Levels of cellular organization

Atom MoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrganOrgan SystemOrganism

Cells

Prokaryotic

Bacteria

Eukaryotic

Animal Plant

Division of Cells

Eukaryotic Cells Literally means “True nucleus”

Have a ________ _______ Cells Have membrane-bound __________ Organisms made of eukaryotic cells are called

“________”Examples: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Unicellular organisms like paramecium and amoeba

Cellular Components

Cytoplasm ___-_____ substance ______ the cell

where organelles are foundCytoskeleton

“Cell skeleton” Network of _______ fibers that maintain

the ______ and structure of cell Composed of three networks of fibers

1. Microtubules: _______; hollow tubes made of protein; determine cell shape; scaffolding

2. ______________ Filaments: Provide strength of cell

3. Actin Filaments: ________; contractile string-like proteins that allow for cell ________

Cellular Components

Cell Membrane ______-permeable barrier that

_________ the cell Regulates what _____ and ______

the cell Provides protection Found in ____ types of cells

Cell Wall Porous, ______ barrier found

_________ the ____ ________ Adds additional layer of support

and protection _____ found in _______ cells

Organelles

Nucleus Houses the ______ material

(DNA) needed for replication of the cell

“______ Center” of the cell Contains the instructions

for the creation of proteins (made from DNA)

Exterior: Surrounded by nuclear envelope: double-layered ________ that encloses the DNA; contains nuclear pores: small ________ that allow for the passage of molecules between the _________ and the _______

Interior: DNA in the form of ___________ (string-like)• Nucleolus: where ribosomes are made; very _______ region

Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum A grouping of sac-like

structures _____ types of ER:

______ ER: contain ribosomes (creating ‘rough’ appearance); involved in the process of _______ synthesis

______ ER: no ribosomes; involved in ______ synthesis

Ribosomes Location where _______ are

made (protein synthesis)

Organelles

Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of membranes (pancake-like

appearance) Modifies, ____, and _______proteins received from the

ER. Break off from the golgi apparatus; float ________ in the

cell or travel to _______________where it will eventually___the cell.

Creation of _____________

Organelles

Lysosomes Contain _______ necessary for_______ of cell food or

waste Can break down lipids, carbs, proteins Digest non-functional organelles, ‘_______ ___’ the cell

Organelles

Vacuoles Sac-like structure responsible for _______ of various

materials (e.g. water, carbs, proteins, etc.)

Organelles

Mitochondria The “___________” of the cell Convert _____ energy into energy that is used by the

_____ itself (for growth, development, movement, etc.) via cellular respiration ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

_________ structure

Organelles

Chloroplast Site of _____________

Energy from ____ is captured and converted into chemical energy

Contain the pigment ________ which absorbs solar energy used in photosynthesis Responsible for the ______

color of plants

Organelles

Centrioles Made of ______________ Located ______ nucleus ___________ microtubules within the cytoskeleton prior

to cell division