LIMITS OF FORMAL URBAN PLANNING. UKRAINE

Roman Pomazan

URBAN SUSTAIN

Ukraine. Kiev. 2014

COMMON OVERVIEW• In 2011 Ukraine’s

parliament passed new Urban planning codex.

• No sustainable development

• Reduce of public influence on development projects

• Ubiquitous and complex corruption

• Decline of public transport system: railways, airlines, waterways

• Lobby of large developers and construction monopolies

• No real incentives for energy-efficiency

• Designs of Zoning and Detailed territories do not exist for 80% of cities and territories

• Obsolete masterplanning paradigm

URBAN PLANNING LAWS 2011

Local COMMUNITY can impact on any project only at Masterplan stage

Levels: Masterplan of City – Detailed Plan of Territory – Zoning plan

NO STATE BUDGETING for Detailed plans of territories

No expertise for Urban planning projects, just PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Urban planning based on BUILD NORMS those are used from 1970-s

Urban planning divides all territories by definite function - MONOFUNCTION

Case studies, researches and smart urban data are NOT MANDATORY

Urban planning does NOT INCLUDE nature conservation and green building

MONOCENTRISM• Downtowns

dominate in all megalopolises: Kiev, Kharkov, Donetsk, Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk, Lviv

• Traffic jams and uncomfortable public transport

• Centralization of power

• Limited local district governance

• Small neighborhood budget

BROKEN URBAN LANDSCAPES• Neglect of

historical heritage

• Breakaway of urban landscape

• Decay of public spaces

• Deforestation of green belts

• Abandoned historical heritage

• Demolition of architectural landmarks

• Pseudohistorical restoration

GOSTINNY DVIR

VOZDVIZHENKA

POST-SOVIET HOUSINGS’ LEGACY• 40% of housing

stock need sanitation

• Transport issues in post-Soviet microdistricts

• Mass-produced houses have less demand from citizens

• Monopolies in building maintenance

• No regulation for condominiums and common property

STALINKI & KHRUSCHOVKI

MASS PRODUCED PANEL BUILDINGS

RETAIL IN MICRODISTRICTS

ART FROM MICRODISTRICTS

INDUSTRIAL LEGACY• The Lion’s part of

industry facilities are obsolete and inefficient

• Greyfields and brownfields cover large contaminated areas

• 120 monocities

• Monopolies in energy supply

• Social degradation of industrial areas

UNDERGROUND ENGINEER STRUCTURES

KIEV HAVEN & RYBALSKY ISLAND

TELYCHKA

KIEV FORTIFICATIONS OF 1930-S

BROWNFIELDS OF 1850-1910-S

CHEMICAL PLANT “RADICAL”

ABANDONED MANUFACTURES

WEAK PUBLIC TRANSPORT• No law about

Open sky

• Absence of all-type transport nodes in cities

• Lack of transport strategies

• Undeveloped private aviation

• Decline of water connections

• Lack of highways

• No local city bike programs

• No bike infrastructure

METRO LINE TO TROYESCHINA

MARSHRUTKA

LESS TRAM LINES

WEAK USAGE OF WATER WAYS

ENERGY MONOPOLIES• Gas, water and

power supply is under monopolies

• Low quality of utility networks and out-date equipment

• Huge energy losses in transportation

• Overregulation in favor of monopolies

• Numerous obstacles for renewables

TRAGEDY OF COMMONS• Total corruption

• Social distrust

• Poor regulation of real estate taxes

• Neglect of archeological heritage

• Borderization

• Ecology unfriendliness

• Parking everywhere

TROYESCHINA SKYSCRAPERS

DARNITSYA RAIL WAY HUB

PODOLSKY BRIDGE

OVERSCALE HISTORICAL CITY’S CONTEXT

DESYATINNA

THE DNIEPER ISLANDS’ STRATEGY• Contest design of regeneration of the

Islands in the Dnieper within borders of Kiev.

• Sustainable development of recreation, buffer, nature reserved areas.

• Concepts of transportation, water treatment, nature conservation, recreation business

SUSTAIN TOWN• Strategy of town development in Makariv district

of Kiev region. 169 hectares

• Sustainable development underlid for all facilities: houses, utilities, commerce, permaculture farms, parks and education.

• Concepts of transportation, water and waste management, nature conservation, engineering, construction and economics

RETAIL ON POZNYAKI

REVITALIZATION OF NEIGNBORHOODS• Program of sanitation of housings and

revitalization of habitable microdistricts

• Energy efficiency and sustainability are basic principles of reconstruction and construction.

• Concepts of transportation, water and waste management, nature conservation, engineering, construction and economics

Pavlovo PoleNeighborhood in Kharkov

158 housings need sanitation45 600 inhabitants

Sanitation projectsMain types of mass produced housings

barrack type row stalinka nomenclatural stalinka

87 serie khrushevka nomenclatural khrushevka400 serie khrushevka

KT serie panelhouse 96 serie panelhouse480 serie khrushevka

MANIFEST OF COMFORTABLE KIEV• Kiev is unique city with extraordinary resources for development. We, representatives of the community, wish to help

developing comfortable and living city of Kiev according to European norms. Our first goal is including this Manifest into election programs of Mayor pretenders 25 of May 2014.

• Collaboration of 14 MULTIDISCIPLINARY EXPERTS and public organizations

• Support of 450 MEMBERS OF WORKING GROUPS

• Includes BASIC PRINCIPLES and ROAD MAP for short-time implementation

• Web site http://kyivmanifest.org.ua/

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC SPACE: more public space, less visual pollution, developed ground levels but not spontaneous retail, improvement of green belts

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORTATION: public transport prevails over private,Pay for parking, More transport nodes, Transit avoids the centerMore rights for pedestrian and bikes

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF URBAN PLANNING: polycentrism,The Dnieper for citizens, open air Museum, Revalorization and sanitationChange of design paradigmSmart city

GOALS:Involve local community and politicians into development of comfortable Kiev;Change values and approaches in urban development;Force pre-election talkings into the City program of reforms

Roman Pomazan

architecture and urban planning

Urban Sustain design group

Public Council of Urban planning of Kiev

http://us-a.com.ua/

+380687044482

office@us-a.com.ua

roman@bablowsky.com