Leadership for Better Result @

UET Dr Ali Sajid,Alisajid61@yahoo.com

A good leader is a person who takes a little more than his share of the blame and a little less than his share of the credit.

John C. Maxwell

No man will make a great leader who wants to do it all himself, or to get all the credit for doing it.

Andrew Carnegie

If you command wisely, you'll be obeyed cheerfully.

Thomas Fuller, M. D.

One of the true tests of leadership is the ability to recognise a problem before it becomes an emergency.

Arnold H. Glasow

The ultimate leader is one who is willing to develop people to the point that they surpass him or her in knowledge and ability.

Fred A. Manske, Jr.

If one branch doesn't move, the many branches won't stir. (“If someone does not lead, no-one will follow.”)

Chinese Proverb

Leadership is a potent combination of strategy and character. But if you must be without one, be without the strategy.

General H. Norman Schwarzkopf

The very essence of leadership is that you have to have a vision.

Theodore Hesburgh

No amount of study or learning will make a man a leader unless he has the natural qualities of one.

Archibald Wavell,"London Times",

17 February, 1941

The leader is a teacher who succeeds without taking credit. And, because credit is not taken, credit is received.

Lao Tzu, 6th Century BC

Leaders manage the dream. All leaders have the capacity to create a compelling vision, one that takes people to a new place, and then to translate that vision into reality.

Warren Bennis

The first responsibility of a leader is to define reality. The last is to say thank you.

Max DePree

The role of the leader is to foster mutual respect and build a complementary team where each strength is made productive and each weakness irrelevant.

Stephen Covey

The essence of leadership is the capacity to build and develop the self-esteem of the workers.

Irwin Federman

People buy into the leader before they buy into the vision.

John C. Maxwell

Leaders need to strike a balance between action and patience.

Doug Smith

Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success, leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall.

Stephen Covey

To get a feel for the true essence of leadership, assume everyone who works for you is a volunteer.

Kouzes and Posner

The mediocre leader tells. The good leader explains. The superior leader demonstrates. The great leader inspires.

Buchholz and Roth

You do not lead by hitting people over the head - that's assault, not leadership.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

The level of morale is a good barometer of how each of your people is experiencing your leadership.

Danny Cox

Effective team leaders realise they neither know all the answers, nor can they succeed without the other members of the team.

Katzenbach & Smith

Communicate everything to your associates. The more they know, the more they care. Once they care, there is no stopping them.

Sam Walton

Your very best people will respond to what you actually do, what you evidently measure, and what you openly reward – every single time.

Betsy Sanders

Coaching is unlocking a person's potential to maximise their own performance. It is helping them to learn rather than teaching them.

John Whitmore

If you want someone to develop a specific trait, treat them as though they already had it.

Goethe

Managers control. Leaders create commitment.

Jonh Zenger

If he works for you, you work for him.

Japanese Proverb

Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity.

General Patton

Leadership: The art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Don’t curse the darkness light a candle

Chinese Proverb

“When people care deeply

about their work, they don’t

need to be pushed intoperforming at their best.”

–Start viewing the probable as possible.

–You'll be surprised at what you can accomplish.

• When person does good deed When he or she didn’t have to,

God looks down & smiles & says

“for this moment alone it was worth creating world”

He who wants something he never had,

will have to do something that he has never done

“If you want to build a ship, don’t drum up the men to go to the forest to gather wood, saw it, and nail the planks together.

Instead, teach them the desire for the sea.”

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

• If your vision is for a year, – Plant wheat.

• If your Vision is for a decade, Plant trees.

• If “Your vision” is for a lifetime, Plant people.

Chinese Proverb

Integrity

"Integrity without knowledge is weak and

useless, & knowledge without integrity is dangerous

and dreadful." • (Samuel Johnson 1709- 84)

Compassion

"Compassion is not weakness,

And is concern for the unfortunate ..

It is not socialism."

HUMAN SPIRIT

"The workplace should primarily be an

incubator for the

Human Spirit."  

Success• "Success is not the result of

spontaneous combustion.

You must set yourself on

fire."

Trust is absolutely key

to long-term success.

