Post on 19-May-2020
LIE TU V as
• •
UDK 902/904(475.5) Li301
Redaktoriq kolegija: Algirdas Girininkas (ats. redaktorius) (Lietuvos istorijos institutas)
Vytautas KazakeviCius (Lietuvos istorijos institutas)
Mykolas Michelbertas (Vilniaus universitetas) -Evalds Mugurevics (Latvijos universiteto Latvijos istorijos institutas)
Vytautas Urbanavicius (Pili"E tyrimo centras "Lietuvos pilys")
Gintautas Zabiela (sudarytojas) (Lietuvos istorijos institutas)
Autoril1 nuomone ne visada sutampa su redaktoril1 kolegijos nuomone.
ISSN 02-07-8694 ISBN 9986-23-094-2
© Lietuvos istorijos institutas, 2001 © Straipsniq autoriai, 2001
LIETUVOS ARCHEOLOGIJA. 2001. T. 21, p. 81-88. ISSN 02-07-8694
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HhIM KopeHHOMY HaCeJIeHHIO. He
HCKJIIOqeHO npH 3TOM H BJIHRHHe
RTBR)I(CKOH o6PRAHOCTH H, MO)l(eT
6hlTh, 06PRAHOCTH cpe,nHeeBpo--neHCKHX nepeCeneHJJ.eB.
Bo BTOPOM nonOBHHe I ThlCR
qeJIeTHR TeppHTopHR KyJIhTYPhl
BOCTOqHOnHTOBCKHX KypraHoB
• 1 =2 l..!..!..!..!.J
IIIlIlD 3 ~4 ~ 5
3Cl'hI
paClllHpReTCR B IO)l(HOM H BOCTOq- !>Hc. 4. PacnpoCTpaHeIDIe CepnOBJ1.llHb1X BHCO'lHhIX Koneu: 1 - rraMJITHlOOI C
HOM HanpaBJIeHHRX. Ha IOre reneph HaxO,m<aM11 CepnOBJ1.llHb1X Koneu; 2 - apean BOCTO~O-nHTOBCKI1X KypraHOi
OHa OXBaThlBaeT BeCh 6acceHH nocJle,mrnx BeKOB I TbICH'leneTIDI 11 Ha'lana II TbIcH:'leneTHH:); 3 - apean lUIHI!IIYJ
MRpKJ1ca, Ha BOCTOKe ,nOCTHraeT KypraHOB CMoneHCKo-nOnOUIGIX Kpillm'lei1; 4 - apean nCKOBCIGIX KpI1BH'leH; 5-perHoHa o3ep CBHPH H Hap0qJ1. B apean conOK cnOBeH HOBropo,UCIGIX.
- -COCTaB HOCHTeJIeH 3TOH KyJIhTyphI BKJIlOqaeTCR
pa3HOlIJ1eMeHHOe HaCeJIeHHe 3THX 3eMeJIh. C VI B. B
BOCTOqHO-JIHTOBCKHX KypraHax rocno,ncTByeT ~e
06PRA Jpynoco)l()l(eHHR, KOTOPhIH <PYHKUHOHHPOBaJI
B BOCTO~OH nHTBe ,no XIII B. BKJIIO~JIhHO. IIepBhle
TaKJ1e 3axopOHeHHR nORBJIRIOTCR B KypraHax B V B. B
OCHOBHOM B Tex )l(e MOfHJ1hHHKaX, 'ITO H Jpynono
JIO)l(eHHR. IIpHqeM paHHHe 3axopoHeHHR no 3TOH
06PRAHOCTH COBeplllaJIHCh B MOrHJ1hHhIX RMax no,n
HaChllIRMH KypraHOB. IIo3,nHee OCTaHKH KPeMaUHH
YMeplllHX CTaJIH nOMemaTh B HaChlllRX BOCTOqHO
JIHTOBCKHX KYpraHOB. IIocTeneHHo npHMeHeHHe -KaMHR npH coopY)l(eHHH KypraHHhlX HaChlneH
YMeHhlllaeTCR, OCTaeTCR JlHlllh KOJIhueBM 06KJ1a)l:Ka
OCHOBaHHH HaChlIlH. B BOCTO~OH nHTBe <pOPMH
PYeTCR e,nHHM 3THOKYJIhTYPHM 06mHOCTh C e,nHHhlM
nOrpe6aJIhHhlM 06PR,nOM H THnaMH noceneHHH,
OTO)l(.1l:eCTBJIReMM HCCJIe,nOBaTeJIRMH C JIHTBOH HJ1H
a)'KllfI1lHTaMH (Volkaite-Kulikauskiene,
1970, p. 32; TayTaBJ1qIOC, 1959, p. 142; TayraBJ1qlQC,
1980, c. 83-84; ThutaviCius, 1996, p. 46-57). o TOM, 'ITO HaCeJIeHHe BOCTO~OH nHTBhl B KOHJJ.e
IV- V BB. 6hlJIO Heo,nHopo,nHhIM B 3THHqeCKOM
OTHOllleHHH, rOBopRT H ,naHHhle naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrHH.
