Post on 26-Mar-2015
Lab Portfolio FormattingLab Portfolio Formatting
Topics – Expt. DesignTopics – Expt. Design
The IB PortfolioThe IB Portfolio
The IB portfolio includes evidence for all The IB portfolio includes evidence for all laboratory work sessions: laboratory work sessions: 40 hours40 hours SL SL or or 60 hours60 hours HL . HL .
a)a) All lab work b) All lab work b) problem solvingproblem solving c) dry c) dry labs d) labs d) formal labsformal labs e) partial labs e) partial labs
FORMATFORMAT
Word process (Word process (1.51.5 space) Times new roman 11 space) Times new roman 11 point fontpoint font
Microsoft Excel for: Graphs, tables, Microsoft Excel for: Graphs, tables, statisticsstatistics
Word can do tables if you have troubleWord can do tables if you have trouble
Include in your portfolio: lab Include in your portfolio: lab handoutshandouts, , instructions, notes, log of lab activities, write-instructions, notes, log of lab activities, write-ups.ups.
Quick TipsQuick Tips
Treat each lab as practice for the internal assessmentTreat each lab as practice for the internal assessment
Maximize use of time in classMaximize use of time in class
Turn in only COMPLETE labsTurn in only COMPLETE labs
Always think about what your results Always think about what your results actually meanactually mean
The process is just as important as the end product.The process is just as important as the end product.
REMEMBER TO KEEP YOUR PORTFOLIO UP TO REMEMBER TO KEEP YOUR PORTFOLIO UP TO DATE – QUARTERLY NOTEBOOK CHECKS !!DATE – QUARTERLY NOTEBOOK CHECKS !!
IB Internal AssessmentIB Internal Assessment
Internal Assessment consists of 2 complete Internal Assessment consists of 2 complete labs (Bio = 1 full and 2 partials, Enviro = 4 labs (Bio = 1 full and 2 partials, Enviro = 4 partials)partials)
You will complete 2 required labs with an option You will complete 2 required labs with an option of a 3of a 3rdrd (science fair) (science fair)
Internal Assessment is Internal Assessment is 23%23% of your final IB of your final IB Biology or IB Environmental scoreBiology or IB Environmental score
Remember: You have full control over this Remember: You have full control over this portion of your IB test scoreportion of your IB test score
Use the following as a format Use the following as a format guide for your IAguide for your IA
Remember: Samples will differ slightly Remember: Samples will differ slightly from this formatfrom this format
Everything underlined here should Everything underlined here should appear as an underlined heading in appear as an underlined heading in your lab – Refer to the hand out for your lab – Refer to the hand out for
referencereference
NameName SchoolSchool
Class / PeriodClass / Period Dates planningDates planning
Lab PartnersLab Partners executionexecution
Use a meaningful, descriptive title of your Use a meaningful, descriptive title of your own creationown creation
IBES IA #1IBES IA #1
Running title: What is the effect of some Running title: What is the effect of some factor on some aspect of the environment?factor on some aspect of the environment?
Factor can be natural or anthropogenicFactor can be natural or anthropogenic
BackgroundBackground
*Information that lead to your question*Information that lead to your question*Background info and Observations*Background info and Observations*Include at least two parenthetical *Include at least two parenthetical references e.g. (Campbell, p. 245) or references e.g. (Campbell, p. 245) or (Platt, 2001)(Platt, 2001)**Must have enough info to support Must have enough info to support problem and hypothesisproblem and hypothesis*FUNNEL THE READER INTO YOUR *FUNNEL THE READER INTO YOUR EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT
(1/2 page maximum)(1/2 page maximum)
DesignDesign
Problem:Problem: Frequently a question Frequently a question
What is the effect of What is the effect of ___________ on __________?___________ on __________?
e.g. What is the effect of e.g. What is the effect of seasonal changes in rainfall on the seasonal changes in rainfall on the reproduction of tree frogs?reproduction of tree frogs?
