Post on 12-Jan-2016
Landscape-Ecological Map using Three Dimensional Vegetation Structure and Micro
Landform Classification detected by LIDAR
Survey Data
Landscape-Ecological Map using Three Dimensional Vegetation Structure and Micro
Landform Classification detected by LIDAR
Survey Data
ICC 2009Nov. 18th 2009
Escuela Militar, Santiago, Chile
Mamoru KOARAI, Takayuki NAKANO, Junko IWAHASHI and Hiroshi P. SATO
(Geigraphical Survey Institute, JAPAN)
Content• Introduction• Studied area (Mt. Rausu, Shiretoko
Peninsula) and LIDAR survey• Three dimensional vegetation map using
LIDAR data• DEM analysis of LIDAR survey data• Overlay analysis between micro
topography and vegetation• Conclusion
/The authors have been doing the project of trial produce of landscape-ecological map of Shiretoko Peninsula, where is Natural Heritage Area of Japan, Hokkaido Island.
/Basic legend of landscape-ecological maps consists of the combination of vegetation classification and landform classification.
/In this presentation, the authors introduce three dimensional vegetation structure map using LIDAR survey data for legend of landscape-ecological map.
/This research project have been promoting by the budget of the Ministry of Environment.
Introduction
Background(characteristics of LIDAR survey data)
/Last pulse LIDAR data in winter season is useful for detection of micro landform under forest area
/Vegetation classification has been down using three dimensional vegetation structure detected by the difference between LIDAR data in two seasons
summer winter
Mt. Rausu, Shiretoko PeninsulaWorld Natural Heritage Area of Japan
Studied area and LIDAR survey
●Studied areaSouth-East foots of Mt. Rausu, Shiretoko Peninsula (1km×4km)
●Airborne laser survey (LIDAR Survey)
0.5m grid DSM and DEMin summer season (Sept.5th , 2008)
2m grid DSM and DEMin spring or autumn season (June 6th ,2004,Oct.19th ,2004)
Haimatsubara
profile1
profile2
Satomidai
Byobuiwa
Studied area
LIDAR survey area
site4
Tomariba
Byobuiwa
Betula ermanii
Tomariba Pinus pumila , Betula ermanii , low tree
Satomidai
Abies sachalinensis, Quercus crispula Blume , Betula ermanii , Sasa
Quercus crispula Blume , Pinus pumila, Sasa
Haimatsubara
profile 1
profile 2profile 3
Three dimensional vegetation structure by LIDER data
pinus pumila
single layer
study area
profile 1 profile 2 profile 3
SummerDSM ( left )
, DEM ( right
)( 0.5m grid )
histogram of vegetation height on each colony
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 5 10 15 20
(m)樹高
画素
数
サ サ-タ ゲカンハ ゙タ ゲカンハ ゙トト マ゙ツ-ミス ナ゙ラエソ イ゙タヤ-ミス ナ゙ラ
vegetation height ( m )
gri
d n
um
ber
Acer pictum Thunb - Quercus crispula Blume
Sasa - betula ermanii Chambetula ermanii Cham
Abies sachlinesis - Quercus crispula Blume
over 1.5m under 6m -- low treeover 6m under 10m -- middle treeover 10m ------- high tree
Three dimensional vegetation map using LIDAR data
Grass, pinus pumila, bare
If Hs≧7m, crown: Dw≧10m, thick, Dw<10m, thin.
Evergreen trees
Hs
Hw
Hs-HwHsHw
Hs
DsDw
Hw
Hs<1.5m, Grass, pinus pumila, bare; Hs≧1.5m, Trees
Hw≧5m, Multiple layer
Hs-Hw<3m (always Hs≧7m), Evergreen trees; Hs-Hw>=3m, Deciduous trees
Deciduous trees (Single layer) Deciduous trees (Multiple layer)
Hs≧10m, High
10m>Hs≧7 m, Medium
If Hs≧10m, crown: Ds≧10m, thick; Ds<10m, thin.
Hs≧10m, H.
10m>Hs≧6m, Med.