BhlSlCHReTCR, 'ITO ~Hhl H )l(eHII(HHhI, npe,nCTaB
JIeHHhle TpynonOJIO)l(eHHRMH paCCMaTpHBaeMoro
BpeMeHH, npHHa,nJIe)l(aJIH K pa3HhlM aHTpOnOJIO
rHqeCKHM THnaM. MY)I(CKOH qaCTH HaCeJIeHHR -CBOHCTBeHHa Y3KOJIHueCTh H rpaUHJIhHOCTh, 'ITO
THllHqHO .ll:JlR aHlpOnOJIorwqeCKoro cJpoeHHSl. paHHe
cpe,nHeBeKOBhlX RTBMOB CyaaJIKJ1H. )l(eHII(HHhI )l(e
84
npHHaMe)l(aJIH K YMepeHHO MaCCHBHOMY lllHpG-v
KOJIHueMY THny (Cesnys, UrbanaviCius, 1984, p.5(r 67; ,L(eHHcoBa, 1990, c. 38-40).
Hy)l(Ho nOJIaraTh, ~o OCHOBY ~CKOro HaceJJe"
HHR B 3HaqHreJIhHOH qaCTH COCTaBJIRJIH IIPHJ\lN
RTBRrH, KOTophle H npHHeCJIH B IOrO-BOCTO'lHWC
OKpaHHhI nHTBhl 06hNaH COop~eHHR KypraHOB C
npHMeHeHHeM KaMHR. 3TH M~HHhl BCryIIHJIH I
6paqHhle CBR3H C )l(eHII(HHaMH HHoro lIJ1eMeHH. CyJII no 6paCJIeTOo6pa3HhIM BHCO~M KOJIhuaM, IIOCJ\e.l'
HHe 6hlJIH po,nCTBeHHhI CJIaBRHCKOH qaCTH HaCeJleHBI
TYllleMJIHHCKOH KyJIhTyphl. K CO)l(aJIeHHIO, HHI
IIIHPOKOro pacnpoC'lpaHeHHR 06pRAa JpynocO)l(Jl(eHBI
KaK B KYJIhTYPax paHHero )l(eJIe3HOrO BeKa, raJ( HI paHHeM cpe,nHeBeKOBbe Ha OCHOBe aHJpOIIOJIOrn'lecDI
MarepHaJIOB pelJIHlb Bonpoc 0 npoHCXO)!(,l(eHHH )!(eHCID'
ro HaCeJIeHHSl. BOCTO~OH nmahl KOHUa N-V BB. II
npe,nCTaBJUleTCR B03MO)l(HhIM.
