LevelI:UkigoshiandLowsidedrop OneGreenStripe Ukigoshi(floatinghipthrow) Lowsidedrop

LevelII:FootSweepsandPins OneBrownStripe Osotogari(largeouterreap) Kosotogari(smallouterreap) Kesagatame(scarfhold) Ouchigari(largeinnerreap) Kouchigari(smallinnerreap) Guardposition Yokoshihogatame(side4-cornerhold) Udegarami(entangledarmlock)

LevelIII:HipThrowandArmlocks TwoBrownStripes Ogoshi(largehipthrow) Sidedrop Udegatame(armlock) Udehizagatame(kneearmlock)

LevelIV:MountandFinish BrownBelt Seoinage(shoulderthrow) Yokootoshi(sidedrop) Taniotoshi(valleydrop) Mountposition Jujijime(crosschoke) Jujigatame(crossarmlock)

LevelV:AdvancedThrows BlackBelt Tomoenage(circularthrow) Taiotoshi(bodydrop) Haraigoshi(hipsweep)

LevelVI:RandoriandGrappling

HistoryPriortotheimportationofKarate,theJapanesepracticedtheirownstyleofunarmedfightingcalledJu-jitsu(ju:soft,yielding;jitsu:technique).Formalizedin1532ADbyHisamoriTakenouchi,Ju-jitsuwasoriginallyintendedfordisarmedbushi(warriors)sothattheycoulddefendthemselvesagainstenemieswhowerestillarmed.Ju-jitsuutilizesclosecombattechniquesincludingstrikingtovitalareas,throwing,jointlocking,andchoking.Onehundredandfiftyyearslater,aJu-jitsumasterbythenameofProfessorJigoroKanocreateda“martialsport”byeliminatingJu-jitsu’slethalelementsandaddingrulesandregulationstotrainandeducatetheyoung.Foundedin1882,KodokanJudo(ju:soft;do:theway),“thegentleway”,involvesanticipatinganopponent’sattackandthrowingtheopponentusingminimumeffort,andthenfollowingupwithlocksandimmobilizations.Ajudokatrainsinfalling,unbalancingopponents,andeventually,freeattack(randori)whichincludesthrowingandgrappling.BasicJudoSkillsJudo,thesoftoryieldingway,isathrowingandgrapplingartthatismuchdifferentthanpredominantlystrikingartssuchaskarate.Youmustlearnhowtograbyouropponent,throwhimtotheground,andusegrapplingandcontrollingtechniquesifnecessary.ToaccomplishthisyoumustfamiliarizeyourselfwiththebasicJudostanceandgrip.TheStance

ThefundamentalJudostanceisessentiallyaforwardparallelstancewithyourkneesbenttoloweryourcenterofgravity.Facingyourpartner,grabhisleftlapelwithyourrighthand.Grasptherightsleeveofhisupperarmfromtheoutsideandslightlyunderneathwithyourlefthand.Twistthematerialofyouropponent’sgitotakeuptheslack,allowingyoutotightlycontrolyouropponent.Fromthispositionyoucanmovesmoothlyinalldirectionsandpushorpullwithyourarmstoupsetyouropponent’sbalanceandsethimupforathrow.Yielding

Remainrelaxed,supple,andflexible,respondingtoyouropponent’smovementsquicklyandsmoothly.InJudoyoudonotwanttouseforceagainstyouropponent.Instead,addyourforcetoyouropponent’sattack.Ifhepushesyou,youshouldpullhim,andifhepullsyoudonotresist,respondwithapush.Strategy,too,playsaroleinsettingupyouropponent.Forexample,initiateabriefandsuddenpushagainstyouropponent.Hisnaturalresponsewillbetoresistbypushingback,atwhichtimeyouquicklyreverseyourenergy,pullinghimforwardandoffbalance,settinghimupforathrow.