Hw<5m, Single layer
10m>Hs≧1.5m, Med. & Low
Hs<6m, Low
Hs≧10m, High
Hs-Hw
LIDAR vegetation map of Mt. Rausu
Vegetation classification using three dimensional structure
detected by LIDAR data
, pinus pumila
deciduous or evergreendeciduous (single layer or multiple layers)
three categories×
vegetation heightdeciduous (single) --- three categories (low, medium, high) deciduous (multiple) --- two categories (low/medium, high)
evergreen --- two categories (medium, high)+
crown thickness of high tree (thick, thin)three categories= ten categories
+bare/grass/pinus pumila
= eleven categories
Relationship between LIDAR vegetation map and Actual Vegetation Mappublished by Ministry of Environment
, pinus pumila
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000
)面積(㎡
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
レー
ザデ
ータ
によ
る植
生区
分
高山低木群落-コケモモ ハイマツ群落
雪田草原-エゾマツ トドマツ群集-ダケカンバ エゾマツ群落
Ⅱダケカンバ群落( )ミヤマハンノキ群落
-ササ ダケカンバ群落Ⅱササ群落( )
-トドマツ ミズナラ群落-エゾイタヤ ミズナラ群落
ヤマハンノキ群落Ⅳササ群落( )-オオヨモギ オオイタドリ群落-シラカンバ ミズナラ群落-チシマザサ クマイザサ群落
硫気孔原植生自然裸地
area ( ㎡ )
veg
eta
tion
cla
ssifi
catio
n b
y L
IDE
R
Vaccinium - Pinus pumila
Betula ermanii Cham
Alnus crispa
Sasa - Betula ermanii Cham
Abies sachalinensis - Quercus crispula Blume
Acer pictum Thunb - Quercus crispula Blume
position of trees
corner of survey site
LIDER vegetation mapbare , grass , pinus pumila
deciduous (single)
deciduous (multiple)evergreen
speciesAbies sachalinensis
Quercus crispula blume
Sorbus commixta hedlAcer japonicum Thunb
Betula ermanii Chamothers
Projected plan of the crowns
Cross section on the plot
histogram of gradient , convexity and roughnessof each grid size DEM (0.5m, 2m and 50m )
(b) convexity
(a) gradient
(c) roughness
×10 6
×10 6×10 6×10 6
DEM analysis of LIDAR survey data
0.5m grid 2m grid 50m grid
automatic land form classification using each grid size DEM
s ・ cv ・ sms ・ cv ・ ros ・ cc ・ sms ・ cc ・ rom ・ cv ・smm ・ cv ・ rom ・ cc ・smm ・ cc ・ rog ・ cv ・ smg ・ cv ・ rog ・ cc ・ smg ・ cc ・ ro
automatic land form classificationusing 0.5m grid DEM
s ・ cv ・ sms ・ cv ・ ros ・ cc ・ sms ・ cc ・ rom ・ cv ・smm ・ cv ・ rom ・ cc ・smm ・ cc ・ rog ・ cv ・ smg ・ cv ・ rog ・ cc ・ smg ・ cc ・ ro
automatic land form classificationusing 2m grid DEM
s ・ cv ・ sms ・ cv ・ ros ・ cc ・ sms ・ cc ・ rom ・ cv ・smm ・ cv ・ rom ・ cc ・smm ・ cc ・ rog ・ cv ・ smg ・ cv ・ rog ・ cc ・ smg ・ cc ・ ro
automatic land form classificationusing 50m grid DEM
convexitycc : concavecv : convex
gradientg : gentle m : middles : steep
roughnessro : roughsm :smooth
overlay of 0.5m grid and 2m grid automatic
landform classification
ratio of each automation landform classification ( 0.5m grid and 2m gri
d )
0.5m ( g ・ c
c ・ ro )0.5m ( g ・ c
c ・ sm )
0.5m ( g ・ c
v ・ ro )0.5m ( g ・ c
v ・ sm )0.5m ( m ・ c
c ・ ro )0.5m ( m ・ c
c ・ sm )0.5m ( m ・ c
v ・ ro )0.5m ( m ・ c
v ・ sm )0.5m ( s ・ c
c ・ ro )0.5m ( s ・ c
c ・ sm )0.5m ( s ・ c
v ・ ro )0.5m ( s ・ c
v ・ sm )
2m(
s・
c
v・
sm)
2m(
s・
c
v・
ro)
2m(
s・
c
c・
sm)
2m(