Jim Brke, Former Chairman & CEO

Johnson & Johnson

Speed happens when People . . .

Truly Trust Each Other.

- Edward Marshall

Mistrust Doubles Cost of

Doing Business.Professor John Whitney,

Columbia Business School

“Self-Trust” is First Secret of Success . . .

Essence of Heroism.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

–Start viewing the probable as possible.

–You'll be surprised at what you can accomplish.

Passion• We may affirm absolutely

that nothing great in the world has been

accomplished without passion.

- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Leadership

“…I have this wonderful compass, which points to whatever I want, so for what do I need you?”

- Captain Jack Sparrow

There is nothing so practical as a good theory (Kurt Lewin)

Dr. Ali Sajid 52

EVERY THING THAT IS DONE IN

THE WORLD IS DONE IN

HOPEMARTIN LAUTHER

Dr. Ali Sajid 53

Vision without Action is A Dream

Action Without Vision is An Activity

Dr. Ali Sajid 54

Minds are like ParachutesThey work only

when they are OPEN

Dr. Ali Sajid 55

All models are wrong, some models are useful.

(George Box)

Dr. Ali Sajid 56

• When person does good deed When he or she didn’t have to,

God looks down & smiles & says

“for this moment alone it was worth creating world”

Day Dreamer

All men dream; but not equally.Those who dream by night in dusty

recesses of their mindsAwake to find that it was vanity;

But dreamers of day are dangerous men

That they may act their dreams with open

eyes to make it possibleT.E. Lawrence

“There areno shortcutsto any placeworth going”

“If you want to build a ship, don’t drum up the men to go to the forest to gather wood, saw it, and nail the planks together.

Instead, teach them the desire for the sea.”

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

What is Leadership?

“Leadership, like swimming, cannot be learnt by reading about it”

Henry Mintzberg

Source: The 60 Second Leader

Start Thinking Like Leader?

What will be Your Step for being Excellent Leader?

Who Is A Leader?

Leader

The Person exerting the Influence

What is Leadership ?

Leadership - is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievement of group goals

Conditions for LeadershipSomeone willing to LEAD

Someone willing to FOLLOW

“Process of influencing followers

through persuasion, not coercion”

To support & contribute to the

realization of the leader’s & group’s

vision of the organization’s future.”

• Leaders act to help group to achieve objectives with

Maximum Application of its Capabilities. They do not stand behind group to push;

they place themselves before group as they Facilitate Progress & Inspire

Group to accomplish organizational goals.

Some Facts About Leadership

• People obey dictators out of fear, not out of respect. People do not fear real

leaders, they respect them. • Power & Prestige

• come from respect, a leader has

to earn respect

-KIM WOO-CHONG

Leadership?Empowers, Motivates & organizes people to achieve a

common objective, &

provides moral guidance.

Service to the people &

a vision for the future.”

“A leader is a dealer in hope.”

Napoleon

LEADERS SEE CUPS AS “HALF FULL.”

What is Leadership?

The Process where a person“Inspires, Motivates, & Directs” their activities to achieve goalsEffective Leadership increases

the Organization's ability to meet New Challenges

True LeadersFacilitate Progress,

to accomplish, Organizational Goals

961

Mike Hungerford

Leadership

Leadership is the ability to inspire people to make a total, willing, and voluntary commitment to accomplishing or exceeding organizational goals.

“A great leader is one who has vision, perseverance, and the capacity to inspire others,” Cynthia Trudell, president of Sea Ray Group

971

Leadership?

Empowers,& Organizes people to achieve a

Common Objective, & Provides Moral

Guidance.

Service to the People & a “Vision for the future.”

9811-23

991

Qualities of a Leader• Emotional stability• Dominance• Enthusiasm• Tough-mindedness• Self-assurance• Maturity• Charisma• Adaptability• Consideration…

Leadership ElementFunction Mastery

1. Proficiency in area of responsibility gives respect of subordinates.

2. Respected member of established functional “network” good at networking.

3. Always looking for more effective way to perform assigned function.

4. Innovative5. Willing to take risks to advance in

the area of assigned function.6. Knowledgeable abt corporate/org

activities outside area of assigned function; knows how assigned function “fits” in to corporate whole.