Aspects of the Environment Aspects of the Environment Brainstorm: Period 1Brainstorm: Period 1
BiodiversityBiodiversity Cuban Tree Frog colorsCuban Tree Frog colors
Waterway health, conditions etcWaterway health, conditions etc Mountain building / land featuresMountain building / land features
Worm PredatorsWorm Predators Turtle shell density / patternsTurtle shell density / patterns
Urban developmentUrban development Kangaroo pouch volumeKangaroo pouch volume
Weather StabilityWeather Stability Honey badger migrationHoney badger migration
Global WarmingGlobal Warming MalnutritionMalnutrition
Nuclear waste disposalNuclear waste disposal Ice cap volume, areaIce cap volume, area
Beaver Dam numbersBeaver Dam numbers snake shedding schedulesnake shedding schedule
Increase in CO2Increase in CO2 Increased water levels, sea levelsIncreased water levels, sea levels
Whale MigrationsWhale Migrations Australian wind patternsAustralian wind patterns
Giraffe ReproductionGiraffe Reproduction cloud density or formationscloud density or formations
Land pollution, degradationLand pollution, degradation species depletionspecies depletion
Bird populations / diversityBird populations / diversity size of raindropssize of raindrops
Nonnative species / Invasive speciesNonnative species / Invasive species development of alternative energiesdevelopment of alternative energies
Forest AreaForest Area yellowstone deer populations, species diversityyellowstone deer populations, species diversity
DeforestationDeforestation human reproduction rateshuman reproduction rates
Gopher PopulationGopher Population spread of disease / eboila / spread of disease / eboila /
Soil – volume, nutrients, pH, Soil – volume, nutrients, pH, global food supplyglobal food supply
Coral ReefsCoral Reefs
Resources / depletionResources / depletion
Squirrel DietSquirrel Diet
Overpopulation / Human populationOverpopulation / Human population
Ozone VolumeOzone Volume
Fish PopulationFish Population
Aspects of the Environment Aspects of the Environment Brainstorm: Period 2Brainstorm: Period 2
Rainforests – area, health, productivityRainforests – area, health, productivity
BiodiversityBiodiversity National ParksNational Parks
Ozone volumeOzone volume Marine life, OceansMarine life, Oceans
Animal speciesAnimal species Amount of spaceAmount of space
Global food supplyGlobal food supply Population growthPopulation growth
Water qualityWater quality Quality of foodQuality of food
Standard of livingStandard of living Death rates, Death rates,
AgricultureAgriculture GeneticsGenetics
Depletion of resourcesDepletion of resources
Ice shelves – area, thickness, Ice shelves – area, thickness,
Aspects of the Environment Aspects of the Environment Brainstorm: Period 3Brainstorm: Period 3
Polar ice caps – size, thicknessPolar ice caps – size, thickness
Populations of speciesPopulations of species
Habitats, EcosystemsHabitats, Ecosystems
Plant growth Plant growth
Poison dart frogsPoison dart frogs
BiomassBiomass
Yellow Squirrel banana paw paw populationsYellow Squirrel banana paw paw populations
Migration patterns Migration patterns
ReproductionReproduction
Species mutationsSpecies mutations
HumidityHumidity
Rate of erosionRate of erosion
Food productionFood production
Factors that could have an Factors that could have an effect: Period 1effect: Period 1
AnthropogenicAnthropogenicOverfishingOverfishing
EcotourismEcotourism
Oil spillsOil spills
Human life spanHuman life span
CFCsCFCs
PollutionPollution
Nickel mining african childrenNickel mining african children
Human populationHuman population
Burning fossil fuelsBurning fossil fuels
RecessionRecession
MalnutritionMalnutrition
Mercury in waterwaysMercury in waterways
Species depletionSpecies depletion
North Koreen nuclear proliferationNorth Koreen nuclear proliferation
Medical discoveriesMedical discoveries
BiomagnificationBiomagnification
Photochemical smogPhotochemical smog
Coal mining in west virginiaCoal mining in west virginia
Gold mining in coloradoGold mining in colorado
WarWar
EutrophicationEutrophication
NaturalNatural
UV radiationUV radiation
Hurricanes, earthquakes,Hurricanes, earthquakes,
Shark attacks in a yearShark attacks in a year