s・
c
c・
ro)
2m(
m・
c
v・
sm)
2m(
m・
c
v・
ro)
2m(
m・
c
c・
sm)
2m(
m・
c
c・
ro)
2m(
g・
c
v・
sm)
2m(
g・
c
v・
ro)
2m(
g・
c
c・
sm)
2m(
g・
c
c・
ro)
0.5m ( g ・ c
c ・ ro )0.5m ( g ・ c
c ・ sm )0.5m ( g ・ c
v ・ ro )0.5m ( g ・ c
v ・ sm )0.5m ( m ・ c
c ・ ro )0.5m ( m ・ c
c ・ sm )0.5m ( m ・ c
v ・ ro )0.5m ( m ・ c
v ・ sm )0.5m ( s ・ c
c ・ ro )0.5m ( s ・ c
c ・ sm )0.5m ( s ・ c
v ・ ro )0.5m ( s ・ c
v ・ sm )
2m(
s・
c
v・
sm)
2m(
s・
c
v・
ro)
2m(
s・
c
c・
sm)
2m(
s・
c
c・
ro)
2m(
m・
c
v・
sm)
2m(
m・
c
v・
ro)
2m(
m・
c
c・
sm)
2m(
m・
c
c・
ro)
2m(
g・
c
v・
sm)
2m(
g・
c
v・
ro)
2m(
g・
c
c・
sm)
2m(
g・
c
c・
ro)
g : gentle m : middles : steep
cc : concavecv : convex
ro : roughsm : smooth
50m ( g ・ cc ・ r
o )
50m ( g ・ cc ・ s
m )
50m ( g ・ cv ・ r
o )
50m ( g ・ cv ・ s
m )
50m ( m ・ cc ・ r
o )
50m ( m ・ cc ・ s
m )
50m ( m ・ cv ・ r
o )
50m ( m ・ cv ・ s
m )
50m ( s ・ cc ・ r
o )
50m ( s ・ cc ・ s
m )
50m ( s ・ cv ・ r
o )
50m ( s ・ cv ・ s
m )
50m ( g ・ cc ・ r
o )
50m ( g ・ cc ・ s
m )
50m ( g ・ cv ・ r
o )
50m ( g ・ cv ・ s
m )
50m ( m ・ cc ・ r
o )
50m ( m ・ cc ・ s
m )
50m ( m ・ cv ・ r
o )
50m ( m ・ cv ・ s
m )
50m ( s ・ cc ・ r
o )
50m ( s ・ cc ・ s
m )
50m ( s ・ cv ・ r
o )
50m ( s ・ cv ・ s
m )
g : gentle m : middles : steep
cc : concavecv : convex
ro : roughsm : smooth
overlay of 50m grid automatic landform
classification and 1/50,000 actual
vegetation map
ratio of 50m grid automatic landform
classification on each colony of
1/50,000 actual vegetation map
Overlay analysis between micro topography and vegetation
2m ( g ・ cc ・
ro )
2m ( g ・ cc ・
sm )
2m ( g ・ cv ・
ro )
2m ( g ・ cv ・
sm )
2m ( m ・ cc ・
ro )
2m ( m ・ cc ・
sm )
2m ( m ・ cv ・
ro )
2m ( m ・ cv ・
sm )
2m ( s ・ cc ・
ro )
2m ( s ・ cc ・
sm )
2m ( s ・ cv ・
ro )
2m ( s ・ cv ・
sm )
bare,
grass ,
Pinus pumila
deciduous (sin
gle) deciduous (
mu
lti) everg
reen
2m ( g ・ cc ・
ro )
2m ( g ・ cc ・
sm )
2m ( g ・ cv ・
ro )
2m ( g ・ cv ・
sm )
2m ( m ・ cc ・
ro )
2m ( m ・ cc ・
sm )
2m ( m ・ cv ・
ro )
2m ( m ・ cv ・
sm )
2m ( s ・ cc ・
ro )
2m ( s ・ cc ・
sm )
2m ( s ・ cv ・
ro )
2m ( s ・ cv ・
sm )
bare,
grass ,
Pinus pumila
deciduous (sin
gle) deciduous (
mu
lti) everg
reen
g : gentle m : middles : steep
cc : concavecv : convex
ro : roughsm : smooth
overlay of 2m grid automatic landform
classification and 1m grid LIDAR
vegetation map
ratio of 2m grid automatic landform
classification on each category of
1m grid LIDAR vegetation map
• The authors produce three dimensional vegetation map using LIDAR data on south-east foots of Mt. Rausu on Shiretoko Peninsula.
• LIDAR vegetation map is correspond to Actual Vegetation Map and ground survey data.
• Result of overlay between automatic landform classification and vegetation classification shows vegetation on Mt. Rausu depend on elevation.
• The authors will produce legend of landscape-ecological map combined with three dimensional vegetation structure and micro landform classification for the evaluation of biodiversity in Natural Heritage Area.
Conclusion