1001

Leadership Element No. 3Participative Mgt Style

1. Whatever possible, involve subordinates in “corporate” & departmental decisions.

2. Seek involvement of suppliers & even customers in corporate activities whenever possible.

3. Treat employees with dignity & respect.

4. Delegate responsibility to lowest possible level.

5. Seek to create sense of ownership.

6. Maintain individual & team job discipline in org that is operationally empowered.

7. Undertake job enrichment, both vertical & horizontal. Create teams, give them operating autonomy.

8. Recognize that leader’s role is to provide charters, resources, roadblock removal, & coaching.

Leadership Element No. 4Good Organizer

Takes time up front to clearly understand customer requirements so that “right thing is done right”.

2. Creates charters that assign pieces of whole in ways that are optimally performable.

3. Clear decks for workforce action by on-time provision of effective processes, tools & resources, & by removing roadblocks.

4. Works with adjacent functions to coordinate “interface” between functions. Respective outputs need to fit together.

5. Create clear charters for suppliers; encourages team members to integrate suppliers into functional team.

6. Coaches team members as they organize to undertake assigned task. Once team gets successful leader steps aside.

Leadership Element No. 5Interpersonal & Inspirational

1. Celebrate workforce accomplishments at every opportunity.

2. Take every opportunity to let rest of org know how excellent your subordinates are.

3. Always give credit to workforce, never to yourself.

4. Praise people whenever warranted.

5. Create environment that:a) causes people to be proud to work be

part of your org.b) Causes suppliers to be proud to be

supporting your org.c) Causes customers to be willing to think of

your org as sole source.d) Causes workers, suppliers & customers

to continuously improve.

New Leader Traps• Not learning

quickly• Isolation• Know-it-all• Keeping existing

team• Taking on too much

• Captured by wrong people

• Successor syndrome

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Leadership Core Tasks

• Create Momentum• Master technologies of

learning, visioning, and coalition building

• Manage oneself

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Seven Leadership Competencies• Drive• Leadership motivation• Integrity • Self-confidence• Intelligence• Knowledge of the

business• Emotional intelligence

1061

Courtesy of Kookmin Bank

Some Facts About Leadership

• People obey dictators out of fear, not out of respect. People do not fear real

leaders, they respect them. • Power & Prestige

• come from respect, a leader has

to earn respect

-KIM WOO-CHONG

Leadership?Empowers, Motivates & organizes people to achieve a

common objective, &

provides moral guidance.

Service to the people &

a vision for the future.”

“A leader is a dealer in hope.”

Napoleon

LEADERS SEE CUPS AS “HALF FULL.”

Message:

Leadership is all about love!

What Leadership isn’t• Leadership is not:

– a position– building a personality cult– being indispensable– about blaming others

Ingredients of Leadership

• Ability to use power effectively and in a responsible manner

• Ability to comprehend - human beings different motivation forces at different times & different situations

• Ability to inspire• Ability to act in a manner that will develop a climate

• conducive to responding to & arousing motivations

Leadership is Many Things!• Patient, usually boring coalition

building• Altering agendas so that new priorities get enough attention

• Building a loyal team at the top that speaks more or less with one voice

• Being visible when things are going bad, & invisible when they are working well

• Listening carefully much of the time, frequently speaking with encouragement, & reinforcing words with

believable action

• Being tough when necessary

Leader’s TaskTask of the leader is to get his people from where

they are to where

they have not been.

Leaders must invoke an alchemy of

Great Vision.

Those leaders who do not - are ultimately judged failures, even though they

may be “Popular at the Moment”.-Henry kissinger

Leadership Can Do?• Effective Leadership increases

the firm’s ability to meet

New Challenges

Characteristics of a Leader

• Be a critical thinker, not a yes person• Be consistent and dependable• Be humble and patient• Be able to receive and offer constructive criticism• Be a tireless worker• Be a disciplined student• Be persistent and consistent

Paradigm Has Shifted From

Management to Leadership!