IIo Mepe paClllHpeHHR TeppHTopHH KYJlbrypil
BOCTOqHOJIHTOBCKHX KypraHOB HaCeJIeHHe, B c~
KOToporo )l(eHmHHhl HOCHJIH 6paCJIeTOo6pa31111
BHCOqHhle KOJIhua, BJIHBaeTCR B e,nHHoe KYJJb1)'JlHCI
npOCTpaHCTBO. B OTJIHqHe OT CMOJIeHcKoro nO' ,nHenpOBhR H IIoJIoUKOro IIo,nBHHhR 3,neCb 3TH YXJI' meHHR CXOMT CO CueHhl, 'ITO, no BceH BepmITHOClI,
06YCJIOBJIeHO JIHTyaHH3auHeH HX HocHTeJlcl
HaH60JIee n03,nHHe Haxo,nKH 6paCJIeTOo6pa3/U11
BHCOqHhlX KOJIeu B apeaJIe BOCTO'lHOJIHTOBCm
KypraHOB npOHCXOMT H3 KypraHOB C 3axopoHeHHlllll
no 06PRAY Jpynoco)l()l(eHHSl. B qepHoH nyxe. BIIp0'ICII,
He HCKJIIO'IeHO 6hlTOBaHHe nHX YKparneHH1I1
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nocne.D;ylOllJ,ero nepHo~a. npacneTO-
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6hlTOBaTb, KaK yx<.:e OTMe'lanOCb, ~O X-XIII BB., Kor~a OHM 6hlRH 6eccnop
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MeCTHoe HaceneHHe UeHTpanbHOH
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B VIII-X BB. rOBopHT HaxO~KH TaK
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Kone~ (pHC. 4). 3To - npOBOnO'lHble
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C HaxO,u;KaMJ1 6paCJIeTOO6pa3HhIX BHCO'IHhIX KOJIe~; 2 - n OT 5 ~o 10 CM, C Y3KonnaCTHH'laThlMH
C HaXO,llKllMH cepnOBH,TUfhlX BHCO'IHhIX KOJIeu; 3 - ~OHl1Mhl CJIaBIDfCKOro KOH~aMH, 3aXO~HllJ,HMH ~pyr Ha
DpOHcXOlK,lleHIDI (BHe reppHTopHH .JhtTBhI He KaPTorpaqmpOBaHhI). ~pyra. I1nocKHe 'IaCTH HX 06hl'lHO
n03,l1Hee, HO OHH MornH nonHOCTblO cropaTb Ha OpHaMeHTHpOBaRHCb Hape3HbIMH 3Hr3aroo6paJHbIMH
norpe6aJlbHhlX KOCTpax. 06 ynOTpe6neHHH HX B VI B. (Ha 60nee n03~HX 3K3eMIlJUlpax 3HI3arH
MO)J{HO CY~HTb no HaXO~Ke Ha rOpO~HllJ,e A)'KIll- TpaHc<pOPMHPYlOTCH B Hape3KH). HeKOTophle H3 3THX
T3,l\BlIPHC. Kone~ HMeRH KPIO'IOK Ha O~HOM H3 KO~OB. TaKHe
TaKHM o6pa30M, 0 pO~CTBeHHOCTH nHTBhl H YKpameHHH BeCbMa xapaKTepHhl ~nH ~nHHHhlX
CMOJJeHCKo-nono~ KPHBH'leH CB~ereRbCTByroT ~a KYPraHOB CMoneHCKo-nono~ KPHBH'lei1: VIII-IX BB.
o6croID'eJIbCTBa: 1) o6a nneMeHM npH <popMHpOBaHHH (Ce~oB, 1995, c. 229-238; Ce~oB, 1999, c. 140-145). BIIJITa.JIH B ce651 HaCeneHMe KYRbTYPhl mTpHXOBaHHOH I1pHMblX aHanOrHH 3THM BHCO'lHhlM KORb~aM B
ICepaMHKH; 2) ~pyrHM 3THH'leCKHM KOMllOHeHTOM, CHHXPOHHhlX HnH 60nee paHHHX MaTepHanax
CBlI3b1BaIOmHM 3TH nneMeHHble 06PaJOBaHH5I, 6billH BOCTO'lHO-eBponeHCKOH paBHHHbI He 06Hap)')KHBaeTC5I.
HOCMTeJIH nepBbIX 6pacneToo6pa3HbIX BHCO'lHhlX B nHTepaType BhlCKa3hlBanaCb ~or~Ka, 'ITO OHH
ICORel.\, KOTophle KaK B apeane rymeMRHHcKOH KYnb
'l)'PbI, TaK H Ha reppHTopHH JlHTBbI cne~eT OTHOCHTb
IC cnaBIDfCKOMY 3THOCy.