Unbalancing

Ifyouattempttothrowanopponentwhoisinastablestance,youwillprobablyfinditquitedifficult.Therefore,everythrowingtechniqueshouldfirstincludeaset-uptounbalanceyouropponent.InJudo,thisunbalancingiscalledkuzushiandisanessentialpartofeverythrow.Youropponentisweakestwhenyoupushorpullhimagainsthisstance.Todeterminethebestdirectiontooffbalancehim,imaginealinebetweenyouropponent’sfeet.Bisectthislinewithanotherline,perpendiculartothefirst,andyouwillknowinwhichdirectionsyouropponentisweakest.Thereareeightbasicdirectionsthatyoucanunbalanceyouropponent:1.Forwardintoyouropponent(pushyouropponentbackwardwithbothhands).

2.Backwardawayfromyouropponent(pullyouropponentforwardwithboth hands).

3.Toyourright(pullopponenttorightasyoupulldownwithyourrighthandand pushupwithyourleft,pinwheelingyouropponenttotheright).

4.Toyourleft(pullopponenttoleftasyoupulldownwithyourlefthandandpush upwithyourright,pinwheelingyouropponenttotheleft).

5.45-degreesforwardtoyourright(pushopponentbackwardtoyourrightasyou pulldownwithyourrighthandandpushupwithyourleft,pinwheeling youropponentforwardtotheright).

6.45-degreestoforwardto yourleft(pushopponent backwardtoyourleftas youpulldownwithyour lefthandandpushup withyourright, “pinwheeling”your opponentforwardto theleft).

7.45-degreesbacktoyourright (pullopponentforward totherightasyoupull downwithyourright handandpushupwith yourleft,“pinwheeling” youropponent).

8.45-degreesbacktoyourleft (reversethedirectionsin number7above).

RollingandFallingThewell-roundedmartialartistshouldpreparefortheeventualitythathe/shemaybetripped,thrown,orotherwiseknockedtothegroundatanytime.Therearewaystofallinacontrolledmannerthatcanbeusedtodissipatetheforceoftheimpactandtoreducethechancesofbodilyinjury.Techniquesofcontrolledfallingincludemethodsofdropping,absorbingtheimpactwithaproperbreakfall,androlling.Whenitcomestorolling,thesphereisunparalleledindesign,anditisthisshapethatshouldbeemulatedwhentumbling.ForwardRoll OneGreenStripeTheforwardrollisalsocalledashoulderroll,becauseyourollfromoneshoulderdiagonallyacrossyourbacktotheoppositehip.Itshouldnotbeconfusedwithafronttumbleorsomersaultasseeningymnastics,whichentailsrollingdirectlyalongyourspine.Toexecuteaforwardroll,putonefootforwardandbendattheknee.Placebothhandsonthegroundinfrontofyou,fingerspointinginwardtowardseachother.Donotputanysignificantweightonyourarms.Tuckyourheadtotheshoulderoppositeyourleadarmandkeepittuckeduntilyourise.Pushoffwithyourrearlegandrollalongtheouteredgeofyourleadhand,uptheforearmtoyourupperarm,andsmoothlyontoyourshoulder,rollingdiagonallyacrossyourbacktotheoppositehip.Kickyourfeetoveryourheadandrollstraightforwardinasingle,fluid,circularmovementlikeaball,usingyourforwardmomentumtorisebackintoastandingposition.Initially,thisrollmaybepracticedfromacrouchedposition,thenfromastandingposition,andfinallyfromadive,whereyouleapintotheairandlandwithahands-firstforwardroll!

BackwardRoll TwoGreenStripesThefirststepsofthebackrollincludetuckingyourchintoyourchest,bendingyourknees,andliftingyourarmsinpreparationforaidingintheroll.Whenexecutingarightbackroll,tuckyourlefteartoyourleftshoulder,clearingyourrightshoulderfortheroll.Useyourlegstoguideyourbodybysteppingbackwithyourleftfootasyouloweryourhipstotheground.Yourbodythenrollsbackwardtothemat,contactingfirstwiththeleftbuttockandrollingdiagonallyacrossyourbacktotheoppositeshoulder(avoidrollingdirectlydownyourspine).Themomentumofyourbodycarriesyourlegsoveryourrightshoulder.Astheballsofyourfeetcomeincontactwiththematbehindyourhead,themomentumoftherollcarriesyourupperbodyoffthematintoacrouchfromwhichyoumaystandandassumeanappropriateguardedposture.