Some Common MistakesPeople Make

Are Managers & the Leaders Same?

Managers Vs. Leaders

• Manager is one who performs functions of mgt: planning, organizing directing, controlling, & position in organization.

• Leader, is anyone how is able to influence others for pursuance of certain organizational goals.

Leadership Versus Management

• Management ensures accomplishment of plans through controlling & problem solving

• Management. develops capacity to carry out plans through organizing & staffing.

• Leadership aligns people work toward vision.

• Leadership motivates & inspires people to accomplish plan.

Leadership Vs Management

• Managers maintain

• Managers focus on systems & structure

• Managers rely on control

Leaders develop.

• Leaders focus on people.

• Leaders inspire.

Mgr Characteristics• Asks how & when • Eye on the bottom

line • Imitates

• Classic good soldier

Leader Characteristics

• Asks what & why • Eye on horizon

• Originates

• Own person

ManagersControl People• Control people &

things through system

• Reward Conformance punish deviation

• Maintain status quo

LeadersMotivate People

• Develop people’s talents, control things with system

• Reward effort, skill development, & innovation; Empower employees

• Look to the future through continuous improvement

Basic Difference

Managers have as their goal to

Do Things Right

while leaders have

as their goal to

Do the Right Things

• Managers take short view

• Managers ask how & when

• Managers deal with status quo

• Mgr works around a mission

• Long Perspective

• Leaders ask what & why.

• Leaders challenge it.

• Leaders develops Vision

Managers prefer working with people;

Leaders stir emotion-Abraham Zaleznick

Business psychologist

THINGS ARE MANAGED,

PEOPLE ARE LEDDEMING

Managers

• Rational Problem Solver– concerned with procedures, functions, and

organizational objectives

– more formality

– power (authority) from above

– nothing to do with manager’s personality

Leaders

• More Intuitive– primarily concerned with results

– more informal

– care about followers’ objectives

– power from below - (not part of the job)

Characteristics of Managers Vs Leaders in 21st Century

Manager Characteristics• Administers• A copy • Maintains• Focuses on systems & structure• Relies on control• Short range view

Leader Characteristics• Innovates • An original • Develops • Focuses on people

• Inspires trust

• Long range perspective

•Your cannot manage to win;

Winners must be led.•

Leadership: • the process where a person exerts influence over others and

inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to achieve goals• Effective leadership increases the firm’s ability to meet new

challengesRelationship Between Management & Leadership• Leading is part of managing: If you can’t influence & inspire

people to work toward toward organizational goals, than all your organizing and planning will be for naught

• Management is part of leading: No matter how inspiring you may be, if you don’t plan and organize so the workers have the necessary tools & skills to do the jobs and reward them accordingly, you will usually not succeed

Leadership in Technoservice & Other High Involvement Orgs

To be effective in such orgs, leaders must have Functional mastery• Vision of corporate future.• Participative mgt style• Good organizer• Interpersonal & inspirational•

Likert’s Four Systems of Mgt

System 1: “Exploitive-Authoritative”, mgr highly autocratic, have little trust in

subordinates, motivate people through fear punishment

& only occasional rewards, engage in downward communication, &

limit decision making top.

Likert’s Four Systems of Mgt System 2: “Benevolent-Authoritative”, its

mgrs have patronizing confidence & trust in subordinates, motivate with rewards & some fear & punishment, permit some upward communication, solicit some ideas & opinions from subordinates, & allow some delegation of decision making but with close policy control.

System 3: “Consultative.” substantial but not complete confidence

& trust in subordinates, usually try make use subordinate s’ ideas & opinions, use rewards for motivation with occasional punishment & some participation

Engage in communication flow both down & up, make broad policy & general decision made lower levels, & act consultatively in other ways.

System 4: “Participative-Group.” give economic rewards on basis group participation & involvement in such areas setting goals & appraising progress toward goals.

Engage in much communication down & up & with peers, encourage decision making throughout org, & operate among themselves & with their subordinates group.

Likert’s Four Systems of Mgt

Those mgrs who applied system 4 approach their operations had greatest success leader.

Departments & companies managed system 4 approach were most effective in setting goals & achieving them & were generally more productive.

