)• Consider RVP’s, access, water supplies ( early make
ups )• Decide on the action to be taken• Ensure all personnel have correct PPE and manual
handling techniques• Monitor crew welfare / hydration ( reliefs )• Monitor fire spread• Monitor water supplies• Monitor environmental conditions
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PPE & MANUAL HANDLING PPE & MANUAL HANDLING CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS
• Full PPE (inc goggles, gloves, BA if required)
• Carrying equipment over rough terrain
• Creating Fire Breaks
• Beating
• Making up large quantities of hose & equipment
• Crew welfare / hydration (Safety Flash: 07/06)
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FIRE SPREAD & ACCESSFIRE SPREAD & ACCESSSpeed of fire spread due to:Environmental conditions –• Weather, temperature, wind direction (speed and strength)
• Type (FUEL) & size of vegetation area
Access for appliances & personnel:• Limited with large open areas of vegetation• Terrains vary - steep hillsides to soft boggy areas
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HAZARDS OF FIRE SPREADHAZARDS OF FIRE SPREAD
Loss of appliances
Loss of water suppliesProperty involved
Firefighters surrounded by fire
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OVERHEAD POWER LINESOVERHEAD POWER LINES
SOP 13, Risk Card 29
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HAZARDS OF SMOKE SPREADHAZARDS OF SMOKE SPREAD
DisorientationConcealed hazards
Reduced visibility
Isolation of personnel
Smoke Smoke affecting affecting nearby nearby
public roadspublic roadsSmoke Inhalation
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NON SERVICE EQUIPMENT & NON SERVICE EQUIPMENT & PERSONNELPERSONNEL
ConsiderationsConsiderations::• Suitability of the equipment• Lack of competence of the operators• Lack of experience of emergency situations• Lack of effective command and control systems• Service personnel and members of the public close by
• Agricultural vehicles• Earth moving vehicles ( Above must be trained operators ) • Volunteers – supervise!
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OTHER TYPES OF RURAL FIRES OTHER TYPES OF RURAL FIRES WITHIN LINCOLNSHIREWITHIN LINCOLNSHIRE
• Standing crop fires• Stubble fires• Haystacks• Agricultural buildings and machinery/Vehicle fires • Railway embankments• Hedges/Hedgerows• Landfill fires• Woods e.g. , Bourne, Laughton, Stapleford
This list is not exhaustive
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RISK CARD 47RISK CARD 47
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REFERENCESREFERENCESCrews should familiarise themselves with the following:
• Risk card 47 - Rural Fires• Risk card 29 - Electricity• NOS Unit FF4.1 / FF4.2• SOP 13 - Rural Areas• F202 / F202A• TB 1/97 – Breathing Apparatus• Op Tac note 9 – Water Supply • Op Tech note 70 – PPE• Safety Flash 07/06
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SUMMARYSUMMARY
• The different types of rural fires and their characteristics• Identified the hazards, risks and control measures when
extinguishing the three different types of heath and woodland fire
• The methods to protect personnel, equipment and appliances from heat, fire and smoke spread
• The term “Crown Fire”
• Identified other resources, farm equipment and farm systems that could assist with, and control, the fire spread
• Recalled other types of rural fires and the need to consider local fire plans
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ANY ANY QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?