volcanoesvolcanoes
RainRain
Factors that could have an Factors that could have an effect: Period 2effect: Period 2
AnthropogenicAnthropogenicCO2 emissionsCO2 emissions
CFCs CFCs
Pesticides / runoffPesticides / runoff
Methane gasMethane gas
Beach erosionBeach erosion
Whale huntingWhale hunting
Nuclear wasteNuclear waste
Population growthPopulation growth
DeforestationDeforestation
Cows in IndiaCows in India
Food wasteFood waste
EcotourismEcotourism
EutrophicationEutrophication
NaturalNatural
Beach erosionBeach erosion
WildfiresWildfires
Hurricanes (specific or Hurricanes (specific or general)general)
EarthquakesEarthquakes
Volcanic ashVolcanic ash
Population growthPopulation growth
Factors that could have an Factors that could have an effect: Period 3effect: Period 3
AnthropogenicAnthropogenicAcid rainAcid rain
PollutionPollution
DeforestationDeforestation
PopulationPopulation
EutrophicationEutrophication
Food supplyFood supply
Cetacean SlaughterCetacean Slaughter
GreenhouseGreenhouse
Waste productionWaste production
Species depletionSpecies depletion
Coral BleachingCoral Bleaching
RadiationRadiation
Tragedy of the Commons – Tragedy of the Commons –
Ozone depletionOzone depletion
NaturalNatural
TemperatureTemperature
PrecipitationPrecipitation
PHPH
DODO
Ocean currentsOcean currents
Natural DisastersNatural Disasters
Sunlight – InsolationSunlight – Insolation
UV radiationUV radiation
Albedo effectAlbedo effect
Hypothesis:Hypothesis:
Based on preliminary infoBased on preliminary infoBe as Be as quantitativequantitative as possible as possibleState as If…Then… & State as If…Then… & BecauseBecause
e.g. e.g. IfIf there is less than 20 cm there is less than 20 cm of rain in a particular season of rain in a particular season thenthen tree tree frogs will not reproduce. frogs will not reproduce.
This will happen because 20cm This will happen because 20cm of rainfall is the minimum to leave standing of rainfall is the minimum to leave standing water in pools for the eggs to float.water in pools for the eggs to float.
VariablesVariables(list them as follows)(list them as follows)
Independent variableIndependent variable = Parts of the experiment = Parts of the experiment that the scientist changesthat the scientist changes
= e.g. amount of rainfall frogs receive= e.g. amount of rainfall frogs receiveDependent variableDependent variable = Variable that is being = Variable that is being
measured (its changes are measured) and how it is measured (its changes are measured) and how it is measuredmeasured
= e.g. size of eggs produced (measured in = e.g. size of eggs produced (measured in cm with calipers)cm with calipers)
Controlled variableControlled variable = What is kept the same = What is kept the same throughout the experiment – throughout the experiment – includeinclude as many as as many as possible & be sure you explain how and why herepossible & be sure you explain how and why here
= e.g. temp, food supply, age, time of year, = e.g. temp, food supply, age, time of year, etc …etc …
MaterialsMaterials
• must be a COMPLETE list must be a COMPLETE list • with an with an explanationexplanation of how each item is of how each item is
used in the experiment used in the experiment • Be specifics on sizes, concentrations, etc.Be specifics on sizes, concentrations, etc.• (include safety equipment)(include safety equipment)
Experimental Set upExperimental Set up
Photographs with Photographs with labelslabels showing ongoing showing ongoing experiment with all apparatus including safety experiment with all apparatus including safety equipmentequipment
A drawing is acceptable if it is detailed and A drawing is acceptable if it is detailed and completecomplete
Procedures:Procedures:
numbered steps – complete enough to be numbered steps – complete enough to be replicated exactly by another personreplicated exactly by another person
Include replicationsInclude replications
Must include method of data analysis, Must include method of data analysis, technology used and tests completedtechnology used and tests completed
Safety:Safety: steps taken for safety in the lab steps taken for safety in the lab
e.g.e.g.