Likert’s Four Systems of Mgt

Autocratic Leader

Follower Follower Follower

Flow Of Influence With Three Leadership Styles

Likert’s Four Systems of Mgt Democratic

or Participative

leader

Follower Follower Follower

Flow Of Influence With Three Leadership Styles

Likert’s Four Systems of Mgt

Free-ReinLeader

Follower Follower Follower

Flow Of Influence With Three Leadership Styles

Leadership GridLeadership model that focuses on

Task (production) & Employee (people) orientations of mgrs

as well as combinations of concerns between two extremes.

Managerial Grid

Managerial grid useful device for identifying & classifying managerial styles,

but it does not tell us why mgr falls into one part or another of grid.

Causes, such personality characteristics leader or followers, ability & training mgrs, enterprise environment, & other situational factors that influence how leaders & followers act.

The Managerial Grid

HIGH

9 (1,9) (9,9)

87

65 (5,5)

43 Authority-

21 (1,1) (9,1)

LOW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Co

ncer

n fo

r peo

ple

Country ClubManagement

TeamManagement

Middle of the RoadManagement

MANAGERIAL GRID

ImpoverishedManagement

ComplianceManagement

Concern for production

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Con

cern

for

peop

le

Concern for production

(1,1) Management:Exertion of minimum effort to

get required work done is appropriate to sustain

organization membership. (Impoverished management)

(9,1) Management: Efficiency in operations results

from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements

interfere to a minimum degree. (Task management)

(5,5) Management: Adequate organization performance is

possible through balancing the necessity to get out work with maintaining morale of

people at a satisfactory level. (Middle of the road)

(1,9) Management:Thoughtful attention to needs of

people for satisfying relationship leads to a comfortable, friendly organization

atmosphere and work tempo.(Country club management)

(9,9) Management:Work accomplished is from

committed people; interdependence through a

“common stake” in organization purpose leads to relationships of

trust and respect.(Team management)

The Leadership Grid

Ó

Managerial Grid “Concern for People” Degree of personal commitment towards goal achievement,

maintenance of self-esteem of workers, placement of responsibility on basis trust rather than obedience, provision good working conditions, & maintenance satisfying interpersonal relations.

“Concern for Production” Attitudes of supervisor toward wide variety things, such quality policy decisions, procedures & processes, creativeness research, quality staff services, work efficiency, & volume output.

The Leadership Continuum Model

Used to determine which one of seven styles to select based on one’s use of boss-centered versus subordinate centered leadership to meet the situation.

Leadership as Continuum Adaptation leadership styles different contingencies. Leadership Continuum: leadership involving variety styles,

ranging from highly boss-centered highly subordinate-centered.

Styles vary with degree freedom leader or mgr grants subordinates.

Thus, instead suggestion choice between two styles leadership-authoritarian or democratic-approach offers range styles, with no suggestion always right & another always wrong.

Style leadership appropriate depends leader, followers, & situation.

Continuum of Leadership Behavior

Use of authority by the manager

Area of freedom for subordinates

Boss-centered Leadership

Subordinate-centered Leadership

Manager makes

decision and announces it

Manager “sells”

decision

Manager presents ideas

and invites questions

Manager presents tentative decision

subject to change

Manager presents

problem, gets suggestions,

makes decision

Manager defines

limits; asks group to

make decision

Manager permits

subordinates to function

within limits defined by supervisor

Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s

Leadership Continuum Model

1.Leader makes decision and announces it to employeeswithout discussion.

2.Leader makes a decision and sells it to employees.

3.Leader presents ideas and invites employee questions.

4.Leader presents tentative decision subject to change.

5.Leader presents problem, gets suggestions, and makes decision.

6.Leader defines limits and asks employees to make a decision.

7.Leader permits employees to make ongoing decisions within defined limits.

AutocraticParticipative

Transactional Leadership• Mgrs who push subordinates to change but

do not seem to change themselves are transactional

• Mgrs use reward & coercive power to encourage hi performance

Transformational Leadership

• Process of influencing attitudes & assumptions of orgal members &

building commitment to org’s mission & objectives.