BackFall TwoGreenStripesTherearbreakfallcallsforapowerfulslappingofthemattocounteracttheenergyofyourfall.Thistechniquemaybeperformedindividually,oraspartofabackwardroll.Beginbyimmediatelytuckingyourchintightlytoyourchest.Asyourbodyfallsback,raiseyourhandsandarmsslightlytothefront.Asyourshouldershitthemat,yourhandsshouldbebroughtdownsharply,slappingthematpowerfullywithyourpalms.Yourarmsforma45degreeangletoyourbody;theyshouldneitherbetooclosenortoofar,norshouldtheybeexcessivelytense.Yourloosehandsandarmsshouldsmackthematandbounceoff(ifyourhandsarestickingtothemat,thenyourarmsaretootense).Theharderyouslap,themoreimpactwillbeabsorbed.Remember,yourchinmustremainsafelytuckedtoyourchestatalltimestoprotectyourheadandneck.

FrontDrop GreenBeltThefrontdropisusedwhenyouarebeingthrownforwardontoyourfaceandwhenyouaretooclosetothegroundordon’thavetheroomforarollingbreakfall.Initiallyyoucanpracticethefrontdropfromakneelingposition,thenspringingforwardfromacrouch,andfinallymoveuptodroppingandevenjumpingintothefrontdropfromastandingposition.Anywayyouinitiatethemovement,thebasictechniqueremainsthesame.Asyoufall,bendforwardslightlyatthewaist,keepyourelbowsclosetoyoursides,yourforearmsclosetoyourchest,andtheopenpalmsofyourhandsfacingout.Thelargesurfaceofyourpalmsandforearmsactasshockabsorbersforthefallbydissipatingtheenergyoveralargerareathanifyouhadlandedonthepalmsofyourhandsalone.Asyourhit,slapthematforcefully,turnyourheadtotheside,andexhalesharply.Landontheballsofyourfeetandtrytokeepyourkneesfromevertouchingtheground.Quicklyrolltothesidetoevadeanyfurtherattack.FrontTumble GreenBeltTopracticethefronttumble,beginwithyourfeetinawidenaturalstance,bendforwardandtouchyourpalmstothematinfrontofyou.Tuckyourheadandlookatyourbelt.Flexyourkneesandspringup,flippingyourfeetoveryourheadwhileloweringyourshoulderstothemat.Keepyourchintuckedandyourheadoffthemat.Asyourshouldershitthemat,extendyourarms45degreesfromyourbodyandslapthematstronglywithyourpalms.Asyourlegscompletethetumble,archyourhipsupwardtoavoidhittingyourkidneys,spine,orpelvis.Landontheballsofyourfeetwithyourheelsoffthematandyourkneeswidetoabsorbtheshock.Theangleofyourkneesshouldexceed90degreestoprotectyourkneejointsespeciallyincaseswherethereisstillalotofforwardmomentumatthetimeofimpactthatyourlegsmustabsorb.Exhalestronglyjustbeforeimpacttoavoidgettingthewindknockedoutofyou.