Data Collection and ProcessingData Collection and ProcessingAll results should stand aloneAll results should stand aloneRaw Data TableRaw Data Table
organize in excel or word chart with lines organize in excel or word chart with lines sig. sig. figs., labels, replicates, units, titles, uncertaintiesfigs., labels, replicates, units, titles, uncertainties
Raw Data GraphRaw Data Graphtypically a bar graph showing individual typically a bar graph showing individual
measurements – remember title, axis labels, units, measurements – remember title, axis labels, units, scale, scale,
ObservationsObservationsqualitative observations made during experimentqualitative observations made during experiment
Data ProcessingData ProcessingOverviewOverview – explains how you will analyze the – explains how you will analyze the data (T-test – 1 or 2 tailed - or Linear data (T-test – 1 or 2 tailed - or Linear regression)regression)– Explains why you chose that testExplains why you chose that test
CalculationsCalculations– Sample calculations for each manipulation you do Sample calculations for each manipulation you do
of the raw dataof the raw data– Minimum will include – mean, standard deviation, T-Minimum will include – mean, standard deviation, T-
test or Linear regressiontest or Linear regression– Include formula with your #’s plugged in – if Include formula with your #’s plugged in – if
repetitive may include “…”repetitive may include “…”– Need even if using excel or calculator for itNeed even if using excel or calculator for it
PresentationPresentation• Another 2 tables – Another 2 tables –
1.1. descriptive stats (mean, med. mode), Standard descriptive stats (mean, med. mode), Standard Deviation, other stats, etc. Deviation, other stats, etc.
2.2. Statistical test resultsStatistical test results• T-test = df, T value, p valueT-test = df, T value, p value• Linear Regression = df, critical r value, r valueLinear Regression = df, critical r value, r value
• must be your own presentation not an excel output must be your own presentation not an excel output tabletable
• Graph Graph correct type (bar graph for T-test, correct type (bar graph for T-test, scatterplot with trendline for Linear Regression)scatterplot with trendline for Linear Regression)• label axes, units, title, central tendency and rangelabel axes, units, title, central tendency and range
Example of graphsExample of graphs
Graphs/FiguresGraphs/Figures
Type meaningful titleType meaningful titleLabel axes with unitsLabel axes with unitsDo 1 representation of raw dataDo 1 representation of raw dataDo 2Do 2ndnd for the transformed data (means with error for the transformed data (means with error bars).bars).
e.g. Frogs:e.g. Frogs:a)a) One graph showing pairs of individual frog data One graph showing pairs of individual frog data
(rainfall, eggs per frog) (rainfall, eggs per frog) b)b) One showing Average rainfall (as bar graph) and One showing Average rainfall (as bar graph) and
Average eggs produced (bar graphs)Average eggs produced (bar graphs)c)c) One showing scatter plot of X (rainfall) and Y (eggs) One showing scatter plot of X (rainfall) and Y (eggs)
plots with trend line, r value, linear equationplots with trend line, r value, linear equation
Conclusion (Discussion for IBES)Conclusion (Discussion for IBES)(must have 3 things) (about 1/2 page)(must have 3 things) (about 1/2 page)
1. 1. Compare results to initial hypothesis – Compare results to initial hypothesis – Were Were you right or wrong?you right or wrong?
2. 2. Restate numerical information important to Restate numerical information important to your conclusion – graphs and stats infoyour conclusion – graphs and stats info
What do your results show or mean?What do your results show or mean?
WHY did the expt. turn out the way it did?WHY did the expt. turn out the way it did?