HHKaK HeRb3H comaCHTbCH C E. A. III~OM, u
ICOTOpblH nonaraeT, 'ITO 3TH YKPameHIDI pa3BHRHCb
H3 60JIee paHHHX BHCO'lHhlX Kone~, H3BeCTHbIX B
IJaMHTHHKax JIHTBhl (III~, 1996, c. 35; IIIM~T, 2000, c. 115-116). I1poBOnO'lHo--cnHpaRbHhle BHCO'l
HbIe KOJIb~a, 6bITOBaBUIHe KOpOTKOe Bpe~ (I-III BB.),
H llJIaCTHH'laThle Konb~a, ynoTpe6AABIIIHeC5I npe
HM}'ll.\eCTBeHHO BO II B. (H Te H ~pyrHe B 60nee
3aml.L\HbIX paHoHax JIHTBbI), HHKaK He MOrRH 6bITb
npoTonmaMH 6pacneToo6pa3HbIX BHCO'lHbIX Kone~ 3DOXH nepeceneHIDI HapO~OB H paHHero cpe~He
BeKOBbH. 06 3TOM rOBopHT H xpOHOnOrH'IeCKHe
HeCTbIKOBKH Me~ 3THMH YKPameHH5lMH.
E. A III~T nonaraeT, 'ITO eCRH Ha TeppHTopHH
JIHTBbI B I-III BB. HaceneHHe HOCHno BHCO'lHhle
KOJIbl.\a, TO H 6pacneToo6pa3Hhle Konb~a TYmeM
JlHHCKOro apeana MO~O OTHeCTH K 6anTCKOMY
HaCeJIeHHIO. I1naCTHH'laTble H cnHpanbHo-npOBO
JlO'llibIe BHCO'lHble KORb~a 6bITOBaJIH B JlHTBe BeCbMa
u
BOCXOMT K neTTO-RHTOBCKHM meHHbIM rpHBHaM C
3aXOMillHMH nnaCTHH'IaTbIMH KOH~aMH. O~HaKO nOCJIe~HHe HHKaK He MomH 6hlTb npOTOTHnaMH
BHCO'lHhlX Kone~, nOCKonbKY nonyqHRH uIHpOKoe
pacnpOCTpaHeHHe TORbKO B X-XI BB., a HaH60nee
~peBHHe H3 HHX ~aTHPYlOTC5I BpeMeHeM He paHee
Ko~a VIII B., KOma BHCO'lHble KORb~a B KYRb~ CMoneHCKo-nonO~KHX ~nHHHhlX KypraHoB y~e
6hlTOBanH. K TOMY ~e nocne~HHe CYllJ,eCTBeHHO u
OTRH'IaIOTC5I OT neTTO-RHTOBCKHX meHHhlX rpHBeH,
KOTophle He HMelOT npoBonO'IHoi1: OCHOBhl, CBOHC'''''I'''''BeH
HOH BHCO'lHhlM Konb~aM. HeT Ha HHX Ta~e HH
KPIO'IKOo6pa3HbIX 3aBepmeHHH, HH mTHxenbHhlX
3Hr3aroBblX Y30pOB.
OCHOBY CMoneHCKo-nonO~KHX cepnOB~HhlX BHCO'lHhlX Kone~, 6e3ycnoBHo, COCTaBAARH npOBO
nO'lHble(6pacneToo6paJHble)KORb~a,pacnpoCTpaHeH
HbJe B TymeMnHHCKoe Bpe~ H npO~OmKaBmHe
6hlTOBaTb B VIII-X BB. napanneRbHO. ,[ij>yrHM cna
raeMbIM 3neMeHTOM B O<popMReHHH cepnOB~HhlX
Kone~ 6hlRH nyHHH'lHhle YKPameHIDl, C KOTOPhlMH HX
pO~HHT H 3Hr3aroBhle mTHXeRbHble y30phl, H KPIO'lKO-
06pa3HbIe 3aBepllIeHIDl. CepnoBH~Hble Y3KonnacTHHQaTbIe paCIIlHpeHHH Ha rrpOBOJIO'lHbIX KOJIbl..(ax, O'leBH,lU{O, rrOHBHJIHCb KaK rroAPax<aHIDl KOJIbl..(aM, rrpHBHeceHHbIM B CMoJIeHcKo-IIoJIoI.IKJ-li1 KPaH rrepeceJIeHl..(aMH H3 .l1.YHaHCKHX 3eMeJIb (Ce~oB, 1999, c. 144 145). CeprrOBH,ll;HbIe KOJIbl..(a BCTpe'leHbI B TpeX BOCTO'lHOH JIHTBbl , lIHpQIOIIHH, CTaKafr).