LevelI:UkigoshiandLowsidedropUkigoshi(floatinghipthrow)Ukigoshiisasimplethrownotmuchdifferentthanthekuzushidrillmentionedearlier.Graspyouropponentinastandardjudogrip,thenpullhimbackandtoyourright,pullingyouropponentforwardasyoupulldownwithyourrighthandandpushupwithyourleft,“pinwheeling”youropponenttoyourright.Ukegoshicanbeexecutedequallywelltotheleft.Theukigoshithrowcanbeappliedtoandpracticedduringkataapplications.Eachtimeyoumakeaturninthekata,applytheukigoshithrowtotakedownandfinishyourstunnedopponent.LowsidedropLearningtotakeafallcanbeanintimidatingtaskforthebeginner.Thekeyistoincreasethedifficultygradually,andbeforeyouknowityoucantakenearlyanyfallsafely.Thelowsidedropisaneasy,introductorymethodoffallingthatallowsyoutoovercomeyournaturalfearofhittingtheground,andallowsyourbodytosafelyabsorbtheshockofimpact.Toaccomplishthis,youwillwanttomaximizethesurfaceareaofyourbodythatcomesintocontactwiththegroundtospreadandlessentheforceofthefall(moresurfacearea=lessforcepersquareinch).Initially,youshouldpracticeonamatorothersoftsurface.Toperformalowrightsidedrop,squatontheballofyourleftfootasyouextendyourrightleginfrontofandacrossyourbody.Tuckyourchintoyourchestasyoudroptoyourrightandslightlybackwards,slappingstronglywithyourrightarmwhilesimultaneouslyfallingontoyourentirerightside.Inthefinalposition,yourrightarmisextendedapproximately45degreesfromyourbody,palmfacingdown,whileyourleftarmiskeptclosetoyourbodyforprotection.Yourlegsareopenwithyourleftkneepointingup,andonlytheballofyourleftfootbarelytouchingtheground.Yourchinremainstuckedtokeepyourheadfromevertouchingtheground.Youcangraduallyincreasetheheightofyoursquatasyourabilitytotakethefall

increases.Ittakesgoodtimingandmuchpracticetomakethesidedropaneffectiveandreliabletechnique.Checkyourfinalpositionoftenuntilyoursidedropbecomescomfortableandautomatic.

LevelII:FootSweepsandPins Osotogari(largeouterreap)Thebigoutsideclipisbasicallyaheel-to-heelfootsweepandtakedown.Beginfromabasicjudogrip,withyouandyouropponentfacingeachotherinrightstances.Unbalanceyouropponent45degreesbackwardtohisrightasyoustepyourleftfootoutsidehisrightfoot.Pressyourrightshoulderagainsttheyouropponent’srightshoulder.Atthesametime,pushyouropponent’srightelbowtowardshiscenterlinewithyourlefthand.Quicklyslipyourrightfootoutsideyouropponent’srightleg,bringingthebacksofyourcalvestogether,andreaphisrightfootoutfromunderhim.Heshouldfallbackwardintoaleftsidedrop.Allthesestepsneedtobeperformedinasingle,fluidmotion.Agoodfollowuptoosotogariistodropwithyouropponentandpinhimwithkesagatame.Ifyouremainstandingoveryouropponent,donotbendoveryouropponentashecouldpullyouforwardanddown.

Kosotogari(smallouterreap)Thesmalloutsideclipisbasicallyanarch-to-heelfootsweep.Setthetechniqueupinthesamewaythatyouwouldanosotogari,butratherthanreapingwithyourrightleg,performaleftlegsweep,crossingyourcenterwithyourleadfoot.Kosotogariisagoodfollowuptoafailedosotogari,unexpectedlysweepingyouropponent’sfootasecondtimeassoonashegoestoplaceitbackontheground.Followupasyouwouldwithosotogari(seeabove).

Kesagatame(scarfhold)Kesagatameisoneofthemostsimpleandeffectivepinningtechniquesinjudo.Onceyouhavebecomecomfortablewithpin,youwillbeabletoholddownandeffectivelyimmobilizeamuchlargeropponent.Itisbesttobeginapplyingpinassoonasyouhavecompletedathrow,butbeforeyouropponenthasevenhittheground.Fromtheopponent’srightside,wrapyourrightarmaroundhisneckandgraspthebackofhiscollarwithyourrighthand,palmfacingin.Withyourlefthandgrabyouropponent’srightsleeveand“hug”hisarmtightlyaroundyourbody.Tuckyourheadintoyouropponents,withyourfaceturnedtotheleft.Yourrightlegshouldbestraightouttothefrontwithyouleftlegbentasinahurdlerstretch.Loweryourhipsandupperbody,keepingyourrightbuttockonthefloorasyourollallyourweightbacktoapplypressureonyouropponent’schestmakinghardforhimtobreathe.