Transformational Leadership

– Make subordinates aware of how important their jobs are by providing feedback to the worker

• Make subordinates aware of their own need for personal growth & development

• Empowerment of workers, added training help

• Motivate workers to work for the good of org, not just themselves

Transformational Leaders

– Transformational - charismatic & have a vision of how good things can be.

• Excited & clearly communicate this to subordinates.

– Openly share information with workers. • Everyone aware of problems & need for

change. • Empowers workers to help with solutions.

– Engage in development of workers.• Mgr works hard to help them build skills.

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

• Charismatic leadership is really just a component of

the broader based transformational

leadership.

Charismatic Leadership

Influence based on follower perceptions that the leader is

endowed with the gift of divine inspiration or

supernatural qualities.

Charismatic Leadership• Leader’s individual characteristic.

• Interpersonal attraction - inspires support & acceptance.

Charismatic Leadership

• Charismatic leaders will produce in followers performance beyond expectations as well as strong

commitment to leader & his or her mission.

• Charisma as an attribution phenomenon & propose that it varies with the situation.

Transformational Leaders

• Leaders who, through their personal vision & energy, inspire followers & have a major impact on their orgs also called charismatic leaders.

• Transactional Leader does not have “vision” of - transformational leader

Charismatic Leadership Charismatic leadership - capable of having profound

& extraordinary effects on followers. Charismatic concept, or charisma,

Charismatic leaders Characterized by Self confidence &

confidence in subordinates, high expectations for subordinates,

ideological vision, & the use of personal example.

Contd…

Charismatic Leadership

• Followers of charismatic leaders identify with “leader & mission of leader”

• Exhibit extreme loyalty to and confidence in leader, • Emulate leader’s values & behavior,

• Derive self esteem from their relationship with leader charismatic leaders have superior debating

• Persuasive skills & technical expertise, & foster attitudinal, behavioral, & emotional changes in their followers.

Charismatic Leadership is really just a component of the

broader based Transformational Leadership.

Charismatic Leaders• Common Characteristics

• Self-confidence• Vision• Ability to articulate• Strong convictions• Out of the ordinary behavior• Perceived as change agents• Environmentally sensitive

EmpowersOthers

Visionary

SelfPromoting

VerbalSkills

MinimumInternalConflict

High EnergyAction

Orientation

Inspires Trust

High RiskOrientation

SelfConfidence

Moral Conviction

RelationalPowerBase

CharismaticLeader

Characteristics

Personalized Charismatic Leaders

Pursue leader-driven goals & promote feelings of obedience, dependency & submission in followers.

Ethical Charismatic Leader

• Open, two way communication

• Coaches, develops, and supports followers; shares recognition with others

• Relies on internal moral standards to satisfy org & societal interests

Unethical Charismatic Leader

• One way communication

• Insensitive to followers needs

• Relies on convenient, external moral standards to satisfy self-interests

Ethical & Unethical Characteristics of Charismatic Leaders

Ethical Charismatic Leader• Uses power to serve

others • Aligns vision with

followers needs and aspirations

• Considers and learns from criticism

• Stimulates followers to think independently & to question the leaders view

Unethical Charismatic Leader• Uses power only for

personal gain or impact • Promotes own personal

vision • Not willing to consider

critical or opposing views• Demands own decision be

accepted without question

Leader Behavior Leader behavior categorized into four groups:

1. Supportive Leadership behavior gives consideration needs subordinates, shows concern their well-being, & creates pleasant organizational climate.

It has greatest impact subordinates performance when they are frustrated & dissatisfied.

2. Participative Leadership allows subordinates influence decisions their superiors & can result increased motivation.

Leader Behavior

3. Instrumental leadership gives subordinates rather specific guidance & clarifies what expected them; includes aspects planning, organizing, coordinating, & controlling leader.

4. Achievement-oriented leadership involves setting challenging goals, seeking improvement performance, & having confidence subordinates will achieve high goals.

Leader Behavior Characteristics

of subordinates

Functions of leader

Effective organization

WorkEnvironment

Motivated subordinates

Leaderbehavior