3. 3. You must include a biological explanation for You must include a biological explanation for the results you foundthe results you found
Citations must be used here as well – what was Citations must be used here as well – what was supposed to happen? Why was yours the same or supposed to happen? Why was yours the same or different (at least 2 references)different (at least 2 references)
IBES - ConclusionIBES - Conclusion
½ Page maximum½ Page maximum
You need to frame your work in the You need to frame your work in the context of a broader environmental issuecontext of a broader environmental issue– You studied pH in a pond effecting plants You studied pH in a pond effecting plants
in your narrative you need to Talk about acid in your narrative you need to Talk about acid rainrain
– You studied populations of trees in a forest You studied populations of trees in a forest in your narrative you need to talk about in your narrative you need to talk about biodiversitybiodiversity
EvaluationEvaluation
(about 1/2 page)(about 1/2 page)• Critically evaluate the quality of your data, Critically evaluate the quality of your data,
procedures, etc.procedures, etc.• Variability? Reliability? Error Sources?Variability? Reliability? Error Sources?• You must You must discuss standard deviationdiscuss standard deviation as a as a
numerical estimate of error or variability numerical estimate of error or variability
• Systematic Error – based on your manipulationSystematic Error – based on your manipulation• Random error – nature is variableRandom error – nature is variable
Improvements:Improvements:
• Suggest improvements for procedures & Suggest improvements for procedures & data collectiondata collection
Must have at least 3 improvements Must have at least 3 improvements relating to evaluation issuesrelating to evaluation issues
• E.g. increased E.g. increased sample sizesample size, increased , increased number of replicates, longer sampling number of replicates, longer sampling times, better controls (same age, gender) times, better controls (same age, gender) etc., better accuracy in measurement. etc., better accuracy in measurement.
• DO NOT design a different experiment DO NOT design a different experiment (toads, different time of day, food (toads, different time of day, food available). Work with what you have available). Work with what you have started with.started with.
Works CitedWorks Cited
Minimum of two references – Minimum of two references – probably 4probably 4
Use proper MLA format, refer to Use proper MLA format, refer to handout or reference the internethandout or reference the internet
END OF LABORATORY REPORTEND OF LABORATORY REPORT
Skills AssessmentSkills AssessmentThe following will be assessed by the teacher during the lab
activity and from the write-up. It reflects 12/48 points on your final IA grade
1 Manipulative skills: Graded Summatively across all labs 6 points total
Were all instructions followed?Were procedures carried out efficiently with Proper recording of lab
activities?Was everything done in a safe Manner?
2 Personal skills: Assessed on Jan 9th at Group 4 and included everything this activity encompasses6 points total for this one activity
Worked effectively within a teamRecognized and encouraged contributions of othersSelf motivation and perseveranceEthics – honesty, integrity of data, citing of sourcesAttention to environmental impact
Skills Assessment Automatic Skills Assessment Automatic DeductionsDeductions
1 Manipulative skills: Safety concernsdoes not demonstrate proper techniques not recording data during or by the end of the lab periodFailure to approach lab activities with due diligencefailing to clean up after labNot analyzing data properly Perpetually late labsImproper citations
2 Personal skills / Group 4Safety concernsProblems with completing activities on time line
lack of effort or behavioural issues
Any cheating or plagarism will result in a grade of 0 on the entire lab
Any cheating or plagarism will result in a grade of 0 on the
entire lab
Did I mention that …Did I mention that …
Thoughts on Experimental Thoughts on Experimental DesignDesign
Designing a Good ExperimentDesigning a Good Experiment
1. Replication – do it enough to show that 1. Replication – do it enough to show that the result is not a chance occurrencethe result is not a chance occurrence
2.2. Control & Constants – ensure that you Control & Constants – ensure that you know what is the cause of the effect you know what is the cause of the effect you seesee
I.V. is the manipulated I.V. is the manipulated variable (treatments)variable (treatments)
Designing a Good ExperimentDesigning a Good Experiment
3. Data collection – plan for the type of data 3. Data collection – plan for the type of data you want to collectyou want to collect
Be precise and meticulous in your Be precise and meticulous in your collection of datacollection of data
4.4. Data analysis – is your result significant?Data analysis – is your result significant?
Statistical tests, graphical analysis, what Statistical tests, graphical analysis, what does it actually show (beyond the #’s)does it actually show (beyond the #’s)
Designing a Good ExperimentDesigning a Good Experiment
5.5. What does it all meanWhat does it all mean
Why did it happenWhy did it happen
THINK ABOUT THIS, Its your chance to THINK ABOUT THIS, Its your chance to use your knowledge to explain a new use your knowledge to explain a new phenomenonphenomenon
Don’t be afraid to research similar Don’t be afraid to research similar experiments and reference themexperiments and reference them