Ouchigari(biginsidereap)Thebiginsideclipisbasicallyaheel-to-heelfootsweepontheinside.Beginfromabasicjudogrip,withyouandyouropponentfacingeachotherinrightstances.Pushagainsthisleftshoulderwithyourrightarmasyouinsertyourleftfootbetweenhislegs,hookinghisrightleadlegfromtheinside.Lifthisleghighbehindyouasyoudriveyourbodyforward,drivingyouropponentbackwards.Afterexecutingasuccessfulouchigari,youropponentwilloftentrytotrapyouinhisguard.

Kouchigari(smallinsidereap)Thesmallinsideclipisbasicallyanarch-to-heelfootsweepexecutedontheinside.Beginfromabasicjudogrip,withyouandyouropponentfacingeachotherinrightstances.Pushagainsthisleftshoulderwithyourrightarmasyouinsertyourrightfootbetweenhislegs,hookinghisrightleadlegfromtheinside.Lifthisfootasyoudriveyouropponentbackwardsbydrivingyourbodyforward.Kouchigariisagreatfollowuptechniquetoafailedouchigari.GuardpositionTheguardisagroundgrapplingpositioninwhichonecombatanthastheirbacktothegroundwhileattemptingtocontroltheothercombatantusingtheirlegs.Theguardisconsideredanadvantageouspositionbecausethebottomcombatantcanattackwithvariousjointlocksandchokeholds.Sometimesreferredtoasthefullguard,theclosedguardisthebasicguardpositionwhereyourlegsarehookedaroundyouropponentwithyourfeetlockedtogetherbehindhisback,preventinghimfromstandingupormovingaway.Ifyourfeetarenotlockeditiscalledanopenguard,whichoffersmoreversatility,butislesssecure.Whentrappedintheguard,yourpriorityshouldbetoescapeandtransitiontoamoredominantposition,aprocessknownaspassingtheguard.

Yokoshihogatame(sidefour-cornerholddown)Fromyouropponent’srightside,leanoverhimatarightangleandholdhimdownonhisbackwithyourbody.Anchorhis fourcornersbypinninghisheadbetweenyourleftelbowandknee,andhiswaistwithyourrightelbowandknee.Fromhere,isolatehisleftarmandworktowardsapplyinganUdegarami(entangledarmlock).UdeJujiGarami(entangledarmlock)Jujiudegarami,crossedarmlockorentangledarmlock,isappliedwhenyougrabyouropponent’swristwithonehandwhileslippingyourotherhandunderhisupperarm,grabbingyourownwristandwrenchinghiselbow.

Againstafallenopponentlyingonhisback,moveinfromhisrightsideandapplyayokoshihogatameholddown.Pinhisleftwristdownwithyourlefthand.Keepthebackofhishandpressedtothefloorasyouslipyourrighthandunderhisupperleftarmtograbyourownleftwrist,withthefingersofyourrighthandontop.Bendhisarmtoa90-degreeangle,thenliftyourrightelbow,wrenchinghiselbowupward.

Iftheopponent’shandisfacingdown,pinhisleftwristdownwithyourrighthand.Keepthepalmofhishandonthefloorasyouslipyourlefthandunderhisupperleftarmtograbyourownrightwristwiththefingersofyourlefthandontop.Bendhisarmtoa90-degreeangle,pullhislefthandtowardshisarmpit,andliftyourrightelbow,wrenchinghiselbowupward.