o rrpmlGlBaHHH CJIaBHHCKoro HaCeJIeHIDl B IOroBOCTO'lHOH JIHTBe CBH~eTeJIbCTByIOT TalOKe MaTepHaJIbl rH.z:qJOHHMHH. BO)U{ble Ha3BaHIDl CJIaB5IHCKOro rrpOHcxo~eHHH Ha JIHTOBCKOH TeppHTopHH 6blJIH c06paHbl H rrpOaHaJIH3HpOBaHbI A. BaHaracoM
(BaHarac, 1981, c. 151-157) . .l1.aTHpoBaTb HX no .u;aH" HbIM JIHHrBHCTHKH He rrpe~CTaBJIHeTCH B03MO)l(}{hlM. IIpe~cTaBJIHeT HHTepec corrOCTaBJIeHHe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHH 3THX rH,ll;pOHHMOB C H3JIO)l(eHHhlMH ~aHHblMH 0 pacceneHHH CJIaBHH Ha JIHTOBCKOii TeppHTopHH (pHC. 5). KapTa BbUIBJIHeT KOHl.\eHTpauHlO rH.z:qJOHHMOB B rex 06JIaCTHX, r~e 06Hap}')KeHbl HaxOJJ;KH CJIaB5IHCKHX BHCOqHblX KOJIel..( cepe.u;I1Hhl H rrOCJIeJJ;HeH 'leTBepTH I TbIC5I'leJIeTHH.
TaKHM 06pa30M, YCTaHaBJIHBaeTC5I, 'ITO JII1TBa H
KpHBWlH 6blJIH B HeKOTopOM OTHOllIeHHH pO.u;CTBeH" HbIMH 06pa30BaHH5IMH, rrepBble - 6aJITO-CJIaB5IHCKHM IIJIeMeHeM, BTopbIe - CJIaB5IH0-6aJITCKHM.
JIlITEPATYPA
BaHarac A. II., 1981 - JIHToBcKHe rH,ll;pOHHMbI CJIaBHHCKOfO npOHCXO~eHHH / / naJITO-CnaBHHCKHe HCCJIe~OBaHHH. 1980. MocKBa, 1981, c. 151-157.
BOJIKaHTe-KYJIHKaycKeHe P., 1979 - 06pa30BaHHe IDITOBCKOH HapO~HOCTH (no ~aHHbIM apXeOJIOrHH) / / COBeTCKaH 3THorpacpHH. 1979. NQ 3, c. 31-46.
BOJlKllHTe-KYJlHKaycKeHe P., 1985 - O~e)lQl;a JIHTOBl..(eB C ~eBHeHurnx BpeMeH ~o XVII B. / / ,LWeBHHH o~e)lQl;a Hapo~OB BOCTO'lHOH EBponbI. MocKBa, 1985, c. 146-171.
.n;eHHCOBa P. R., 1990 - reorpacpHH aHTponOJIOfWleCKHX THnOB 6aJITCKHX flJIeMeH H 3THOfeHeTHqeCKHe npol..(eCCbI B I - Haqane 11 TbIC~eJIeTHH H.3. Ha reppHTOpHH lIHTBbI H JIaTBHH / / nanTbI, CJIaBHHe H npH6anrnHCKHe CPHHHbI: 3JHOreHemqecKHe npol..(eccbI. Pilla, 1990, c. 28-81.
JIYXTaH A., YlUHHcKac B., 1988 - K np06JIeMe CTaHOBJIeHHH JIHTOBCKOH 3eMJIH B COOle apXeOJIOrWleCKHX ~aHHhIX / / ,LWeBHocTH JlHTBbI H neJIOPYCCHH. BHJIbHIOC, 1988, c. 89-104.
Ce~oB B. B., 1982 - BOCTO~e CJIaBHHe B VI- XIII BB. (ApXeOJIOfHH CCCP). MocKBa, 1982.
