LECTURE 7LECTURE 7

Theme: Verbs. Theme: Verbs. Tenses of Verbs.Tenses of Verbs.

Past and future Past and future tenses. tenses.

PlanPlan1. Verb.1. Verb. 2. 2. Tenses of Verbs.Tenses of Verbs.

To study - To study - вчитивчити

To sit- To sit- сидітисидіти

To readTo read- читати- читати

To shout To shout - кричати- кричати

To speak - говорити

To buy To buy - купувати- купувати

Tenses of Verbs Tenses of Verbs

Ukrainian verbs have Ukrainian verbs have only three basic only three basic tenses: present, past, tenses: present, past, and future.and future.

Present tensePresent tense

Historically, this is derived from the Historically, this is derived from the Indo-European present tense. In Indo-European present tense. In Common Slavic and later Ukrainian, Common Slavic and later Ukrainian, it retained its present meaning only it retained its present meaning only for imperfective verbs and developed for imperfective verbs and developed a future meaning for perfective a future meaning for perfective verbs.verbs.

The present tenseThe present tense

It's only imperfective It's only imperfective verbs that can be in the verbs that can be in the present tense.present tense.

The future tenseThe future tense

The future tenseThe future tense. Once you . Once you have learned the present, the have learned the present, the future tense will be easy. In future tense will be easy. In fact, fact, future perfective future perfective verbs take on the same verbs take on the same endings which endings which imperfective verbs take in imperfective verbs take in the present tensethe present tense. .

Imperfective verbs in the Imperfective verbs in the future tense can have future tense can have

two forms:two forms:

перекладати -- to translateперекладати -- to translate Я буду перекладатиЯ буду перекладати I will translate/ will be I will translate/ will be

translatingtranslating Ти будеш перекладатиТи будеш перекладати You will translate/ will be You will translate/ will be

translatingtranslating ВінВін He He Вона буде перекладатиВона буде перекладати She will translate/will be She will translate/will be

translatingtranslatingВоноВоно It It

Ми будемо перекладатиМи будемо перекладати We will translate/ will We will translate/ will be translatingbe translating

Ви будете перекладатиВи будете перекладати You will translate/ will You will translate/ will be translating be translating (formal and plural you)(formal and plural you)

Вони будуть перекладатиВони будуть перекладати They will translate/ They will translate/ will be translatingwill be translating

This form is practically This form is practically identical to English simple identical to English simple future (e.g., I will translate), future (e.g., I will translate), except that the verb "will" except that the verb "will" also has person-specific also has person-specific endings (same as in Example endings (same as in Example 2 above). 2 above).

or elseor else

перекладати -- to translateперекладати -- to translate

Я перекладатимуЯ перекладатиму I will translate/ will be translatingI will translate/ will be translating Ти перекладатимешТи перекладатимеш You will translate/ will be You will translate/ will be

translatingtranslating ВінВін He He Вона перекладатимеВона перекладатиме She will translate/will be She will translate/will be

translatingtranslatingВоноВоно It It

Ми перекладатимемоМи перекладатимемо We will translate/ will be We will translate/ will be translatingtranslating

Ви перекладатиметеВи перекладатимете You will translate/ will You will translate/ will be translating be translating (formal and plural you)(formal and plural you)

Вони перекладатимутьВони перекладатимуть They will translate/ They will translate/ will be translatingwill be translating

The past tenseThe past tense

The past tenseThe past tense. You’ll have to . You’ll have to remember only four endings for the remember only four endings for the past tense, but the conjugation past tense, but the conjugation principle has changed: endings here principle has changed: endings here are gender- and number-specific are gender- and number-specific rather than person-specific, as it is rather than person-specific, as it is for the present and future tenses. for the present and future tenses.

There are no differences between There are no differences between perfective and imperfective past perfective and imperfective past tense formation. Some irregularities, tense formation. Some irregularities, like elsewhere, do occur, so pay like elsewhere, do occur, so pay attention when you see new verbs in attention when you see new verbs in sentences. sentences.

лежатилежати -- to lie (imperfective) -- to lie (imperfective)

лежавлежавЯ Я лежалалежала I lay I lay

лежалолежало        лежавлежавТи лежалаТи лежала You lay You lay лежалолежало

ВінВін лежавлежав

ВонаВона лежала лежала He/She/It He/She/It laylay

Воно Воно лежало лежало

МиМи лежалилежали        We layWe lay

ВиВи лежалилежали    You lay     You lay (formal and plural you)(formal and plural you)

ВониВони лежали лежали       They layThey lay

ДЯКУЮ ЗА ДЯКУЮ ЗА УВАГУ!УВАГУ!