Introduction to Arduino

Seng Kang Secondary School Applied Learning Programme

(ALP)

Lesson Objective

• What is Arduino• Parts of Arduino board• Programming codes / Arduino

Software

What is an Arduino?• Microcontroller board• Arduino can be used to develop interactive

objects, taking INPUTS (eg. Switches or sensors) and controlling physical OUTPUTS (eg. Lights or motors)

• The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled

Power in

USB (to computer)

Digital I\OPWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)RESET

POWER 5V / 3.3V / GND

Analog INPUTS

Arduino

How Arduino works?

Human inputsEyeEar

NoseTongue

Skin

Output examples

Activate armsActivate legs

Activate mouth

Human brain

Output examples

Activate LEDsActivate Servo

Activate buzzer

Arduino inputsLight Sensors

Heart Rate sensors

Temperature sensors

Other inputs

Arduino Board

How Arduino works?

Arduino board blinks

the LED

Computer uploads

blinking LED code to Arduino board

Teacher shows how to connect the Arduino components

Student connects the

Arduino components

Student’s brain

Arduino Board

Digital Pins vs Analog Pins

• Digital Pin– There is two

modes (eg: ON/OFF)

• Analog Pins– Variable range (eg: dimming the light, different intensity)

Arduino Software(Sketch)

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

√ Polarity

Examples of LED

Activity: Blinking LED

Assemble

Negative leg LED GND

Positive leg LED Pin 13

Codes

• Step 1: Double click the icon to OPEN up the IDE

• Step 2: TYPE the code into the space below.

• Step 3: Click on to VERIFY the codes.

• Step 4: Click on to UPLOAD the codes to the board.

What does the codes means?

What do you observe after the

codes are uploaded?

End with a semi-colon ( ; )

const int led = 13;

void setup ()

{

pinMode (led, OUTPUT);

}

void loop ()

{

digitalWrite (led, HIGH);

delay(1000);

digitalWrite (led, LOW);

Delay (1000);

}

Declaration

Setup function(Preparation)

Loop function (Execution)

Open and close with curly brackets { }

Let’s Decode!!!

const int led = 13;

void setup ()

{

pinMode(led, OUTPUT);

}

void loop ()

{

digitalWrite (led, HIGH);

delay(1000);

digitalWrite (led, LOW);

delay(1000);

}

Declare LED as pin 13

Define LED as OUTPUT

HIGH LED On

LOW LED Off

Duration between blinks (In millisecond)

void loop ( )

{

digitalWrite (led, HIGH) ;

delay(1000);

digitalWrite (led, LOW);

delay(1000);

}

void loop ( )

{

digitalWrite (led, HIGH) ;

delay(500);

digitalWrite (led, LOW);

delay(500);

}

What do you observe after the codes are

changed?

Keywords• Arduino Board: Physical programmable circuit

board (also known as microcontroller)• Sketch: The name that Arduino uses for a

program. It is where the program codes are written.

• LED: Light Emitting Diode. Is an output.