Ce~oB B. B., 1994 - 1-13 3THHQeCKOH HCTOPHH HaCeJJeHHH cpe~HeH nOJIOCbl BOCTO'lHOH EBponbl BO BTOPOH nOJIOBHHe I TblC~eJJeTHH H.3. / / POCCHHCKaH apxeoJIOrHH. 1994, NQ 2, c. 56-70.
Ce~oB B. B., 1995 - CJIaBHHe B paHHeM cpe~HeBeKOBbe. MocKBa, 1995.
Ce~oB B. B., 1999 - ,LWeBHepycCKaH Hapo~HocTb. I1cTopHKo-apXeOJIOfH'leCKOe HCCJIe~OBaHHe. MocKBa, 1999.
TayTaBH'IJOC A., 1959 - BOCTOQHO-JIHTOBCKHe KYPraHbI / / Bonpocbl 3THWleCKOH HCTOPHH Hapo~oB ilpH6anTHKH. MocKBa, 1959. T. 1, c. 128-153.
TaYTaBH'IJOc A.3., 1980 - nanTCKHe IlJIeMeHa Ha TeppHTOpHH JIHTBbI B I TbIC~eJIeTHH H.3. / / l13.lij)eBHelimeH HCTOPHH 6anTcKHX HapO~OB. PHra, 1980, c. 80-88.
I1IMMT E. A., 1996 - 06 3THHQeCKOH npHHa.LVIe:«HOCTH flJIeMeH yYllIeMJIHHCKOH KYJIbTYPbI lV-VII BB. B BepXOBbHX )J;Henpa / / [iCTIlpbI'lHa-apxeanari'lHbl 360pHiJe. MiRCK, 1996. NQ 10, c. 33- 37 .
I1IMMT E. A., 2000 - 0 yYllIeM1ll1HCKOH KYJlb1)')le lV- VII BeKOB B BepXHeM IIo~enpoBbe H IIo.u;BHHDe (K BOnpOCY 3THWleCKOH aTpH6yUHH) / / IS balhj kultiiros istorijos. Vilnius, 2000, p. 113-123.
Cesnys G., Urbanavicius v., 1984 - M. e. I tiikstanlrneCio vidurio ryt4 Lietuvos gyventoj4 antropologija//Uetuvos TSR Moksl4 Akadernijos darbai. A serija. Vilnius, 1984. T. 3(88), p. 56-68.
Lietuvos, 1978 - Lietuvos TSR arcbeologijos atlasat Vilnius, 1978. T. 4.
Tautavicius A., 1996 - Vidurinis gelezies armius Uetuvoje (V-IX a.). Vilnius, 1996.
Volkaite-Kulikauskiene R., Senoves lietuvi4 molel1! galvos danga ir jos papuosalai / / IS lietuvi4 kultiiros iSlarijos. Vilnius, 1959. T. 2, p. 30-54, 342-346.
Volkaite-Kulikauskiene R., 1970 - Lietuviai IX-XII arnziais. Vilnius, 1970.
LIETUVA IR KRIVTrICIAI
Valentinas Sedovas
Santrauka
Didziojo tauhj kraustyrnosi rnetu zymi gyventoj4 dalis is Vidurio Europos persikele i rniskingas Ryt4 Europos lygurnos zemes. PersikeIeliai isikure ir teritorijoje, priklausiusioje baltarns, kurierns atstovavo bruksniuotosios kerarnikos ir Dniepro-Dauguvos kultUros (pav. 1). Pastarosios liaujasi egzistavusios ir IV-Va. sanduroje for-
86
rnuojasi naujos kulturines bendruornenes - Tusemliosku[. tUra. VITI-IX a. siarne regione atsiranda Srnolensko-Polocka kriviCiai ir Ryt4 Lietuvos pilkapi4 kultiira, priklausiusi ankstyY4j4 vidurarnZi4 Lietuvai (arba aukStaiciams). Pastarosios susidare susirnaisius vietinill gyventoj4 ir atejun4 kultUroms.