LevelIII:HipThrowandArmlocks Ogoshi(largehipthrow)Whereastheosotogariisarearthrow,ogoshiisaforwardthrow.Beginfromabasicjudogrip,withyouandyouropponentfacingeachotherinrightstances.Pushyouropponentbackward.Youropponentwillinvoluntarilyresistandreturnyourpush.Whenhedoes,pullhimforwardandstepyourrightfootinsideyouropponent’srightfoot.Theinstantheleansoverforward,pivotonyourrighttoes,twistyourbodytoyourleft,andbringyourleftfoottoyourright.Simultaneouslyslipyourrightarmaroundyouropponent’swaistasyouslideyourrighthipacrosshisbodysothatthefrontofhisbodyisagainstyourback.Replacehisposturewithyourown,thenbendforwardatthewaistasyoupulldownhardwithyourlefthand.Thesestepsneedtobepracticeduntiltheycanbeperformedinasingle,fluidmotion.Agoodfollowuptoogoshiistodropwithyouropponentandpinhimwithkesagatame.Ifyouremainstandingoveryouropponent,applyanudegatamearmlock.Donotbendoveryouropponentashecouldpullyouforwardanddown.

SideDrop Thesidedropcanbeusedafterrolling,beingthrown,orswepttosafelydispersetheforceofthefall.Itisthemostcommonandusuallysafestmethodofdealingwithsuchasituation.Whenfallingtoyourleft,tuckyourchintoyourchestasyoudrop,slappingstronglywithyourleftarmwhilesimultaneouslyfallingontoyourentireleftside.Exhalestronglytoavoidhavingthewindknockedoutofyou.Inthefinalposition,yourleftarmisextendedapproximately45degreesfromyourbody,palmfacingdown,whileyourrightarmiskeptclosetoyourbodyforprotection.Yourlegsareopenwithyourrightkneepointingup,andonlytheballofyourrightfoottouchingtheground.Yourchinremainstucked,eyeslookingatyourbelttokeepyourheadfromhittingtheground.

Udegatame(armlock)Inudegatameyoubendyouropponent’selbowbackbycontrollingitfromtheoutside.Itcanbeappliedwheneveryouropponentcarelesslythrustsoutanarm,andcanbedonefromseveralpositions.Toapplytheudegatamearmlockfromastandingpositionoverafallenopponent,moveintoyouropponentfromhisright.Clamphisrightwristtightly,pullingitupwardsasyoupressyourrightshinagainstyouropponent’sleftsideandabdomen,checkinghisrollandpreventinghimfromrising.Pinchhisarmbetweenyourkneesandapplypressureagainsthisrightelbow.Maintainanupwardtensiononhisarmasyoubenditbackattheelbowagainstyourknees.Ifyouropponentmanagestorolltohisback,keepagriponhiswristanddroptoyourkneesnexttohim.Hewilllikelyusehisfree,lefthandtotrytopunchyouintheface.Whenhedoes,parryhispunchintothecrookofyourneckandshoulder,clampinghisleftwristtightlybetweenyourrightshoulderandtherightsideofyourneck.Putthepalmofyourrighthandonyouropponent’sleftelbow,reinforcingitwithyourleft.Straightenhisarmandtwistitslightlytothelefttobenditbackattheelbow.

Udehizagatame(kneearmlock)Faceyouropponentonyourknees.Getagriponyouropponent'srightsleevejustabovehiselbowwithyourlefthand,righthandonhislapel.Releaseyourlefthandandquicklypassyourleftarmoveryouropponent'srightarm,trappinghisrightwristinyourleftarmpit.Griptheoutsideofhisrightsleevewithyourlefthand;yourrighthandmaintainsitsoriginalgripontheleftlapel.Forceyouropponentoff-balancetohisfrontasyoubringyourrightfoottothefrontofhisleftthigh,checkinghisleftleg.Straightenyourrightlegandtwistyourhipsforcinghimforwardontohisface.Bringyourleftkneebehindyourleftarmandtwistyourhipstotheright,bendingyouropponent'srightarmbackattheelbow.Variation:Set-upasabove,butasyoubringyourleftlegaround,swingyourleftfootoveryouropponent'srightarmandundertheirneck(donotturnascompletelyasinthefacedownversionofjujigatame).Bendtheirrightarmbackattheelbowbythrustingforwardwithyourhips.Youcanalsoapplypressuretotheoutsideoftheirrightelbowusingtheinsideofyourleftknee.