Vidurio Europos migrantai buvo ir slavai. Apie tai ildija rasti apyrankiq formos antsmilkiniai (pav. 2),
. atsiranda IV-Va. vidurio europieCiq kraustymosi lrityje ir islieka Smolensko Padniepreje ir Polocko Padauguvyje iki X-XIII a. Jq (kriviciq) slaviska atribucijanustatoma remiantis patikimais duomenimis. Rytq uetuvoje slavai - siq antsmilkiniq nesiotojai - buvo ankstyvlljll viduramziq gentinio darinio, zinomo tietuvos (aukstaiCiq) vardu, sudetyje (pav. 3). VIII-IX a. slaviskasis komponentas pietryCiq Lietuvoje dokumentuojamas negausiai rastais pjautuvo pavidalo antsmilkinill radiniais (pav. 4). Apie slavq gyvenim'l tarp Rytq Uetuvos baltq liudija ir hidronimikos medziaga (pav. 5). Taigi lietuyiai ir kriviciai buvo tam tikra prasme gimiBingOS baltq slavq bendruomenes.
ILIUSTRACIJQ St\RASAS
1 pay. Vidurio Europos Romos provincijos kilmes daiktq paplitimas Rytq Europos miskingoje srityje. (CetlOB, 1999, PI1C. 15): 1 - Psevoro kultiiros arealas; 2-Velbaro kultiiros areal as; 3 - Cerniachovo kultiiros arealas; 4 - Vakarq baltq sritis, paveikta Romos provincijos itakos; 5 - siaurine Romos imperijos riba; 6 - baltq genciq arealas; 7 - ugrofinq genciq arealas; 8 - paminklai su Vidurio Europos Romos provincijos daiktq tipo radiniais.
2 pay. Apyrankes formos antsmilkiniq paplitimas IV a. pabaigoje - VI a. pradzioje: 1 - paminklai su
apyrankes formos antsmilkiniq radiniais (Ce.o;oB, 1999, PI1C. 26; lietuviski radiniai pagal Lietuvos, 1988, zemelapis 2 su papildymais); 2 - Rytq Lietuvos pilkapiq arealas; 3 - Tusemlios kultiiros arealas; 4 - Pskovo ilgqjq piliakalniq kultiiros arealas.
3 pay. Apyraokes formos antsmilkinill radiniai Lietuvoje ir Rytq Lietuvos I tiikstantmecio vidurio pilkapynai: I - paminklai su apyrankes formos antsmilkiniq radiniais; II - pilkapynai su griautiniais kapais (JIyxraH, YIlII1HCKa, 1988, PI1C. 1) (1 - Radastai-Aleknonys; 2 -BakSiai; 3 - Luksnenai; 4 - Seiliiinai; 5 - Slabadele (Alovele); 6 - Migonys; 7 - Aukstadvaris; 8 - Eitulionys; 9 -
v
Kairenai; 10 - Zvirbliai; 11 - Varapniskes; 12 - prie Kernaves; 13 - Pakraugle; 14 - Grauiiniai; 15 - Diktarai;
v
16 - Dusetll region as; 17 - Eikotiskes; 18 - Zadavai-niai; 19 - Lygalaukis; 20 - Riklikai; 21 - Miezionys; 22-Ciornaja Luza; 23 - Medelskoje; 24 - Mikolcai; 25 -Prudnikai).
4 pay. Pjautuvo formos antsmilkinill paplitimas: 1-paminklai su pjautuvo form os antsmilkiniais; 2 - I tiikstantmecio paskutinill amZiq ir II tiikstantmecio pradzios Rytq Lietuvos pilkapiq areal as; 3 - Smolensko-Polocko kriviCiq ilgqjq pilkapiq arealas; 4 - Pskovo kriviciq arealas; 5 -Novgorodo slovenll pilkapiq arealas.
5 pay. SlaviSkos kilmes hidronimai Lietuvos teritorijoje: 1 - paminklai su apyrankes formos antsmilkiniq radiniais; 2 - paminklai su pjautuvo formos antsmilkiniq radiniais; 3 - slaviskos kilmes hidronimai (uz Lietuvos teritorijos ribl.! nekartografuoti).
IS ruslJ k. verte [nita Tamosiuniene
KRIVICHI
Valentin Sedov
Summary
During the Great Migration of the nations the significant part of the inhabitants from the Middle Europe migrated to the lands of the Eastern Europe which were full of forests. The new-comers settled in the territory that belonged to the Baits that were represented by the cultures of Dnepr-Dauguva and Brushed Ceramics. The latter stoped existing and in the IV-V centuries formed new culture communities - Tushemlia culture when the Krivichi of Smolensk-Polock emerged in the 8-9 centuries and the culture of the East Lithuania barrows that belonged to Lithuania (or upland Lithuanians) of the early Middle Ages. They were formed when the cultures of the local inhabitants and the new-comers mixed.
The migrants of the Middle Europe were also the
Slavs. It was proved by the found hair-rings of a bracelet shape found in the migration area of the Middle Europeans of the 4-5 centuries and remains in the Dnepr riverside of Smolensk and Daugava riverside of Plock until the 10-13 centuries. The Slavonic attribution (Krivichi) is determined according to the reliable data. The Slavs of the East Europe, the persons who wore those hair-rings were a part of the tribe unit, known as Lithuania (upland Lithuanians). In the 8-9 centuries the Slavonic components in the South East Lithuania is documented by the few found finds of the hair-rings of a sickle shape. The hydronomic material also witness about the presence of the Slavs. So both Lithuanians and Krivichi were the related BaIts - Slavs communities in a sense.
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THE LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1. Spreading of the artefacts originated from the province of Rome of the Middle Europe in the East Europe, in the area full of forests (Ce.n;oB, 1999, pHC. 15): 1-areal of the Przevor culture; 2 - areal of the Velbar culture; 3 - areal of the Cherniakhov culture; 4 - area of the West Baits influented by Rome province; 5 - the northern boundary of the Roman Empire; 6 - the arial of the Baits tribes; 7 - the arial of the U grofinns tribes; 8 - sites with the finds of a type of the artefacts of a type of the Rome province of the Middle Europe.
Fig. 2. Spreading of the hair-rings of a bracelet shape at the end of 4 century - the beginning of 6 century: 1 -sites with the finds of the hair-rings of a bracelet shape (Ce.n;oB, 1999, pHC. 26; Lithuanian finds according to the Lietuvos, 1988, map 2 with the annexes); 2 - areal of the barrows ofthe East Lithuania; 3 - areal of Tushemlia culture; 4 - areal of the Pskov culture of the long barrows.
Fig. 3. Finds of the hair-rings of a bracelet shape in Lithuania and the barrows of the middle of the 1st century of East Lithuania: I - sites with the finds of hairrings of a bracelet shape; II - barrow cemeteries with the
primary burials (flyxraH, YuIHHCKa, 1988, pHC. I) (1-Radastai-Aleknonys; 2 - BakSiai; 3 - Luksnenai; 4 -Seiliiinai; 5 - Slabadele (Alovele); 6 - Migonys; 7 -
v
AukStadvaris; 8 - Eitulionys; 9 - Kairenai; 10 - Zvirbliai; 11- VarapniSkes; 12 - near Kernave; 13 - Pakraugle; 14-Grauziniai; 15 - Diktarai; 16 - Dusetos region; 17-
v
Eikotiskes; 18 - Zadavainiai; 19 - Lygalaukis; 20-Riklikai; 21 - Miezionys; 22 - Chiomaya Luzha; 23 -Medelskoye; 24 - Mikolcy; 25 - Prudniki).
Fig. 4. Spreading of the hair-rings of a sickle shape; 1-monuments where sickle-shaped temple ornaments were found; 2 - areal of the barrow cemeteries of the East Lithuania from the last centuries of the 1st millennium and the beginning of the 2nd millennium; 3 - areal of the barrow cemeteries of the Krivichi of the Smolensk-Plock long barrows; 4 - areal of the Pskov Krivichi; 5 - areal of the Slovenes of the Novgorod barrows.
Fig. 5. Hydronims of the Slavonic origin in the terri·
tory of Lithuania: 1- sites with the finds of the hair·rings of a bracelet shape; 2 - sites with the finds of the hair· rings of a sickle shape; 3 - hydronims of the Slavonic ori· gin (non cartographed outside the territory of Lithuania).
Translated from Lithusnian by Rasa Tolvaisaili
Prof. habil. dr. Valentinas Sedovas (BaneHTHH BaCK1IbeBH'I Ce,n;oB) I1HCTIf1'YI' apxeoJIOIllli P AH,
Straipsnis gautas 2001 0223
yJI. ,D;M. YJIbSIHOBa 19, 117036, MocKBa, POCCIDI.
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