LevelIV:MountandFinish IpponSeioNage(onearmshoulderthrow)Startinashortrightstanceandgetagriponyouropponent'srightsleevejustabovehiselbowwithyourlefthand,righthandonhislapel.Pushyouropponentbackwardsandtakeadvantageofthereturnpushbyretreatingastepwithyourleftfoot,leadinghimtohisrightfront.Releaseyourrighthandandswingitdownontheoutsideofhisleftarm,grabbinghisleftwrist,andtraphisleftarmacrosshisbody.Atthesametime,stepyourrightfootinfrontofhisrightfootandpivotyourbodytotheleftasyoustepbackwithyourleftfoot.Pullhisrightarmforwardwithyourlefthandasyouplaceyourrightshoulderunderyouropponent'srightarmpitandgrabhisrightsleevewithyourrighthand.Lifthimontoyourbackasyoustraightenyourlegsandspringyourhipsupandtotherear.Simultaneouslypullforwardanddownwithbotharms,throwingtheopponentacrossyourrightshoulderanddowninfrontofyou.

Yokootoshi(sidedrop)Inyokootoshi,youstartfromabasicjudogrip,thenextendyourleftlegandslidedowntheopponent’srightsideasthoughyouweregoingtoperformaleftsidedrop.Sinceyourleftlegcheckstheopponent’srightstep,hecannotregainhisbalanceandwillbedraggedtothegroundwithyou.Usethemomentumofyourfalltorollintothemountandfinish.

Taniotoshi(valleydrop)Whereasyokootoshiisperformedfacingyouropponent,taniotoshiisperformedwhenyouropponenthasturnedandisattemptingtothrowyouforward.Sliptotheopponent’srightsideasyouextendyourleftlegandslidedowntheopponent’srightsideasthoughyouweregoingtoperformaleftsidedrop.Sinceyourleftlegcheckstheopponent’sfeet,hecannotstepbacktoregainhisbalanceandwillbedraggedtothegroundwithyou.Usethemomentumofyourfalltorollintothemountandfinish.MountpositionThemount,ormountedposition,isadominantgrapplingposition,inwhichyoustraddleyouropponent,whoislyingonhisback.Whilekeepingyourfeettucked,widenyourkneesandsinkyourhips.Thisgreatlyimprovesyourbalancebecauseitbothbroadensyourbaseandlowersyourcenterofgravity.Italsoputsfarmorepressureonyouropponentbeneathyou.Inthehighmountyousitrightoveryouropponent’ssternum,withyourkneesforcinghisarmsfarawayfromhismid-section.Asageneralrule,youshouldtrytoworkyourwaytowardsahighmountbecauseitoffersyouthemostattackoptions.

Jujijime(crosschoke)Jujijimeismostcommonlyappliedwhenyoumountyouropponent,butcanalsobeappliedwithyouropponenttrappedinyourguard.InBrazilianJiuJitsu,thischokeisreferredtoasafrontlapelstranglehold.Sincethischokeappliespressureonthecarotidarteries,itisclassifiedasavascularchoke.Sinkyourhandsdeepintotheopponent'scollarandgrabthematerialofhisuniform.Applythechokebyspreadingyourelbowsapartandapplyingpressuretothesidesoftheopponent’sneckwithyourforearms.

Jujigatame(crossarmlock)Beginfromastandingpositionoveryouropponent,whohasjustbeenthrownandislyingonthegroundfaceup.Moveinfromhisleftsideandgrasphisleftwristwithbothhands.Pullyouropponent'sarmup,turninghimontohisrightsideasyoubringyourrightfootoverhisheadandstrikehimintheneckwithyourcalf.Clamphisleftarmbetweenyourthighsanddropback,preventingyouropponentfromrisingbykeepingyourrightlegclampedoveryouropponent'sneck.Tomaximizeyourleverageinthelock,slidedowntheopponent’sarminsuchawayastominimizetheamountofspacebetweenyourbuttocksandhisshoulder.Finally,raiseyourhips,thrustingyourabdomenoutasyoupullonhisleftwristwithbothhandstoapplypressureagainsthiselbow.

LevelV:AdvancedThrows Tomoenage(circularthrow)Tomoenageisperformedbygrippingyouropponenthighthenfallingbackwardasinabackwardroll,flippinghimoveryourhead.Startingfromastandardjudogrip,pushyouropponentwiththeintentionofelicitingapushinresponse.Assoonashemovestopushback,pullhimforwardandoffbalance.Plantyourfootonyouropponentatwaistlevelandapplystrongpressureasyourollontoyourback.Thiscausesyouropponenttoflipoveryou,landingonhisbackinafronttumblebreakfall.Thefinalpositionisbothpractitionersareontheirbacks,headtohead.Variationsthatmaintainthehighgripandcompletethebackwardrollallowyoutoendupinthemountatthecompletionofthethrow.

Taiotoshi(bodydrop)Assumeastandardjudogripwithyouropponent.Asyoubreakyourattacker’sbalancetowardshisrightfront,bringyourleftfootaroundbehindyourrightfoot,thenpivotonyourleftfootturningyourbodytoyourleftandbendingyourleftknee.Simultaneouslyextendyourrightlegbehindyou,checkingyourattacker’srightfootankle-to-ankle.Continueturningyourbodytoyourleft(keepingyourleftkneebent)asyouuseyourhipsandarminunisontothrowyourattackerdowninfrontofyou.

Haraigoshi(hipsweep)Assumeastandardjudogripwithyourpartner.Moveyourrightfootbackandtoyourrightasyoupullyouropponentwithyourrighthand,causinghimtostepforwardwithhisleftfoot.Stepyourleftfootnearyourattacker’sleftfootasyoupullwithyourlefthand,causingyourattackertoleanforward.Pivotonyourleftfootandturnyourbodytotheleft.Bringyourrightleginacrossthefrontofyouropponent’srightlegwiththebackofyourrightthighagainstthefrontofhisrightthigh.Asyouropponentfallsforward,sweepyourrightlegbackandslightlyofftheground.Completethethrowbyturningyourheadtoyourleftasyourattackerfallsoveryourrighthipandupperthigh.

LevelVI:RandoriandGrapplingRandoriisfreepracticewithapartner,notunlikesparringistokarate.Bothcombatantsattempttousetheirskillstotaketheiropponenttothegroundandsubmithim.Toengageinthistypeoftraining,bothpartnersmustbewellversedinfallingsafely.Still,keepinmindthatthisispractice,notcompetition,andthereforeyouarealwaysresponsibleforyourpartner’ssafety.Takeyourpartnertothegroundassafelyaspossible.Onceontheground,followupwithgrappling,movingtosubmityouropponent.Standupjudorandoricanstartwithbothpartnersinastandardjudogrip,oryoucanstartasmalldistanceapartandfightforgrips.Youmayuseanytechniquetotakeyouropponentdown,buttrytoconcentrateondevelopingthecoreskillspresentedinthecurriculum.Grapplingrandoricanstartontheground,ofteninakneelingposition.AdviceonTrainingPracticewithlowerranksYoushouldbetryingtothrownewthrowsanddevelopyoursecondarytechniqueswhenyoupracticewithlowerranks.Youcantrynewcombinationsoftechniquesoropposite-sidethrows.Neverpracticeall-outwithabeginner,foryouriskmakinghimorherbecomingfearfulofrandoripractice.PracticewithequalsThefirsttendencyisforthepracticetodevelopintoacontest.Youshouldtrytopreventthisinyourrandoripractice.Movelightlyinordertoincreasethespeedandstrengthofyourattacks.Worktogethertoexpandeachother’sabilitiesandperfectyourtechniques.PracticewithhigherranksIngeneral,youshouldattackallthetime.Itiswastingeverybody'stimetotakeupacontestattitudeagainstamuchhigherrank.Attackmanytimes,anddonotwaitforthehigherranktoattack.Amuchmoreskilledjudokaisnotinterestedinthrowingyoumanytimes.Instead,heorshewantsyoutoattack,soafterwardstheycangiveyouadviceonhowtoimproveyourtechnique.Normally,waitforthehigherranktodecidewhentoendamatch.